Plant Succession Following Control of Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) with Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Evans ◽  
James A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Dead Tree ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Litter Accumulation ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Tree Canopies

A 7-yr study was conducted to investigate successional dynamics of herbaceous vegetation after control of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalisHook.) trees with picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) pellets. Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) rapidly dominated areas under dead tree canopies with an accompanying yield increase from almost none to about 1400 kg/ha within 4 yr after treatment. In the interstitial zone between tree canopies, a dramatic shift in herbaceous species occurred with tree control. Annual broadleaf species decreased, downy brome increased, and medusahead [Taeniatherum asperum(Sim.) Nevski # ELYCM] gradually became dominant. Total yield of herbaceous vegetation in the interstitial zone increased dramatically after picloram treatment, especially where few shrubs occurred. Available soil moisture, litter accumulation and decay after picloram treatment, and N in the surface layer of the soil affected responses of herbaceous vegetation, especially under dead tree canopies. Responses of annual weedy species to western juniper control emphasize the need for comprehensive manipulation of all components of the vegetation when range improvement is attempted.

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
S. Smoliak ◽  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
A. T. H. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Better Than

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.

Effects of fuel morphology on ember generation characteristics at the tree scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Tyler R. Hudson ◽  
Ryan B. Bray ◽  
David L. Blunck ◽  
Wesley Page ◽  
Bret Butler
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Spot Fires

This work reports characteristics of embers generated by torching trees and seeks to identify the important physical and biological factors involved. The size of embers, number flux and propensity to ignite spot fires (i.e. number flux of ‘hot’ embers) are reported for several tree species under different combinations of number (one, three or five) and moisture content (11–193%). Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), grand fir (Abies grandis), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees were evaluated. Embers were collected on an array of fire-resistant fabric panels and trays filled with water. Douglas-fir trees generated the highest average ember flux per kilogram of mass loss during torching, whereas grand fir trees generated the highest ‘hot’ ember flux per kilogram of mass loss. Western juniper produced the largest fraction of ‘hot’ embers, with ~30% of the embers generated being hot enough to leave char marks. In contrast, only 6% of the embers generated by ponderosa pine were hot enough to leave char marks. Results from this study can be used to help understand the propensity of different species of tree to produce embers and the portion of embers that may be hot enough to start a spot fire.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Grafting on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Water Use Efficiency of a Hydroponic Sweet Pepper Crop

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ropokis ◽  
Georgia Ntatsi ◽  
Constantinos Kittas ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽  
Dimitrios Savvas
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

In areas characterized by mild winter climate, pepper is frequently cultivated in unheated greenhouses in which the temperature during the winter may drop to suboptimal levels. Under low temperature (LT) conditions, the uptake of nutrients may be altered in a different manner than that of the water and thus their uptake ratio, known as uptake concentration, may be different than in greenhouses with standard temperature (ST) conditions. In the present study, pepper plants of the cultivars “Sammy” and “Orangery”, self-grafted or grafted onto two commercial rootstocks (“Robusto” and “Terrano”), were cultivated in a greenhouse under either ST or LT temperature conditions. The aim of the study was to test the impact of grafting and greenhouse temperature on total yield, water use efficiency, and nutrient uptake. The LT regime reduced the yield by about 50% in “Sammy” and 33% in “Orangery”, irrespective of the grafting combination. Grafting of “Sammy” onto both “Robusto” and “Terrano” increased the total fruit yield by 39% and 34% compared with the self-grafted control, while grafting of “Orangery” increased the yield only when the rootstock was “Terrano”. The yield increase resulted exclusively from enhancement of the fruit number per plant. Both the water consumption and the water use efficiency were negatively affected by the LT regime, however the temperature effect interacted with the rootstock/scion combination. The LT increased the uptake concentrations (UC) of K, Ca, Mg, N, and Mn, while it decreased strongly that of P and slightly the UC of Fe and Zn. The UC of K and Mg were influenced by the rootstock/scion combination, however this effect interacted with the temperature regime. In contrast, the Ca, N, and P concentrations were not influenced by the grafting combination. The results of the present study show that the impact of grafting on yield and nutrient uptake in pepper depend not merely on the rootstock genotype, however on the rootstock/scion combination.

scholarly journals Assessing the Carbon Consequences of Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Encroachment Across Oregon, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Campbell ◽  
Robert E. Kennedy ◽  
Warren B. Cohen ◽  
Richard F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis

CONTROL OF THE ENGLISH GRAIN APHID [SITOBION AVENAE (F.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THE OAT-BIRDCHERRY APHID [RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.)] (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WINTER CEREALS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Neil ◽  
S.O. Gaul ◽  
K.B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Aphid Control

AbstractSeasonal abundance of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was monitored in Nova Scotia winter wheat plots. Rhopalosiphum padi was the more common aphid species during "heading out." Winter wheat cultivars differed in their resistance to R. padi development; the highest reproductive rate was on ’Absolvent.’ The effect of chemicals used in intensive cereal management on R. padi and Coccinella septempunctata (L.) was assessed. Dimethoate and carbaryl caused similar high mortality to both insects, but pirimicarb was more toxic to the aphid than to its predator. Over a 2-year period, field plots that received regular pirimicarb treatments for selective aphid control early in the growing season showed a 9% increase in wheat yield, compared with the checks and plots that received carbaryl. Wheat yield increased 18% when pirimicarb was used later in the season; when applied in both periods, pirimicarb gave a total yield increase of nearly 30%. Late applications of carbaryl alone, or in combination with pirimicarb, increased yields by only 9% over the controls. Half of the yield increase (18% vs. 9%) with late season control by pirimicarb was lost with the addition of carbaryl, which minimized the C. septempunctata population for nonselective insect control. Rhopalosiphum padi numbers from June 20 to July 15 had the greatest impact on yield in these plots, and natural control agents including C. septempunctata accounted for a 9% increase in yield.

scholarly journals Utilization of the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) in strandboards to improve the decay resistance

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3886-3894
Author(s):  
Tomáš Pipíška ◽  
Jed Cappellazzi ◽  
Scott Leavengood ◽  
Frederick A. Kamke ◽  
Gerald Presley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Bond ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine

Naturally durable wood species such as western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) are a potential source of bio-based wood preservatives for the improvement of non-durable timber species. This research investigated the durability of southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.) and western juniper lumber or strandboard. Single layer panels were made with six different types of wood or wood treatments: southern yellow pine, mixed juniper sapwood and heartwood, sapwood, heartwood, sapwood strands impregnated with juniper oil prior to and after panel manufacturing. Panels were fabricated with 560 kg/m3 oven-dry density with 5% of PF resin and 0.5% of wax. Durability testing was performed with the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta and the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Internal bond as a crucial parameter of OSB was measured. Tests revealed that juniper heartwood and juniper heartwood strandboards were highly decay resistant, and juniper oil pre- and post-impregnation strandboard manufacture imparted increased resistance to decay against one brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum. Juniper strandboard manufactured from non-impregnated strands showed significantly higher internal bond than pine. These results suggest there is excellent potential for manufacturing highly decay-resistant OSB from juniper, especially from heartwood and that juniper oil can increase the durability of juniper sapwood strandboard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document