Combinations of Herbicides and other Pesticides on Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Vigor

The growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings was retarded when treated with either methyl 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoate (amiben methyl ester) or α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) when compared with soybeans treated with either 3-[-p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea linuron. Seedling growth of soybeans also was retarded when treated with amiben methyl ester alone or applied in combination with O,O-diethyl S[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate (disulfoton). Insecticides did not influence growth of soybeans. Linuron applied in combination with O,O-diethyl S-[(ethyl-thio)methyl] phosphorodithioate (phorate). or methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy] thioacetimidate (methomyl) and amiben ester applied in combination with phorate produced significantly lower seedling vigor during only 1 year than when each pesticide was applied alone. Soybean stands were significantly lower only in 1 year when linuron was applied in combination with methomyl. None of the pesticides applied alone or in combination caused significant differences in date of maturity, lodging, seed yield, seed size, or seed quality during either year.

scholarly journals Size Variability in Seed Lot Impact Seed Nutritional Balance, Seedling Vigor, Microbial Composition and Plant Performance of Common Corn Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Saveetha Kandasamy ◽  
Nimalka Weerasuriya ◽  
Daniella Gritsiouk ◽  
Greg Patterson ◽  
Soledad Saldias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Microbial Profile

Soils with highly uniform textural, physical, and chemical characteristics still give rise to crop stand variability. Seed quality is one of the factors adding to yield variability and has become a concern for corn growers. Hybrid seed producers claim that their seeds provide a uniformity in crop emergence and productivity, but they do not always provide detailed studies to support this claim. Based on growers’ concerns, we examined fields planted with three different hybrid varieties and found that 25% to 50% of the stand had relatively weak vigor, where seed variety A showed 15% of seedlings with lower vigor, and varieties B and C had 30% of seedlings with low vigor. These apparent differences in plant vigor prompted us to initiate a cursory investigation to identify how seed size influenced seedling vigor and if the seedling’s microbial profile played a role in the early growth stages of three commonly grown corn hybrids in Ontario. Seeds were separated based on size, prior to conducting a growth room study. Different sizes of seeds from the same seed lot showed significant differences in vigor capacity and related biometric components. Significant differences were also found in their nutritional composition and microbial profiles within the different seed sizes and the roots and shoots of seedlings derived from such seeds. The results clearly indicate that seed size greatly impacts the plant growth and its microbiome, resulting in seedlings with different plant vigor, microbiomes, and performance.

scholarly journals Impact of seed size on seeds viability, vigor and storability of Hordeum vulgare (L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
The Impact

Seed size may influence seed germination, and seedling vigor. Few investigations are available about the effect of seed size on barley seedling vigor in Jordan. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of seed size on germination percentage, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index, and germination percentage after accelerated aging in barley. Three seed sizes i.e. large, medium, and small (having diameter of > 2.75 millimeter, 2.5 - 2.75 millimeter, and less than 2.5 millimeter, respectively) were tested in the experiment. Seed quality for different seed size categories was evaluated in the laboratory by measuring seed germination, germination after accelerated aging, as well seedling dry weight and vigor index. Results showed significant differences for large seeds in germination percentages, seedling dry weight and vigor index. It may be concluded that large seed size of barley showed best quality.

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE AND HARVEST METHOD ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE BEAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY ABLETT
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Harvest Method

Kentwood white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was sown at three seeding rates in narrow rows for 4 yr With direct-harvesting, yields increased as seeding rates increased up to 64 seeds m−2, whereas, with hand-harvesting seed yield was not affected. Seed quality was superior in the direct-harvested plots; however, yield was lower. Seed size was not affected.Key words: White bean, narrow-row, yield, seed quality

scholarly journals The Effect of Seed Weight on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imam Surya ◽  
◽  
Suluh Normasiwi ◽  
Lily Ismaini ◽  
Vandra Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Seedling Plant ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Loquat, a fruit crops, has been naturalized in Indonesia. Moreover, seed quality is an important factor for generative propagation of loquat. Based on field observation, there was variation on seed size of loquat. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of seed size on the germination and seedling growth of loquat. This research was compiled using a Randomized Complete Design with four different seed groups as treatments. The loquat seeds were obtained from Danau Toba region and grouped based on the weight of seeds, i.e. Grade I (<0.6 g), Grade II (0.6 - <0.9 g), Grade III (0.9 - 1.2 g) and Grade IV (> 1.2 g). Percentage of germination, abnormal seedling, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight of plant were observed during experiment. The results showed that seed size affected all the observed parameters, except the roots length. In order to obtain the high quality seedling of loquat, suggested to use loquat seed with seed weight more than 1.2 g.

scholarly journals Influence of seed dimorphism and provenance on seed morphology, dispersal, germination and seedling growth of Brachyscome ciliaris (Asteraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Aleman ◽  
Manfred Jusaitis ◽  
Joan Gibbs ◽  
Phillip Ainsley ◽  
Fleur Tiver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Seed Provenance ◽  
Dispersal Characteristics

Brachyscome ciliaris is a floriferous Australian native daisy, with potential for use as a horticultural species. The species is hardy and seeds are relatively easy to germinate, but it is unique within the Brachyscome genus in that seeds are distinctly dimorphic. Within a fruiting capitulum, ray seeds are smooth and narrow with a minute pappus, whereas disc seeds have broad flat wings with curled hairs and a longer pappus than that of ray seeds. Both seed morphs, collected from five populations of the species, were tested to determine differences in their morphology, germination speed and percentage, seedling growth and wind-dispersal characteristics. Ray seeds were generally lighter and smaller than disc seeds and their length varied significantly with provenance. Dormancy levels of the two seed morphs and growth of ray- and disc-derived seedlings did not differ significantly, but differences were significant among the five populations tested. Seeds germinated readily, and germination was optimal under winter or summer conditions and lower in spring or autumn. Seed production by plants raised from ray or disc seeds was identical, but Noora-sourced plants yielded more seed than did plants sourced from the other provenances tested. Seed size, germination and plant growth of B. ciliaris varied significantly among populations. Winged disc seeds were dispersed slightly further by wind than were wingless ray seeds. We concluded that dormancy, germination and seed-yield characteristics of B. ciliaris were all influenced more by seed provenance than by seed morph (ray or disc).

Mineral concentrations in soybean seed produced under high day and night temperature

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Gibson ◽  
R. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Environmental stress during reproductive growth can alter the mineral composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, which can affect nutritional value, functional quality, and seed quality. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different combinations of day and night temperatures during reproductive growth on the final mineral concentrations in soybean seed. Day/night temperatures of 30/20, 30/30, 35/20, and 35/30°C were imposed during flowering and pod set (R1 to R5), seed fill and maturation (R5 to R8), and during the entire reproductive growth period (R1 to R8). The soybean seed was harvested at maturity and analyzed for elemental concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, B, Cu, Zn, Al, and Na. Calcium and Mn declined and Na increased as mean day temperature during R1-R5 increased from 30 to 35°C. Phosphorus, K, Ca, and Mg became more concentrated in the seed with increased temperature during R5 to R8. The concentration of several minerals was increased by temperature treatments during R1 to R8. The exceptions were Mg and Fe, which declined, and Mn and Al, which were unchanged. Phosphorus, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations were negatively correlated with seed size. Concentrations of these minerals in seed may be greater in soybean grown in high temperature environments that limit seed size. The changes in mineral concentrations resulting from high temperature may alter soybean nutritional quality and modify its end-use properties for oil processing and tofu production. Key words: Soybean, Glycine max, mineral composition, temperature

scholarly journals Relationship Between Plant Density and Fruit and Seed Production in Muskmelon

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Nerson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
High Seed Yield

Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to examine the effects of plant density on yield and quality of fruit and seeds of muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.). Two open-pollinated cultivars, Noy Yizre'el (Ha'Ogen type) and TopMark (western U.S. shipper type), were grown at plant densities ranging from 0.5 to 16.0 plants/m2 under commercial conditions. The highest marketable fruit yields were achieved with plant densities of 2 to 4 plants/m2. In contrast, the highest seed yields were obtained at 8 to 12 plants/m2. Seed yield index [seed yield (g)/fruit yield (kg)] was used as a parameter to define seed production efficiency. High seed yield was closely related to high value of the seed yield index. High seed yield indexes resulted from high plant densities (up to 12 plants/m2), at which the crops produced many, but relatively small fruit. In all cases, the seed yield per fruit (seed number and seed size) increased with increasing fruit weight. However, the sum of the seed yield of two small fruit was always greater than the seed yield of one, double-sized fruit. There was a clear exception with extremely small fruit (<500 g), which produced both low seed yields and poor seed quality. A positive relationship was found between fruit size and seed size in both cultivars. Nevertheless, relatively small seeds (25 to 30 mg) extracted from relatively small fruit (500 to 1000 g) showed the best performance in terms of germination and emergence percentages and rates, and in the vegetative development vigor of the seedlings.

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