Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Management in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Sherman ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
Robert E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
On Farm

Greenhouse and on-farm tests were conducted in North Carolina in 1979 and 1980 to evaluate sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB) management in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. All postemergence herbicide applications gave better sicklepod control when applied following vernolate [S-dipropylthiocarbamate) preplant incorporated than when applied following alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] preemergence. This resulted from decreased fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons in the epicuticle of vernolate-treated sicklepod. When applied sequentially to vernolate, toxaphene (chlorinated camphene, 67 to 69% chlorine) plus an oil concentrate and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied postemergence to the first true-leaf stage of sicklepod resulted in 95 and 90% control, respectively. Linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied alone or as tank mixes with 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] provided greater than 90% sicklepod control when applied postemergence-directed to soybeans. Metribuzin was more injurious to soybeans than linuron.

Control of Woolly Croton (Croton capitatus) in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Driver ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted in 1981 to 1983 to evaluate selected herbicides for control of a natural infestation of woolly croton (Croton capitatusMichx. ♯ CVNCP) in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Ineffective woolly croton control was obtained with all preemergence herbicides evaluated. Early postemergence treatments of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} and lactofen {1-(carboethoxy)ethyl) 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate} provided excellent woolly croton control. Postdirected applications of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] applied at the V4 stage of soybean growth and tank mixes of cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, linuron [N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea], or metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] plus 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] applied at the V4 and repeated at the V6 stage of soybean growth also provided effective control.

Interactions of 2,4-DB, Acifluorfen, and Toxaphene Applied to Foliage of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Waldrop ◽  
Philip A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Interactions

The dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] combined with toxaphene (chlorinated camphene) or acifluorfen [5-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid] and toxaphene combined with acifluorfen at several rates each were applied in the greenhouse and field to sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.) to determine interactions. Toxaphene plus 2,4-DB treatments produced synergistic or additive responses in the greenhouse and in the field. Antagonistic or additive responses were observed with acifluorfen plus 2,4-DB treatments in the greenhouse, but not in the field. Acifluorfen plus toxaphene produced only additive responses in the greenhouse with synergistic interactions observed under field conditions.

Control of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Acifluorfen

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. Murphy ◽  
Billy J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Cowpea Plant

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied 7 days after cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] emergence (unifoliolate leaf stage) gave better control than later applications. Cowpea control was obtained with one acifluorfen application at 7 days after cowpea emergence in 1981, but in 1980 and 1982, applications at 7 and 14 days were necessary for acceptable control (> 80%). Acifluorfen reduced cowpea plant dry weights relative to the weedy control. A single application 7 days after emergence reduced cowpea plant growth more than one at 21 days after emergence. Of all times of application, the greatest soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] injury occurred when acifluorfen was applied at 7, 14, and 21 days after emergence, but seed yields were not reduced relative to the untreated weed-free control. There was no difference in response among three weedy cowpea cultivars to acifluorfen.

Bromoxynil for Control of Common Cocklebur and Wild Common Sunflower in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen ◽  
Richard Behrens ◽  
Dennis D. Warnes ◽  
Wallace W. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Selective Control

In preliminary greenhouse evaluations and then in field studies, common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) and wild common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were controlled by early postemergence applications of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil). Bromoxynil on young soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] caused temporary necrosis, retarded growth, and delayed maturity but did not reduce the stand of soybeans. Subsequent recovery and final yields of treated soybeans were such that selective control of common cocklebur and wild common sunflower appeared feasible. Treatments were applied as aqueous sprays over the tops of both the weeds and the crop. Rates of 140 or 196 g/ha were sufficient to control common cocklebur or wild common sunflower that was in the six true-leaf stage or smaller. In terms of soybean development, the optimum time for treatment appeared to be about the first trifoliolate stage.

Effect of 2,4-DB on Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Barker ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
Robert P. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Seed Yields

Field and greenhouse studies conducted in North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 evaluated the effect of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] on soybeans. In the field, 2,4-DB at and above 0.07 kg ae/ha reduced soybean shoot mass, leaf nitrogen levels, and nodule activity. Soybean seed yields were reduced by 2,4-DB at and above 0.07 kg/ha. In greenhouse studies, total nodule activity was reduced by 0.07 and 0.14 kg/ha of 2,4-DB. Soybeans treated with 2,4-DB at initiation of flowering (R1 stage) or when pods were 1.9 cm long (R4 stage) yielded progeny with visible injury symptoms. Seedling emergence was also reduced in progeny of soybeans.

Yield Response of Weed-Free Soybeans (Glycine max) to Injury from Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta ◽  
Lucinda A. Jackson ◽  
Delores Schutte Mason
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Early Crop ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Experiments were conducted over 4 yr to investigate the effects of four postemergence herbicides on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams 79’] yield under weed-free conditions. Bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, and naptalam/dinoseb {2-[(1-naphthalenylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid}/[2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] alone and in combination with 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] applied to soybeans at the V3 and V5 soybean growth stages caused early crop injury, but soybeans outgrew most of the injury by 21 days and there was no effect on yield. Bentazon plus 2,4-DB with or without adjuvant did not affect the yield of five soybean cultivars tested.

Germination of Texas Gourd (Cucurbita texana) and Its Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Steve A. Harrison ◽  
Marilyn McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Texana ◽  
Successful Control

Storage of intact Texas gourd [Cucurbita texana(A.) Gray] pepos for 21 days after harvest increased germination of seeds from pepos collected 15 to 47 days after flowering. Germination increased as day length decreased and as osmotic potential of germination media increased. Temperatures of 20, 25, and 30C resulted in 72, 93, and 99% germination, respectively. No seeds germinated at 10 or 40C. Seedling emergence decreased as planting depth increased, with no emergence from 12.5 cm. Control of Texas gourd in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was achieved with preemergence applications of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], metribuzin plus alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide], and oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4 (2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], with successful control partially dependent on soil and climatological conditions. Postemergence treatments that resulted in adequate control included applications of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene], and metribuzin plus 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] applied at an early soybean growth stage and repeated.

Control of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Sequential Applications of Mefluidide and Acifluorfen

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Glenn ◽  
Barbara J. Hook ◽  
Robert S. Peregoy ◽  
Thomas Wiepke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid

Single and sequential applications of mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} were evaluated in the field for velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯ ABUTH) and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. ♯ XANPE) control in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’]. Acifluorfen was applied at 0.4 or 0.6 kg ai/ha alone or 3, 5, or 7 days following application of 0.1 or 0.3 kg ai/ha mefluidide. Acifluorfen applied alone provided acceptable control of velvetleaf and common cocklebur in the two- and three-leaf stage of growth, but acifluorfen was not as effective when applied to weeds with five to eight true leaves. Sequential applications of mefluidide and acifluorfen often increased velvetleaf and common cocklebur control, compared to either herbicide applied alone.

scholarly journals Inheritance of True Leaf Stage Downy Mildew Resistance in Broccoli

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Claude E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
High Level

Downy mildew, incited by the biotrophic fungal parasite, Peronospora parasitica (Pers. Fr.) Fr., is one of the most destructive diseases of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) and other related crop species throughout the world. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most desirable control method because it provides a practical, long-term, and environmentally benign means of limiting damage from this disease. The commercial hybrid cultivar, Everest, has been shown previously to contain a high level of downy mildew resistance. Doubled-haploid (DH) lines developed from that hybrid were also shown to exhibit a similar, high level of resistance at the three- to four-leaf stage. To determine the mode of inheritance of this true leaf resistance, the resistant DH line was crossed to a susceptible line (derived from `Marathon') to produce an F1 hybrid. Subsequently, F2 and backcross (BC) populations were developed from the hybrid. In addition, a DH population of ≈100 lines was developed from the same F1 used to create the F2 and BC. All populations were evaluated for response to artificial inoculation with P. parasitica at the three- to four-leaf stage. F1 plants were resistant like the resistant parent and F2 populations segregated approximately nine resistant to seven susceptible. Using the resistant parent as recurrent parent, BC populations contained all resistant plants, while the BC to the susceptible parent fit a 1 resistant: 3 susceptible segregation ratio. These results can be explained by a model with two complementary dominant genes. This model was confirmed by the DH population that segregated ≈1:3, resistant to susceptible. Due to the dominant nature of this resistance, controlling genes should be easily incorporated into F1 hybrids and used commercially to prevent downy mildew.

Hoplolaimus columbus. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
North America ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Central America ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Hoplolaimus Columbus ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Hoplolaimus columbus Sher Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae Hosts: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), soyabean (Glycine max), and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Orissa, Pakistan, AFRICA, Egypt, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Trinidad and Tobago.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document