An Evaluation of the Effect of Public Support in Enhancing Occupational Incorporation of Former Soviet Union Immigrants to Israel: A Longitudinal Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILA MENAHEM ◽  
MIRI LERNER
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Training System ◽  
Occupational Training ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Support Mechanisms

Does governmental intervention in the form of occupational training and retraining and other forms of assistance improve immigrants' occupational opportunities both as self-employed and as salaried employees? These have been longstanding research and government concerns in societies that face large waves of immigration. This study reports on the research findings of a longitudinal study which sought to examine the effects of governmental support mechanisms on the incorporation of a large immigrant inflow from the former Soviet Union (FSU) high in human capital into the labour market. Three types of public support programmes were investigated: occupational retraining, subsidised salaries for immigrants and support for immigrants in business creation. The research population consisted of 910 new immigrants from the FSU who arrived to Israel in the 1990s; they were interviewed in-depth in 1992 and again in 1994/5. The findings show that the three support mechanisms differ in their contribution to the transferability of human capital of immigrants and their earnings from jobs. They also affect men and women immigrants differently. The question ‘what worked?’ is discussed from three viewpoints: accountability of public programmes, knowledge basis and implementation. A training system approach is used to explain differences in the effects of the three policy instruments on the occupational incorporation of the immigrants.

scholarly journals Patterns of Public Support for Price Increases on Alcohol in the Former Soviet Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayard Roberts ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Adrianna Murphy ◽  
Kseniya Kizilova ◽  
Anna Bryden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Price Increases

The economics of environments in transition

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE PANAYOTOU
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Industrial Restructuring ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Price Reform

The sudden collapse of the centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU), has created economic and environmental disequilibria of historically unprecedented dimensions throughout the region, as well as a process of gradual transition from plan to market. This historical ‘experiment’ provides a unique opportunity to study economyÐenvironment interactions and the adjustment process towards a new equilibrium, as well as the implications for conventional and novel policy instruments under transitional conditions. The changes that have taken place have been so many and so large that they defy many of the tools of marginal analysis. Privatization, industrial restructuring, market competition, price reform, and trade liberalization among others have suddenly been introduced where none existed and have so radically altered the fundamentals of these economies that they could be considered as new economies rather than simply reformed economies. However, underlying these radical changes, are many legacies of the centrally planned economy that persist or change only gradually. Furthermore, not all countries in CEE and the FSU have reformed their economies at the same pace. The northern tier countries of CEE moved faster than the southern tier and the latter faster than most FSU republics.

The Reach and Influence of Social Capital for Career Advancement and Firm Development Elite Managers and Russia's Exit from Socialism

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-327
Author(s):  
David O'Brien ◽  
Li Zong ◽  
Harley Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Enterprise Restructuring ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The Individual

The initiation of market liberalization resulted in a sharp decline in economic output and market disorganization across the former Soviet Union. Inadequate physical, financial, and human capital are among the explanations for the slow pace of enterprise restructuring and market development. The role of social networks, however, is less understood. Using survey data from a management-training programme in Russia, we examine the effects of entrepreneurial networks on both individual's professional advancement and firm's business development. We find that their participation in work-and association-based social networks varied and differentially affected outcomes at the individual and firm levels. We conclude that active participation in social capital networks catalyses returns on investments in human capital. Implications of this study for research on Chinese social networks are discussed.

The Spread of Human Capital in the Former Soviet Union Area in a Comparative Perspective: Exploring a New Dataset

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Didenko ◽  
Péter Földvári ◽  
Bas Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Simple Growth ◽  
Capital Development

To date, the rise and fall of the (former) USSR has triggered a lot of research much of which has focussed on the accumulation of physical capital, growth, and consumption. Recently, also the accumulation of human capital has increasingly been incorporated in this picture. However, few datasets exist that cover this crucial variable for this vast area. Therefore, our main objective is to make available a new dataset that contains human capital related time-series for the USSR (and the Newly Independent States (NIS) after its dissolution), constructed mostly on an annual basis. These data are drawn together from various primary sources, available datasets and secondary literature where our focus was on constructing a dataset as consistent as possible. It is our hope that, by supplying these data in electronic format, it will significantly advance quantitative economic history research on Russia and all over the former Soviet Union area (FSU) and will inspire further research in various new fields relating to intellectual production. The data presented in this paper follow after the discussion of the information value of the primary sources utilised, and the various problems that arose when linking and splicing the data from various sources. After constructing series of human capital indicators we perform a time-series and spatial analysis in order to identify the long-term trends of education penetration and of the human capital development in the FSU area with a strong emphasis on inequality issues between the NIS. Applying these results in a simple growth accounting framework provides us with some preliminary insights on the role of human capital in economic development in the FSU area.

Language Proficiency among New Immigrants: The Role of Human Capital and Societal Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo S. Mesch
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Local Society ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Social Reaction ◽  
The Social

The attainment of language proficiency is an important issue in the economic, social, and political adjustment of new immigrants. This study investigated language proficiency and use among a sample of new immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel. Past studies relied on an expanded human capital model that conceptualizes language proficiency attainment as a function of economic incentives, exposure, and ability. In this study I expanded the model and argued that factors present prior to migration, such as proactive motivation for migration and the social reaction of the local society to immigrants, influence the process as well. The hypothesis was tested in a sample of immigrants from the FSU in Israel. The findings supported the argument that societal attitudes to immigrants are an important factor in the understanding of language proficiency and use among immigrants. The findings and their implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Questions on the Hungarian Helicopter Force Transformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Bali
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Training System ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Force Transformation ◽  
The Government

For more than a half a century, the Hungarian Defence Forces have been using helicoptersdesigned and built in the former Soviet Union. Naturally, operators have gained a lot of experience over the decades, but the whole system has also anchored the pilot training system and maintenance method. Now that the government has decided to procure new western designed helicopters, all of these must be left behind. The Hungarian operators need to learn that new operating philosophy which will definitely pose many challenges toward the pilots and maintainers. In this study, I would like to point out these challenges.

Understanding Political Change in Post-Soviet Societies: A Further Commentary on Finifter and Mickiewicz

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Miller ◽  
William M. Reisinger ◽  
Vicki L. Hesli
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Individual Locus

Modernization theory suggests that in the post–World War II period increased education promoted public support for democratic principles and an individual opportunities society in the former Soviet Union. Finifter and Mickiewicz (1992), however, based on a 1989 survey in the Soviet Union, found that the less well educated were more supportive of individual locus of control than were the better educated. Examining survey data collected in the former USSR during 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1995, we find consistent reconfirmation of the modernization theory, despite a major decline in support for an opportunities society that occurs between 1992 and 1995. This recent increase in preference for socialism is explained by rising nationalism, growing nostalgia for communists, and disillusionment with certain aspects of the market economy, particularly the perceived growth of social inequality.

scholarly journals Would Kazakh Citizens Support a Milk Co-Operative System?

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Samal Kaliyeva ◽  
Francisco Jose Areal ◽  
Yiorgos Gadanakis
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Total Economic Value

We estimate the monetary value of a policy aimed at increasing rural co-operative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production. We analyse the drivers associated with public support for such policy using the contingent valuation method. The role of individuals’ psychological aspects, based on the reasoned action approach, along with individuals’ views on the country’s past regime (i.e., to the former Soviet Union), their awareness about the governmental policy, their sociodemographic characteristics, and household location on their willingness to pay (WTP) for the policy is analysed using an interval regression model. Additionally, we examine changes in individuals’ WTP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated total economic value of the policy is KZT 1335 bn for the length of the program at KZT 267 bn per year, which is approximately half the total program budget, which includes other interventions beyond the creation of production co-operatives. The total economic value of the policy would equal the cost of the whole program after 10 years, indicating public support for this policy amongst Kazakh citizens. Psychological factors, i.e., attitude, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioural control, and the respondents’ awareness of the policy and views on the Soviet Union regime are associated with their WTP. Sociodemographic factors, namely, age, income, and education, are also statistically significant. Finally, the effect of the shocks of COVID-19 is negatively associated with the respondents’ WTP.

Marital Stability Among Jewish and Mixed Couples Following Immigration to Israel From the Former Soviet Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Lavee ◽  
Ludmila Krivosh
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Marital Instability ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Marital Outcomes ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

This research aims to identify factors associated with marital instability among Jewish and mixed (Jewish and non-Jewish) couples following immigration from the former Soviet Union. Based on the Strangeness Theory and the Model of Acculturation, we predicted that non-Jewish immigrants would be less well adjusted personally and socially to Israeli society than Jewish immigrants and that endogamous Jewish couples would have better interpersonal congruence than mixed couples in terms of personal and social adjustment. The sample included 92 Jewish couples and 92 ethnically-mixed couples, of which 82 couples (40 Jewish, 42 mixed) divorced or separated after immigration and 102 couples (52 Jewish, 50 ethnically mixed) remained married. Significant differences were found between Jewish and non-Jewish immigrants in personal adjustment, and between endogamous and ethnically-mixed couples in the congruence between spouses in their personal and social adjustment. Marital instability was best explained by interpersonal disparity in cultural identity and in adjustment to life in Israel. The findings expand the knowledge on marital outcomes of immigration, in general, and immigration of mixed marriages, in particular.

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