Interactions Between Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars and Selected Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Monks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Competition of weeds was characterized by determining the distance down the soybean row that a weed affects soybean biomass and yield. Field studies were conducted for 2 yr to compare competitive effects of common cocklebur, johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and tall morningglory on ‘Forrest’ and ‘Centennial’ soybeans. The weeds did not significantly reduce soybean biomass for 6 weeks after emergence. Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur, and tall morningglory had the greatest biomass by 6 weeks after emergence. However, only competition from common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth measurably reduced soybean biomass during the growing season. Biomass of Forrest and Centennial soybeans was reduced when these cultivars were growing within 12.5 and 50 cm of common cocklebur, respectively. Johnsongrass, sicklepod, and tall morningglory grew more slowly than the other weeds and had no measurable competitive effects on soybean biomass. Soybean competition reduced biomass of all weeds 90 to 97%. Soybean cultivar influenced the level and duration of competitiveness depending on the weed species present. Biomass of both soybean cultivars was reduced when they were growing within 50 cm of Palmer amaranth. Soybean seed yield was reduced when soybeans were growing within 25 cm of common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth and also when they were growing within 12.5 cm of tall morningglory. Sicklepod had no effect on soybean seed yield.

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Response to PPI Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Rotational Crop

Field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to evaluate soybean and rotational crop tolerance to PPI applications of chlorimuron (23 to 140 g ai/ha), clomazone (560 to 3360 g/ha), imazaquin (70 to 420 g/ha), and imazethapyr (53 to 310 g/ha). Soybean injury was evident only in 1989. Soybean height reduction 45 d after application increased linearly with increasing rates of chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. Chlorimuron at 140 g/ha and imazaquin at 420 g/ha reduced soybean height 120 d after planting. None of the herbicides influenced soybean density. Chlorimuron and imazaquin reduced soybean seed yield linearly as rates increased. None of the herbicides reduced subsequent wheat yield. Corn height reduction increased as the rate of imazaquin and imazethapyr increased. Imazethapyr and imazaquin caused 2 to 40% and 1 to 12% height reduction at 30 d after planting, respectively. Imazethapyr at 310 g/ha applied the previous year reduced corn height at 120 d after planting. There were no differences in corn density. Imazaquin and imazethapyr at 420 and 310 g/ha, respectively, applied the previous year reduced corn yield.

Joint Effects of Acifluorfen Applications and Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) Feeding on Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy M. Huckaba ◽  
Harold D. Coble ◽  
John W. Van Duyn
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Field studies were conducted during 1983 and 1984 to determine the single and interactive effects of trifluralin, soybean thrips, and the sodium salt of acifluorfen on soybean. Increased soybean injury was observed in 1983 when acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ai/ha was applied to soybeans infested with soybean thrips versus plants where soybean thrips were controlled. Soybean injury measured by percent defoliation and visual injury ratings was reduced when thrips were controlled versus soybeans where thrips were not controlled with carbaryl at 0.9 kg ai/ha in 1983. Soybean thrips alone did not reduce soybean seed yield in this study. Acifluorfen reduced soybean photosynthetic rate, shoot weight, root weight, and seed yield. Trifluralin had no effect on soybean growth parameters measured in this study.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Interference Between Soybeans (Glycine max) and Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Under Indiana Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Henry ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Over Time

The effects of interference between soybeans and common cocklebur were investigated. Common cocklebur interference reduced soybean growth at each of four sample dates during the growing season. The area of interference surrounding individual common cocklebur plants within the soybean row fluctuated over time with respect to intensity and spatial distribution. Soybean growth was significantly reduced up to 10 cm away from individual cocklebur plants at 6 weeks after planting (WAP), 30 cm at 8 WAP, 20 to 30 cm at 10 WAP, and 40 cm at 12 WAP. The maximum possible distance of cocklebur influence, determined by regression analysis, also varied during the growing season. When areas of interference from adjacent cocklebur plants overlapped, the cumulative influence was found to be additive, especially late in the growing season. Soybean interference caused a 50 to 90% reduction in the size of common cocklebur plants grown within the soybean row compared to plants grown without interference. At harvest, soybean yield was reduced up to 40 to 50 cm within the row from individual cocklebur plants. The maximum distance of interference on one side of individual cocklebur plants was 75 cm. One cocklebur plant reduced soybean yield 16.0% within 1.5 m of soybean row as the result of full-season interference. Interference of common cocklebur plants spaced 60 cm apart within the row overlapped and caused an additive reduction in soybean seed yield. Across all cocklebur treatments, there was a consistent ratio of approximately 1 kg/ha loss in soybean seed yield for each 4 kg/ha of cocklebur herbage produced.

Mutual Influences of Seedling Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), and Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Sims ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate competitive effects of johnsongrass and sicklepod on growth and yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybeans. Johnsongrass reduced soybean growth early in the growing season. Sicklepod was competitive all season, but competitiveness was greatest during the soybean reproductive stage. Soybean yields were reduced 31% by sicklepod, 14% by johnsongrass, and 36% by both weeds growing together. Nonirrigated soybeans yielded less than irrigated, but percent yield reductions were similar. Johnsongrass dry matter production and seed yield were reduced more than sicklepod by soybean interference. Soybean and sicklepod interference reduced johnsongrass seed production 73 to 95%. Johnsongrass produced 245 to 1238 seeds per plant when interfering with soybeans and sicklepod. Sicklepod seeds per plant were reduced 6 to 31% by johnsongrass interference and 47 to 75% by soybeans and soybeans plus johnsongrass.

Herbicide Efficacy on FourAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Sweat ◽  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Randy W. Lloyd ◽  
John E. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Kansas to determine the efficacy of 21 herbicide treatments for control of tumble pigweed, Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and two biotypes of common waterhemp in soybean. In field studies, nine of eleven preemergence treatments controlled all four species 90% or more. However, pendimethalin and trifluralin controlled Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and tumble pigweed less than the other preplant incorporated and preemergence treatments. With the exception of flumiclorac and NAF-75, postemergence treatments controlled 75 to 90% of all four species. A biotype of common waterhemp collected in Iowa was not controlled by acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse results were similar to field experiments. Results suggest at least 90% control of theseAmaranthusspecies is possible with proper herbicide selection.

Venice Mallow Competition in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Eaton ◽  
K. C. Feltner ◽  
O. G. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum

Competition studies were conducted with soybeansGlycine max.(L.) Merr. ‘Clark 63’ and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.). One Venice mallow per 7.5 cm of soybean row reduced soybean seed yield 632 kg/ha after 85 days competition. Thirty to 40-cm weed bands in and between soybean rows reduced yields 270 to 651 kg/ha with 35 to 40 days of competition. A natural stand of 215 Venice mallow plants per square meter reduced soybean yield 454 kg/ha after 30 days of competition, and competition up to 110 days reduced yield as much as 1490 kg/ha. Weed competition affected the number of pods per soybean plant more than any other seed-yield component, and soybean height was reduced. Soybean yields were reduced more when soil moisture was abundant early in the growing season and limited in late summer than when moisture was limited early in the growing season and above average until soybeans matured.

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Imazaquin and Metribuzin Combinations

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Etheridge ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Gregory S. Stapleton ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Yield Responses

Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate sicklepod control with combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin at lower than normal use rates. Soybean was seeded in late-May to early-June each year and imazaquin and metribuzin were applied PPI alone at 0.75 and 1x and 0.5, 0.75, and 1x their registered rates, respectively, and in factorial combinations of their 0.5 and 0.75x rates. The registered (1x) rates for imazaquin and metribuzin on this soil type are 0.14 and 0.43 kg/ha, respectively. Several standard sequential treatments and flumetsulam + trifluralin PPI at 0.06 + 0.70 and 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha were included for comparison. Sicklepod control and soybean seed yield responses differed between 1993 and 1994. In 1993, the combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin averaged 90% control 6 wk after planting (WAP) and soybean seed yield increased 75% compared to the untreated check. Imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.5x rate was as effective as any treatment evaluated. In 1994, sicklepod control was generally lower with all treatments. Soybean seed yield was reduced due to sicklepod interference with soil-applied treatments alone. However, imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.75x rate provided sicklepod control levels and reductions in weed biomass similar to those observed with flumetsulam + trifluralin at 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha and the sequential treatments, and increased soybean seed yield 19% compared to the untreated check.

Interference of Certain Broadleaf Weed Species in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Shurtleff ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted in 1979, 1980, and 1981 to determine the level of interference five broadleaf weed species exert on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Weed species studied were common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. ♯ XANST), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemesiifoliaL. ♯ AMBEL), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. ♯ CHEAL), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯ CASOB), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. ♯ AMARE). The following soybean seed yield reductions were observed with a density of 16 weeds/10-m row: redroot pigweed 22%, common lambsquarters 15%, common ragweed 12%, and sicklepod 5%, respectively. At a density of 8 weeds/10-m row, common cocklebur reduced soybean yield 11%. No single weed growth parameter predicted soybean seed yield reduction for all weed species. Soybean height was reduced by sicklepod competition; was not affected by competition from common lambsquarters, common ragweed, or common cocklebur; and was increased in the presence of redroot pigweed at 12 weeks after planting, when measured 30 cm from the weeds. Leaf area of soybean was higher at greater distances from the weed for all weed species. The range of soybean leaf area reductions occasioned by proximity to individual weed species corresponded fairly well with differences in soybean yield reduction.

Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Miller ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Trevor E. Kraus ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Miller, R. T., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Kraus, T. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1319–1328. Six field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009 and 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the sensitivity of 12 glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars to saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE). The level of crop injury was dependent on environmental conditions shortly after application. When soybean emergence was delayed due to cool, wet conditions following planting, 52 and 59 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in 10% injury 1 wk after emergence (WAE) in cultivars OAC Hanover and RCAT Matrix, respectively. In the other environments, greater than 200 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil was required to induce the same level of injury at 1 WAE. Injury decreased with time; however, the more sensitive soybean cultivars were unable to recover from early-season injury sustained under adverse environmental conditions. A hydroponic bioassay was developed to screen differences in soybean tolerance to saflufenacil. OAC Hanover was more sensitive than all the other cultivars in both field and hydroponic testing (P<0.05). OAC Hanover yield was reduced regardless of environmental conditions. Under cool, wet conditions, 22 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in a 10% yield reduction, while 46 g a.i. ha−1 was needed under warm dry conditions. All other cultivars required between 82 and 146 g a.i. ha−1 to obtain the same level of yield reduction. This research demonstrates that there is a difference in soybean cultivar sensitivity to saflufenacil applied PRE.

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