Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Response to PPI Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Rotational Crop

Field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to evaluate soybean and rotational crop tolerance to PPI applications of chlorimuron (23 to 140 g ai/ha), clomazone (560 to 3360 g/ha), imazaquin (70 to 420 g/ha), and imazethapyr (53 to 310 g/ha). Soybean injury was evident only in 1989. Soybean height reduction 45 d after application increased linearly with increasing rates of chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. Chlorimuron at 140 g/ha and imazaquin at 420 g/ha reduced soybean height 120 d after planting. None of the herbicides influenced soybean density. Chlorimuron and imazaquin reduced soybean seed yield linearly as rates increased. None of the herbicides reduced subsequent wheat yield. Corn height reduction increased as the rate of imazaquin and imazethapyr increased. Imazethapyr and imazaquin caused 2 to 40% and 1 to 12% height reduction at 30 d after planting, respectively. Imazethapyr at 310 g/ha applied the previous year reduced corn height at 120 d after planting. There were no differences in corn density. Imazaquin and imazethapyr at 420 and 310 g/ha, respectively, applied the previous year reduced corn yield.

Joint Effects of Acifluorfen Applications and Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) Feeding on Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy M. Huckaba ◽  
Harold D. Coble ◽  
John W. Van Duyn
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Field studies were conducted during 1983 and 1984 to determine the single and interactive effects of trifluralin, soybean thrips, and the sodium salt of acifluorfen on soybean. Increased soybean injury was observed in 1983 when acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ai/ha was applied to soybeans infested with soybean thrips versus plants where soybean thrips were controlled. Soybean injury measured by percent defoliation and visual injury ratings was reduced when thrips were controlled versus soybeans where thrips were not controlled with carbaryl at 0.9 kg ai/ha in 1983. Soybean thrips alone did not reduce soybean seed yield in this study. Acifluorfen reduced soybean photosynthetic rate, shoot weight, root weight, and seed yield. Trifluralin had no effect on soybean growth parameters measured in this study.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Tolerance to Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Ellery L. Knake
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Rotational Crop

Tolerances of soybean and rotational crops wheat and corn to chlorimuron (0.02 to 0.14 kg ai ha–1), clomazone (0.56 to 3.36 kg ha–1), imazaquin (0.07 to 0.42 kg ha–1) and imazethapyr (0.05 to 0.31 kg ha–1) were evaluated in field studies. No visible soybean injury was observed. No reduction in soybean population, height, or yield occurred from the use of these herbicides, in 1986 or 1987. Differences in wheat yields among treatments were not significant in 1987 or 1988. Corn population, number of ears, ear weight, or yield were not different.

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Imazaquin and Metribuzin Combinations

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Etheridge ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Gregory S. Stapleton ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Yield Responses

Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate sicklepod control with combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin at lower than normal use rates. Soybean was seeded in late-May to early-June each year and imazaquin and metribuzin were applied PPI alone at 0.75 and 1x and 0.5, 0.75, and 1x their registered rates, respectively, and in factorial combinations of their 0.5 and 0.75x rates. The registered (1x) rates for imazaquin and metribuzin on this soil type are 0.14 and 0.43 kg/ha, respectively. Several standard sequential treatments and flumetsulam + trifluralin PPI at 0.06 + 0.70 and 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha were included for comparison. Sicklepod control and soybean seed yield responses differed between 1993 and 1994. In 1993, the combinations of imazaquin + metribuzin averaged 90% control 6 wk after planting (WAP) and soybean seed yield increased 75% compared to the untreated check. Imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.5x rate was as effective as any treatment evaluated. In 1994, sicklepod control was generally lower with all treatments. Soybean seed yield was reduced due to sicklepod interference with soil-applied treatments alone. However, imazaquin + metribuzin at their respective 0.75x rate provided sicklepod control levels and reductions in weed biomass similar to those observed with flumetsulam + trifluralin at 0.07 + 0.95 kg/ha and the sequential treatments, and increased soybean seed yield 19% compared to the untreated check.

Interactions Between Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars and Selected Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Monks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Competition of weeds was characterized by determining the distance down the soybean row that a weed affects soybean biomass and yield. Field studies were conducted for 2 yr to compare competitive effects of common cocklebur, johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and tall morningglory on ‘Forrest’ and ‘Centennial’ soybeans. The weeds did not significantly reduce soybean biomass for 6 weeks after emergence. Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur, and tall morningglory had the greatest biomass by 6 weeks after emergence. However, only competition from common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth measurably reduced soybean biomass during the growing season. Biomass of Forrest and Centennial soybeans was reduced when these cultivars were growing within 12.5 and 50 cm of common cocklebur, respectively. Johnsongrass, sicklepod, and tall morningglory grew more slowly than the other weeds and had no measurable competitive effects on soybean biomass. Soybean competition reduced biomass of all weeds 90 to 97%. Soybean cultivar influenced the level and duration of competitiveness depending on the weed species present. Biomass of both soybean cultivars was reduced when they were growing within 50 cm of Palmer amaranth. Soybean seed yield was reduced when soybeans were growing within 25 cm of common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth and also when they were growing within 12.5 cm of tall morningglory. Sicklepod had no effect on soybean seed yield.

Soybean (Glycine max) Tolerance to Simulated Drift of Nicosulfuron and Primisulfuron

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Bailey ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Reduced Height

Soybean response to simulated drift of the corn herbicides nicosulfuron and primisulfuron applied POST at 10 to 50% (3.5 to 17.4 and 4.0 to 20.2 g ai ha−1, respectively) of the total rates at the V3 and R1 growth stages was evaluated in field studies in 1991 and 1992. Primisulfuron reduced soybean height and increased leaf chlorosis, cupping, and necrosis more than nicosulfuron with both applications at all five rates. The symptoms of injury caused by both herbicides often increased linearly with increasing rate. At 50% of label rate, primisulfuron reduced height 75% and decreased yield 58%. Nicosulfuron reduced soybean height as much as 27%, but did not reduce seed yield either year. Height reduction, leaf chlorosis, cupping, and necrosis were correlated with yield loss caused by primisulfuron.

Weed Control with Reduced Rates of Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin and Imazethapyr in No-Till Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to combinations of glyphosate, metolachlor, 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied prior to planting (PP), and 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of imazethapyr applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail densities were reduced with sequential PP followed by (fb) EPOST or POST treatments. Large crabgrass was reduced equivalently with all herbicide combinations involving chlorimuron plus metribuzin PP fb imazethapyr. Common cocklebur control was variable but was usually greater with treatments that included imazethapyr. Ivyleaf morningglory densities were not reduced with any herbicide combinations. Sequential PP fb EPOST or POST treatments tended to provide slightly better weed suppression than PP-only treatments, but the difference was rarely significant. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 X rates were usually equal to 1 X rates.

Weed control with reduced rates of imazaquin and imazethapyr in no-till narrow-row soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. DeFelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to metolachlor plus combinations of 0.5 × and 1 × label rates of imazaquin applied preplant and imazethapyr applied early postemergence or postemergence in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail, common ragweed, common cocklebur, and large crabgrass population reductions were greater with sequential preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin followed by early postemergence or postemergence imazethapyr than with preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin or early postemergence/postemergence imazethapyr alone. Ivyleaf morningglory was not effectively controlled by any herbicide program. Pennsylvania smartweed populations were reduced with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 × rates were usually equal to 1 × rates if imazethapyr was applied early postemergence or postemergence. Net income with reduced herbicide rates was equal to full-label rates and provided no greater risk to net income.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Competition in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane P. Rathmann ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Soybean Yield

The effects of various densities and durations of wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) competition in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Evans’] were determined in the field during a 2-yr period. Season-long competition by densities of 1, 3,9, and 30 wild oat plants/m of row reduced soybean seed yield an average of 6, 17, 32, and 51%, respectively. An infestation of 30 wild oat plants/m of row did not reduce soybean yield if the period of competition was limited to 4 weeks after crop emergence; however, yields were reduced 29, 50, 63, 58, and 63% when wild oat competed for 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks, or season long, respectively. Wild oat competition reduced soybean pods per plant and seeds per plant more than seeds per pod or seed weight.

Effect of Imazaquin and Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Use

Three experiments evaluated sicklepod interference with soybean with and without preplant incorporated applications of chlorimuron plus metribuzin or imazaquin. Sicklepod density, weed-free period, and weedy period were examined. In the absence of herbicides, soybean seed yield was reduced with 2 sicklepod plants row m-1, whereas 8 plants row m-1were necessary to reduce yield when herbicides were used. Herbicide use also increased soybean yield at higher sicklepod densities. Chlorimuron plus metribuzin reduced sicklepod dry matter at 8 plants row m-1. To maintain soybean yield, a weed-free period of 4 wk after emergence was required, regardless of treatment. Both herbicide treatments resulted in increased soybean yield at the zero and two wk weed-free periods; however, they did not affect soybean yield when the weed-free period was 4 wk or more. Imazaquin reduced sicklepod density when plots were left weedy full-season, and further reductions were noted with chlorimuron plus metribuzin. A sicklepod weedy interval of 8 wk reduced soybean yield when untreated, but either herbicide treatment extended that interval to 16 wk.

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