Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Minimum Number

Interference of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′) was determined in a 2-yr field experiment. Yield of sugarbeet roots and recoverable sucrose/ha decreased as the density of common lambsquarters increased. At densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 common lambsquarters plants/30 m of row, root yields were reduced 13, 29, 38, and 48%, respectively, and recoverable sucrose yields were reduced 11, 27, 37, and 46%, respectively. The minimum number of common lambsquarters plants required per 30 m of row to reduce sugarbeet root yields was estimated to be six in 1980 and four in 1981.

Broadleaf Weed Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Interference within a mixture of equal densities of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) was determined in a 3-yr field study. Yield of sugarbeet roots and sucrose per hectare decreased as intensity of competition from equal populations of these three weeds increased. At densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 broadleaf weeds per 30 m of row, root yields were reduced 13, 24, 33, and 39%, respectively. Sucrose yields were reduced similarly. Fewer than three weeds per 30 m of row did not significantly reduce root yield. Reduction in root yield (Y) of sugarbeets caused by specific densities (X) of the three broadleaf weeds was predicted by using the linear equation Y = 1.64 + 1.88 X. The actual reductions in yield were always less than the predicted reductions when this equation was tested against 36 weed control systems because the competitive ability of broadleaf weeds that were treated with herbicides, but not killed, was suppressed during the growing season. By harvest, broadleaf weeds present in weed-control-system plots weighed an average of 75 to 85% less than broadleaf weeds present in nontreated plots.

Control of Three Weed Species in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with an Electrical Discharge System

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilson ◽  
F. N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

An electrical discharge system (EDS) was evaluated in field studies conducted in 1977 through 1979 in western Nebraska for its ability to control weed escapes in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′). Nine weeks after sugarbeets were planted, kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] had attained a height above sugarbeets sufficient for EDS treatment. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) generally attained sufficient height above sugarbeets 11 and 13 weeks after sugarbeet planting. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced 40, 20, and 10% from competition by kochia, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed, respectively. Treatment of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters with EDS in some cases resulted in a reduction in weed height. The EDS treatments reduced the stand of all weeds 32, 39, and 47% for 1977, 1978, and 1979, respectively. Although the EDS treatments failed to kill many weeds, it did suppress the competitive ability of the three weeds to the extent that sugarbeet yields were higher in areas receiving EDS treatments than areas receiving no EDS treatment.

Weed Control in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) by Mixtures of Cycloate and Ethofumesate

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures

Response of weeds and sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L. ‘Mono Hy D2′) to preplanting treatments of mixtures of cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) and ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] was evaluated in five field studies. A mixture containing 1.7 kg/ha of each herbicide reduced the stand of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) 90%, green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] and yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.] 97 to 99%, kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] 64 to 77%, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) 82 to 99%. The response of weeds to preplanting applications of mixtures of cycloate and ethofumesate was independent of soil texture, whereas response of sugarbeets was dependent on soil texture. The herbicide mixtures significantly reduced the pre-thinning stand of sugarbeets and root and sucrose yields on two sandy loams, but not on a clay loam.

Absorption and Translocation of Pyrazon by Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frank ◽  
C. M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Sugar Beet Plant ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Pyrazon (5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone) was absorbed by the roots of both common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgarisL.) and translocated in an acropetal direction to all parts of the plant. Common lambsquarters plants accumulated greater amounts of3H-pyrazon per gram of tissue than did sugar beet plants and this was especially true of leaf tissues. Translocation into the leaves of both species occurred equally into mature and developing leaves. Neither basipetal nor acropetal translocation of pyrazon occurred following leaf applications of3H-pyrazon. Pyrazon accumulated in the leaves of common lambsquarters, but it was metabolized when absorbed into sugar beets. Roots, petioles, and leaf blades of beets rapidly metabolized pyrazon while only roots metabolized pyrazon in common lambsquarters. Selectivity of pyrazon appeared to be associated with the rate of metabolic breakdown occurring in the leaf. Accumulations occurred in the susceptible common lambsquarters plant while metabolism kept pace with uptake in the leaves of the tolerant sugar beet plant.

Control of Five Broadleaf Weeds in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Larry D. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
The Common ◽  
Vertical Roller

Field experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of applying glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] postemergence with a recirculating sprayer and a vertical roller for the control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.). Glyphosate was applied twice each year at 1.7 kg/ha with a recirculating sprayer in 1977 and 1978, or twice as a 20% (v/v) solution with a vertical-roller applicator in 1979. By harvest, 70 to 74% of the total population of treated common sunflower, kochia, and redroot pigweed, 61% of the common lambsquarters, and 30% of the velvetleaf was dead. Root yields in glyphosate-treated plots, when averaged over 3 yr, were increased 5800, 8500, 12 500, and 13400 kg/ha at densities of 6, 12, 18, and 24 broadleaf weeds (equal densities of common lambsquarters, kochia, and redroot pigweed)/30m of row, respectively. Where equal densities of common sunflower and velvetleaf competed with sugarbeets, root yields in glyphosate-treated plots, when averaged over 2 yr, were increased 4400, 11900, 11700, and 10700 kg/ha, respectively, at these same densities.

Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Interference in Spring Barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. Conn ◽  
Dana L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

The effect of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. #3CHEAL) density on spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Lidal’) was studied in a 2-yr field experiment near Fairbanks, AK. The data were fit to a rectangular hyperbola model. Common lambsquarters densities explained 74 to 75% of the variability in barley yield. The maximum yield loss attributable to common lambsquarters was 23% in 1982 and 36% in 1983.

The Basis for Selectivity of Root-Applied Ethofumesate in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Duncan ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Nutrient Culture

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C-ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) were studied as possible bases for selectivity of preemergence-applied ethofumesate. The sensitive redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters plants translocated more 14C-ethofumesate from nutrient culture to the leaf tissue than did the tolerant sugarbeet and common ragweed. The radioactivity was more highly concentrated in sugarbeet and common ragweed roots. The rapid metabolism of ethofumesate by sugarbeet and common ragweed, particularly that which accumulated in the leaf tissue, appeared related to tolerance.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

Halosulfuron and 2,4-D Mixtures' Effects on Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Isaacs ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Joe Toler
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Synergistic Response

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common lambsquarters to POST applications of halosulfuron–methyl plus 2,4-D admixtures and to investigate the effects of 2,4-D on the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of halosulfuron. In the greenhouse, halosulfuron at 0, 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 g ai/ha was applied alone and mixed with 2,4-D at 0, 17, 35, and 70 g ai/ha POST to 7.5- to 9-cm seedlings, and plant fresh weights were determined 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Halosulfuron alone did not control this weed, while fresh weights of common lambsquarters treated with 2,4-D declined hyperbolically as rates increased. A synergistic response for mixtures of these herbicides occurred, as observed fresh weights for all combinations were less than expected based on independent action and the calibrated marginal responses. In the laboratory, 7.5- to 9-cm seedlings were treated POST with commercially formulated halosulfuron at 9 and 18 g/ha and 2,4-D at 0, 70, and 140 g/ha, respectively, followed by foliar-applied14C-halosulfuron. Absorption of14C-halosulfuron increased with time, and absorption and translocation were not influenced by the addition of 2,4-D. Results from these studies inferred that halosulfuron and 2,4-D were generally synergistic on common lambsquarters and that mechanisms other than absorption, translocation, and metabolism may explain this response.

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