Utilization of the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) in strandboards to improve the decay resistance

Naturally durable wood species such as western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) are a potential source of bio-based wood preservatives for the improvement of non-durable timber species. This research investigated the durability of southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.) and western juniper lumber or strandboard. Single layer panels were made with six different types of wood or wood treatments: southern yellow pine, mixed juniper sapwood and heartwood, sapwood, heartwood, sapwood strands impregnated with juniper oil prior to and after panel manufacturing. Panels were fabricated with 560 kg/m3 oven-dry density with 5% of PF resin and 0.5% of wax. Durability testing was performed with the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta and the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Internal bond as a crucial parameter of OSB was measured. Tests revealed that juniper heartwood and juniper heartwood strandboards were highly decay resistant, and juniper oil pre- and post-impregnation strandboard manufacture imparted increased resistance to decay against one brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum. Juniper strandboard manufactured from non-impregnated strands showed significantly higher internal bond than pine. These results suggest there is excellent potential for manufacturing highly decay-resistant OSB from juniper, especially from heartwood and that juniper oil can increase the durability of juniper sapwood strandboard.

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Properties of the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) strandboard

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.2853-2860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 2853-2860

Author(s):

Tomáš Pipíška ◽

Scott Leavengood ◽

Frederick A. Kamke ◽

Pavel Král

Keyword(s):

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Single Layer ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Control Panel ◽

Dry Density ◽

Density Level ◽

Western Juniper ◽

Juniperus Occidentalis ◽

Yellow Pine ◽

Southern Yellow Pine

This work investigated the feasibility of using western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) as a material to manufacture oriented strandboard (OSB) panels. Four different material combinations of juniper sapwood, heartwood, and fibrous bark were compared with regular southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.) strands. The OSB panels were made at an oven-dry density of 560 kg/m3. One pine control panel was also made at a higher density of 650 kg/m3 with a 5% addition of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and a 0.5% addition of wax. The single-layer panels were formed with a hot press, and the physical and mechanical properties were tested according to the ASTM standard D1037 (2020). The testing indicated that western juniper is a potential material for manufacturing of OSB panels. The properties of the juniper panels were equivalent or slightly better than those of the southern yellow pine panels at the same density level, except for the modulus of elasticity (MOE). The lower density of the juniper OSB panels may have benefits in construction applications and can decrease transportation costs.

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Fungal decay resistance of wood reacted with phosphorus pentoxide-amine system

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2004.048 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 311-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H.-L. Lee ◽

G.C. Chen ◽

R.M. Rowell

Keyword(s):

Brown Rot ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

Phosphorus Pentoxide ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽

Brown Rot Fungus ◽

Nitro Derivatives ◽

Amine System

Abstract Resistance of wood reacted in situ with phosphorus pentoxide-amine to the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was examined. Wood reacted with either octyl, tribromo, or nitro derivatives were more resistant to both fungi. Threshold retention values of phosphoramide-reacted wood to white-rot fungus T. versicolor ranged from 2.9 to 13.3 mmol, while these for brown-rot fungus G. trabeum ranged from 8.1 to 19.2 mmol. Wood reacted with phosphoramide tested to be more resistant to white-rot than brown-rot attack.

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The Impact of Paraffin-Thermal Modification of Beech Wood on Its Biological, Physical and Mechanical Properties

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10121102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ladislav Reinprecht ◽

Miroslav Repák

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Beech Wood ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Brown Rot ◽

European Beech ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Poria Placenta ◽

The Impact

The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood was thermally modified in the presence of paraffin at the temperatures of 190 or 210 °C for 1, 2, 3 or 4 h. A significant increase in its resistance to the brown-rot fungus Poria placenta (by 71.4%–98.4%) and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (by 50.1%–99.5%) was observed as a result of all modification modes. However, an increase in the resistance of beech wood surfaces to the mold Aspergillus niger was achieved only under more severe modification regimes taking 4 h at 190 or 210 °C. Water resistance of paraffin-thermally modified beech wood improved—soaking reduced by 30.2%–35.8% and volume swelling by 26.8%–62.9% after 336 h of exposure in water. On the contrary, its mechanical properties worsened—impact bending strength decreased by 17.8%–48.3% and Brinell hardness by 2.4%–63.9%.

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Iron and calcium translocation from pure gypsum and iron-amended gypsum by two brown rot fungi and a white rot fungus

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2008.125 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jonathan S. Schilling ◽

Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Woody Debris ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Irpex Lacteus ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Ca Oxalate ◽

Iron And Calcium

AbstractWood-degrading fungi commonly grow in contact with calcium (Ca)-containing building materials and may import Ca and iron (Fe) from soil into forest woody debris. For brown rot fungi, imported Ca2+may neutralize oxalate, while Fe3+may facilitate Fenton-based degradation mechanisms. We previously demonstrated, in two independent trials, that degradation of spruce by wood-degrading fungi was not promoted when Ca or Fe were imported from gypsum or metallic Fe, respectively. Here, we tested pine wood with lower endogenous Ca than the spruce blocks used in prior experiments, and included a pure gypsum treatment and one amended with 1% with FeSO4. Electron microscopy with microanalysis verified that brown rot fungiSerpula himantioidesandGloeophyllum trabeumand the white rot fungusIrpex lacteusgrew on gypsum and produced iron-free Ca-oxalate crystals away from the gypsum surface. Wood cation analysis verified significant Fe import by both brown rot isolates in Fe-containing treatments. Wood degradation was highest in Fe-gypsum-containing treatments for all three fungi, although only wood degraded byI. lacteushad significant Ca import. We suggest that Fe impurities may not exacerbate brown rot, and that both brown and white rot fungi may utilize Ca-containing materials.

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Ability of some species of fungi of the Basidiomycetes class to degrade cellulose and lignocellulose substrates

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1983.025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 323-330

Author(s):

Zdzisław Tagoński

Keyword(s):

Beech Wood ◽

Brown Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Wood Meal ◽

Fomes Fomentarius

Studies were carried-out on the ability of 18 strains of 15 white-rot and brown-rot basidiomycetons fungi to degrade wood components and to synthesize cellulolytic enzymes and laccase. 28,5% lignin and 26,1% carbohydrates of pine wood meal, 46,2% lignin and 67,8% carbohydrates of beech wood meal was degraded after 6 weeks incubation by the white-rot fungus Phanerochate chrysosporium. The highest activity of laccase was obtained in from fungi Coriotus zonatus and Fomes fomentarius.

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PROPRIEDADES BIOLÓGICAS DE PAINÉIS DE CASCA DE ARROZ E ADESIVO TANINO-FORMALDEÍDO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i5.5566 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joel Telles de Souza ◽

Clóvis Roberto Haselein ◽

Walmir Marques de Menezes ◽

Alencar Garlet ◽

Maiara Talgatti

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Trametes Versicolor ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Biological Properties ◽

White Rot ◽

Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽

Natural Form ◽

Decay Fungi

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as propriedades biológicas, por meio de ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado com fungos xilófagos, em chapas aglomeradas de casca de arroz (Oryza sativa L) coladas com adesivo à base de tanino-formaldeído. Para tanto, foram utilizadas casca de arroz na forma natural e processada em moinho de martelo, compactadas a diferentes massas específicas (0,65; 0,95 e 1,15 g.cm-³) e aplicando-se teores de adesivos de 7, 10 e 13%, totalizando 54 chapas. Os resultados de perda de massa foram submetidos ao teste de correlação simples de Pearson e analisados por regressão. De acordo com os requisitos da norma ASTM D-2017 (2005), os testes biológicos, para todos os tratamentos, foram classificados como resistentes ao fungo Trametes versicolor, podridão branca. Já para o fungo Gloeophyllum trabeum a maioria dos tratamentos foram classificados como moderadamente resistente. Portanto, a casca de arroz mostra-se como uma alternativa de elevado potencial para a manufatura de chapas de maior resistência aos fungos apodrecedores de madeiras.Palavras-chave: massa específica, correlação simples de Pearson, fungos apodrecedores. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURED WITH TANNIN-FORMALDEHYDE ABSTRACT:Resistance to decay fungi Trametes versicolor and Gloephyllum trabeum of panels produced with rice husk and tannin - formaldehyde adhesive was evaluated. In the production of the panels, rice hulls were used in its natural form or hammer milled, compacted at different densities (0.65, 0.95 and 1.15 g/cm³) and with adhesives levels of 7, 10 and 13 % (based on the ovendry weight of the particles. The results were submitted to the Pearson correlation test and analyzed by regression. According to the requirements of ASTM D- 2017 (2005), the biological tests for all treatments were classified as resistant to white rot ungus Trametes versicolor. For the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, most treatments were classified as moderately resistant. Therefore, rice husk can be a high potential alternative to for the manufacture of particleboards for greater resistance to decay wood fungi.Keywords: specific gravity, simple Pearson correlation, decay fungi.

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Outdoor Wood Mats-Based Engineering Composite: Influence of Process Parameters on Decay Resistance against Wood-Degrading Fungi Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13183173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 3173

Author(s):

Minzhen Bao ◽

Neng Li ◽

Yongjie Bao ◽

Jingpeng Li ◽

Hao Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Trametes Versicolor ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

Resin Content ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽

Influence Of Process Parameters

The process parameters significantly influence the preparation and final properties of outdoor wood mats-based engineering composite (OWMEC). During outdoor use, wood composites are susceptible to destruction by rot fungi. Herein, the role of process parameters such as density and resin content on OWMEC resistance to fungal decay was investigated. The poplar OWMEC samples were exposed to white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum for a period of 12 weeks. The chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology were evaluated to investigate the effect of process parameters on the chemical composition and microstructure of the decayed OWMEC. With an increase in the density and resin content, the mass loss of the decayed OWMEC decreased. The highest antifungal effect against T. versicolor (12.34% mass loss) and G. trabeum (19.43% mass loss) were observed at a density of 1.15 g/m3 and resin content of 13%. As results of the chemical composition and microstructure measurements, the resistance of OWMEC against T. versicolor and G. trabeum fungi was improved remarkably by increasing the density and resin content. The results of this study will provide a technical basis to improve the decay resistance of OWMEC in outdoor environments.

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Effects of Decay on the Mechanical Properties of Nailed Joints in Light Wood Frame Structure

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-20-00054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 46-57

Author(s):

Ying Gao ◽

Shiyi Mei ◽

Xingxia Ma ◽

Xinmiao Meng

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Maximum Load ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Correction Coefficient ◽

Loading Test ◽

Brown Rot Fungus ◽

The Impact ◽

Linear Decline

Abstract For this study, spruce–pine–fir (Picea–Pinus–Abies [SPF]) specification material, oriented strand board (OSB), and domestic twisted nails that were driven vertically and perpendicular-to-grain were selected. Referring to GB/T 13942.1-2009, nailed joints specimens were exposed both to white rot fungus and brown rot fungus for 1 month to 6 months. The monotonous loading test was applied to the specimens based on ASTM D1761-88. The holding power of the nails and weight loss of both OSB and SPF were investigated. Theoretical maximum load of the nailed joints was calculated according to Eurocode5. Results illustrated that the load, stiffness, and energy consumption of the nailed joints showed significant linear decline with the decay time. A linear decline of the ductility coefficient was not obvious, and there was no obvious difference between white rot fungus and brown rot fungus. Effect of decay on the OSB was much greater than the impact on the SPF. The decay grade of the nailed joints was established according to the linear relationship between weight loss and maximum load. Based on Eurocode5, the study calculated the maximum load of the nailed joints and introduced the correction coefficient γ to better predict the maximum load.

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Chemical composition and natural durability of juvenile and mature heartwood of Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011005000016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 1059-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

João V.F Latorraca ◽

Oliver Dünisch ◽

Gerald Koch

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Brown Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Natural Durability ◽

Forest Sites ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽

Heartwood Extractives

The aim of this study was to characterize the properties of juvenile and mature heartwood of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust). The content, the composition, and subcellular localization of heartwood extractives were studied in 14 old-grown trees from forest sites in Germany and Hungary, as well as in 16 younger trees of four clone types. Heartwood extractives (methanol and acetone extraction) were analysed by HPLC-chromatography. UV microspectrophotometry was used to localize the extractives in the wood cell walls. The natural durability of juvenile and mature heartwood was analysed according to the European standard EN 350-1. Growth analyses, as well as the chemical analyses, showed that in Robinia the formation of juvenile wood is restricted to the first 10-15 years of cambial growth. In the heartwood high contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were present, which were in high concentrations in the cell walls of the axial parenchyma and of the vessels. In the juvenile heartwood, the content of these extractives is significantly lower than in the mature heartwood. In agree, the juvenile heartwood had a lower resistance to decay by Coniophora puteana (brown rot fungus) and Coriolus versicolor (white rot fungus) compared to the mature.

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Changes of EPR Spectra of Wood Impregnated with Copper-Based Preservatives during Exposure to Several Wood-Rotting Fungi

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2002.038 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 229-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. Humar ◽

M. Petrič ◽

F. Pohleven ◽

M. Šentjurc ◽

P. Kalan

Keyword(s):

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Copper Oxalate ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Electron Paramagnetic

SummaryThe tolerance of various fungi against copper was examined. For this purpose, we impregnated Norway spruce (Picea abies) specimens with two different aqueous solutions: copper(II) octanoate with ethanolamine or copper(II) sulfate (cCu= 1.0 × 10−2mol/l). Impregnated and unimpregnated test specimens were then exposed to brown rot fungiAntrodia vaillantiiandGloeophyllum trabeumor to white-rot fungiSchizophyllum communeandTrametes versicolor. After 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks of exposure Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and mass loss measurements were performed. The results indicate thatA. vaillantii, G. trabeumandT. versicolortransform copper(II) sulfate in wood into non-soluble, and therefore non-toxic, copper oxalate. The intensity of this reaction depends on the amount of excreted oxalic acid and was the highest forA. vaillantiiand the lowest forT. versicolor. In the presence of ethanolamine, formation of insoluble copper oxalate was not possible and therefore, decay could not proceed. The major portion of copper remained in the wood and only minor amounts were in some cases translocated into nutrient media.

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