Financial inclusion in the digital banking age: Lessons from rural India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
RAM A. CNAAN ◽  
MARQUISHA LAWRENCE SCOTT ◽  
H. DANIEL HEIST ◽  
M. S. MOODITHAYA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Digital Transactions ◽  
Financial Transactions

Abstract In the digital age, financial inclusion continues to be connected to social inclusion. While most personal financial transactions are shifting from cash currency to digital transactions, we must ensure that marginalized members of society are not unbanked and excluded from financial opportunities. Many countries are declaring their intention to transform to cashless societies. India is one such country. As a case study, we investigated rural Indian villages that declared themselves as cashless to assess the financial reality of villagers. We conducted a survey of households (N=3,159) within villages across seven Indian states. In each state, we studied a village that was officially declared cashless and a nearby comparison village. Our findings suggest that the comparison villages did as well as the cashless villages, as financial inclusion via digital banking was minimal to nonexistent. Alongside significant state variations, we found that financial literacy and online access were the best predictors of performing any digital banking activity. This study concludes with a warning against rushing toward digital banking and the formation of cashless societies, as marginalized populations may be excluded.

scholarly journals Information Communication Technology (ICT) based Business Correspondence Model: A Growing Avenue for Ensuring Financial Inclusion in Rural India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2645-2652
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
Business Correspondence

There is a genuine demand for finance requirement in the remote rural areas, absence of formal banking forced private lenders exploit the rural public. Government of India made several attempts towards financial inclusion of the poor, since independence, particularly in rural areas. Lack of financial literacy and no bank branch operation in their remote location restrains them to have access to formal banking. To overcome these constraints the RBI introduced ICT based Business Correspondences as agent to undertake banking activity in the year 2006.Though BC model was successfully performing well, but the growth and share of Business correspondence decreasing gradually. Further, penetration of the usage of mobile technology even in the remote rural areas opens positively for the successful performance of BCs in rural. Hence this research paper is a descriptive study which focuses on understanding BCs as a growing avenue for ensuring financial inclusion in Rural India.

Mobile Money - A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Zimbabwe using FinScope Survey Data

GIS Business ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Kingstone Mutsonziwa ◽  
Obert K. Maposa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Financial Transactions

Mobile money in Zimbabwe has extensively extended the frontiers of financial inclusion to reach millions who were earlier excluded within a relatively short space of time. The growing use of mobile phones in transferring money and making payments has significantly altered the countrys financial inclusion landscape as millions who had been hitherto excluded can now perform financial transactions in a relatively cheap, reliable and secure way. The FinScope results found out that 45% of the adult population use mobile money services. Of those using mobile money, 65% mentioned that is convenient, while 36% mentioned that it is cheap. Mobile money is accessible. These drivers are in the backdrop of few or no bank branches in rural communities as well as time and cost of accessing the bank branches. In Zimbabwe, mobile money is mostly used as a vehicle for remittances. While some people are enjoying mobile money services, it is important to mention that there are still people who are excluded from the formal financial system. The reasons why people do not use mobile money are mainly related to poverty issues. Mobile money remains a viable option to push the landscape of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe and other emerging markets where the formal financial system might not be strong.

THE STRATEGY TO ENHANCE THE SHARIAH FINANCIAL LITERACY AND INCLUSION IN INDONESIA (Case Study at Financial Services Authority Office in The City of Malang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ma’rufa Khotiawan ◽  
Muhammad Luthfiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

<p>The<strong> </strong>results of the survey of literacy and Financial Inclusion Shari'ah in Indonesia 2016 each show numbers 8.11 %  and 11.06 %. Whereas the inhabitants of the religion of Islam in Indonesia more than 85%. With this then needs to be formulated strategies that can increase the level of literacy and financial inclusion shari'ah in Indonesia. The importance of literacy improvement and Financial Inclusion Shari'ah to improve the behavior of the community in financial management and to improve the welfare of them. So that priorities are intended to know how the strategy applied to increasing literacy and Financial Inclusion Shari'ah. This research uses qualitative research method with the approach of the case study. The results of this research are some government policy that is contained in the form of National Strategy for Financial Literacy Indonesia (SNLKI) to improve financial literacy Shari'ah and inclusive Financial National Strategy (SNKI) to improve financial inclusion. But the next research needs to examined and monitored about various programs to increase shari'a literacy and financial inclusion is doing by the government.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Sharia Financial Literacy, Sharia Financial Inclusion, the strategy.

scholarly journals Financial Literacy and Inclusion Analysis of the Community of Pulau Seribu (A Case Study on Pramuka Island on the Limitations of Banking Financial Services in the Pulau Seribu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Erni Prasetiyani ◽  
Ai Nety Sumidartini ◽  
Achmad Barlian
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Depth Interviews

: The progress of a region can be measured by the level of financial literacy of its population and financial inclusion. DKI Jakarta is in the top financial ranking for literacy and inclusion, but it is inversely proportional to the Pulau Seribu region. This research is a qualitative research with the technique of obtaining data through in-depth interviews with residents in the Pulau Seribu. The results are processed with a Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) analysis to produce a map of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that exist in the Pulau Seribu region. With the SWOT condition in the region, it is hoped that the policy makers, namely the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), the DKI Jakarta Regional Government and the community themselves are able to synergize in formulating strategies to accelerate the backwardness of the Pulau Seribu with DKI Jakarta.

Financial Inclusion and Quality of Life: Empirical Evidences from Indian States with Special Reference to West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 0258042X2110261
Author(s):  
Avisek Sen ◽  
Arindam Laha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Relationship

The conceptual connection between financial inclusion and quality of life (QOL) can be realized by a two-way relationships. On the one hand, financial inclusion induces QOL, while an improvement in QOL facilitates in generating demand for financial services, on the other hand. Even though several studies seek to find out the role of finance in the well-being of the population (especially human development), this article concentrates on QOL to eliminate the financial attributes of development (as captured by income dimension in Human Development Index). In this sense, this study addresses the research gap in the existing literature by establishing the relationship between financial inclusion and QOL. Specifically, the article attempts to explain the two-way tie-up between the financial inclusion and the QOL in India in the context of Indian states, in general, and West Bengal, in particular. Canonical correlation (CC; a multivariate data analysis technique) is used to estimate the relation between the financial inclusion and QOL. Empirical results suggest that western and the southern Indian states excel in the attainment of education, health and other amenities-based indicators of QOL. The conditions of the eastern part of the country in case of financial inclusion and the QOL are not at all satisfactory. In case of West Bengal, Kolkata being the state capital is performing well in both the factors. CC results suggest a significant association between the financial inclusion and QOL across Indian states. The deposit account of financial inclusion indicator and the infant survival rate of QOL indicator are playing a pivotal role in the relationship (both the Indian states and districts of West Bengal as well). This article establishes the effectiveness of the demand following approach of financial inclusion than that of supply leading approach. As the demand-side aspect of financial inclusion is becoming more important to the policymakers, the next policy priority of financial inclusion measures could be the generation of awareness on the financial services through financial literacy. JEL Codes: G2, O15, C39

Banking or Under-banking: Spatial Role of Financial Inclusion and Exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 097300522110371
Author(s):  
Rajat Singh Yadav ◽  
Kalluru Siva Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Economic Agents

Access to bank account is only a part of the problem when we talk of financial inclusion because several people with a bank account are not necessarily using them to deposit their savings or carry out transactions. This article makes an attempt to examine the reasons for low utilisation of banking facilities. It employs financial inclusion insights (FII) data for Indian population to find out an outcome of financial inclusion (and thus social inclusion as well) based on the usage of banking services with covariates like financial literacy, the probability that any financial service is accessible to the respondent in terms distance, type of mobile phone and spatial density. We use truncated probit model to measure the incidence of under-banking. Our findings show that there is a negative association between supply-side constraints and usage of banking services, implying that low access to financial services in time and space stands as a hindrance to financial inclusion. Further, we find from the financial inclusion and exclusion map at the district level that even though economic agents intend to participate in the space in which he/she is living is not much inclusive.

Mobile Money A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Zimbabwe using FinScope Survey Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingstone Mutsonziwa ◽  
Obert K. Maposa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Financial Transactions

Mobile money in Zimbabwe has extensively extended the frontiers of financial inclusion to reach millions who were earlier excluded within a relatively short space of time. The growing use of mobile phones in transferring money and making payments has significantly altered the countrys financial inclusion landscape as millions who had been hitherto excluded can now perform financial transactions in a relatively cheap, reliable and secure way. The FinScope results found out that 45% of the adult population use mobile money services. Of those using mobile money, 65% mentioned that is convenient, while 36% mentioned that it is cheap. Mobile money is accessible. These drivers are in the backdrop of few or no bank branches in rural communities as well as time and cost of accessing the bank branches. In Zimbabwe, mobile money is mostly used as a vehicle for remittances. While some people are enjoying mobile money services, it is important to mention that there are still people who are excluded from the formal financial system. The reasons why people do not use mobile money are mainly related to poverty issues. Mobile money remains a viable option to push the landscape of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe and other emerging markets where the formal financial system might not be strong.

scholarly journals Tingkat Islamic Financial Literacy dan Penggunaan Fintech Terhadap Financial Inclusion UMKM Kawasan Pondok Pesantren di Kota Jombang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Lik - Anah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Financial Transactions

The UMKM in Islamic Boarding School area continue to experience an increase in financial transactions in line with the increase in banking financial services, especially Islamic banking financial services, for example: BPRS, Syariah Bank, BMT and Micro Waqf Banks which are located around the area. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of Islamic financial literacy and the use of Fintech of UMKM in the Islamic boarding school area in Jombang. This is based on the data that the number of research is included in associative research with purposive sampling technique of all UMKM which are located in the Islamic boarding school area in Jombang, with the criteria of UMKM which have used Fintech services and banking services as the requirement in the area of financial inclusion. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis which is strengthened by qualitative analysis to find out the quality of financial inclusion. The results showed that Islamic financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. The use of Fintech has a positive and significant effect on UMKM financial inclusion. Islamic financial literacy and the use of Fintech have a positive and significant effect on the financial inclusion of UMKM in the Islamic boarding school area in Jombang city.

Mobile Money - A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Zimbabwe using FinScope Survey Data

GIS Business ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Kingstone Mutsonziwa ◽  
Obert K. Maposa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Financial Transactions

Mobile money in Zimbabwe has extensively extended the frontiers of financial inclusion to reach millions who were earlier excluded within a relatively short space of time. The growing use of mobile phones in transferring money and making payments has significantly altered the countrys financial inclusion landscape as millions who had been hitherto excluded can now perform financial transactions in a relatively cheap, reliable and secure way. The FinScope results found out that 45% of the adult population use mobile money services. Of those using mobile money, 65% mentioned that is convenient, while 36% mentioned that it is cheap. Mobile money is accessible. These drivers are in the backdrop of few or no bank branches in rural communities as well as time and cost of accessing the bank branches. In Zimbabwe, mobile money is mostly used as a vehicle for remittances. While some people are enjoying mobile money services, it is important to mention that there are still people who are excluded from the formal financial system. The reasons why people do not use mobile money are mainly related to poverty issues. Mobile money remains a viable option to push the landscape of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe and other emerging markets where the formal financial system might not be strong.

Mobile Money - A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Zimbabwe using FinScope Survey Data

GIS Business ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Kingstone Mutsonziwa ◽  
Obert K. Maposa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Financial Transactions

Mobile money in Zimbabwe has extensively extended the frontiers of financial inclusion to reach millions who were earlier excluded within a relatively short space of time. The growing use of mobile phones in transferring money and making payments has significantly altered the countrys financial inclusion landscape as millions who had been hitherto excluded can now perform financial transactions in a relatively cheap, reliable and secure way. The FinScope results found out that 45% of the adult population use mobile money services. Of those using mobile money, 65% mentioned that is convenient, while 36% mentioned that it is cheap. Mobile money is accessible. These drivers are in the backdrop of few or no bank branches in rural communities as well as time and cost of accessing the bank branches. In Zimbabwe, mobile money is mostly used as a vehicle for remittances. While some people are enjoying mobile money services, it is important to mention that there are still people who are excluded from the formal financial system. The reasons why people do not use mobile money are mainly related to poverty issues. Mobile money remains a viable option to push the landscape of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe and other emerging markets where the formal financial system might not be strong.

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