Apologies in New Zealand English

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Holmes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Simple Linear Model ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Social Acts ◽  
Single Strategy ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTThe function of apologies is discussed within the context of a model of interaction with two intersecting dimensions – affective and referential meaning. Apologies are defined as primarily social acts conveying affective meaning. The syntactic, semantic, and sociolinguistic features of apologies are described, based on a corpus of 183 apologies. While apology exchanges divided equally between those which used a combination of strategies and those where a single strategy sufficed, almost all apology exchanges involved an explicit apology. An account is provided of the kinds of social relationships and the range of offenses which elicited apologies in this New Zealand corpus.Apologies are politeness strategies, and an attempt is made to relate the relative “weightiness” of the offense (assessed using the factors identified as significant in Brown and Levinson's model of politeness) to features of the apology strategies used to remedy it. Though some support is provided for Brown and Levinson's model, it is suggested that Wolf-son's “bulge” theory more adequately accounts for a number of patterns in the data. In particular, the functions of apologies between friends may be more complex than a simple linear model suggests. (Apologies, politeness, speech functions, New Zealand English, sociolinguistics, pragmatics)

Greenhouses, hot water bottles, cycles and the future of New Zealand climate

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
W.P. De Lange
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Almost All

The Greenhouse Effect acts to slow the escape of infrared radiation to space, and hence warms the atmosphere. The oceans derive almost all of their thermal energy from the sun, and none from infrared radiation in the atmosphere. The thermal energy stored by the oceans is transported globally and released after a range of different time periods. The release of thermal energy from the oceans modifies the behaviour of atmospheric circulation, and hence varies climate. Based on ocean behaviour, New Zealand can expect weather patterns similar to those from 1890-1922 and another Little Ice Age may develop this century.

scholarly journals Narratives of Incorporation:  An Anthropological Analysis of Same-Sex Civil Unions  in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dionne Steven
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Civil Unions ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Civil Union ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Symbolic Content

<p>In this thesis I examine civil unions from the perspective of New Zealand-based same-sex couples who have chosen to formalise their relationship. My approach is qualitative and in-depth and focuses on interpreting participants' own meanings and beliefs while also recognising the need for broader contextual knowledge. Through participants’ narratives, I explore why it was important for couples to have a civil union, how they chose to mark or enact the occasion, and the meanings they attribute to their choices and actions. Rather than treating the civil union as an isolated event, my analysis situates the civil union within four longer processual trajectories: individual biographical narratives, partner interactions, close social relationships, and trajectories of a socio-political nature. I then explore the contours of participants’ civil union ceremonies in terms of scale, style, and symbolic content. Throughout the thesis, I argue that civil unions facilitate incorporation for same-sex couples on a number of levels: incorporation in terms of inclusion in an important ‘meaning-constitutive’ practice; familial incorporation; and incorporation into mainstream society more generally. The incorporating effects of civil unions owe much to the symbolic capacities of law, the meaning inscribed in the socially dominant cultural model of marriage, and the characteristics of ritual. The importance of ritual to the anthropological enterprise is reaffirmed through this study; not only do rituals provide an important lens through which to examine the normative values of society but also the origins of social revitalization.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Spatial Interpolation Methods Applied to Monthly Rainfall as Support for Landscape Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9566
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caloiero ◽  
Gaetano Pellicone ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Ilaria Guagliardi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All

Landscape management requires spatially interpolated data, whose outcomes are strictly related to models and geostatistical parameters adopted. This paper aimed to implement and compare different spatial interpolation algorithms, both geostatistical and deterministic, of rainfall data in New Zealand. The spatial interpolation techniques used to produce finer-scale monthly rainfall maps were inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), kriging with external drift (KED), and ordinary cokriging (COK). Their performance was assessed by the cross-validation and visual examination of the produced maps. The results of the cross-validation clearly evidenced the usefulness of kriging in the spatial interpolation of rainfall data, with geostatistical methods outperforming IDW. Results from the application of different algorithms provided some insights in terms of strengths and weaknesses and the applicability of the deterministic and geostatistical methods to monthly rainfall. Based on the RMSE values, the KED showed the highest values only in April, whereas COK was the most accurate interpolator for the other 11 months. By contrast, considering the MAE, the KED showed the highest values in April, May, June and July, while the highest values have been detected for the COK in the other months. According to these results, COK has been identified as the best method for interpolating rainfall distribution in New Zealand for almost all months. Moreover, the cross-validation highlights how the COK was the interpolator with the best least bias and scatter in the cross-validation test, with the smallest errors.

The susceptibility of potato varieties to internal rust spot

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Collier ◽  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
Valerie C. Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Simple Linear Model ◽  
Varietal Susceptibility

SummaryIn tubers of ten potato varieties the incidence of internal rust spot lesions increased and the calcium concentration decreased when the concentration of calcium chloride supplied to the plants fell from 9 to 1 mM. A simple linear model relating the probit transformation of internal rust spot incidence to tuber calcium concentration for each variety showed that there were substantial differences in varietal susceptibility to internal rust spot which were not related to tuber calcium concentration.

Fate and recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer urea applied to winter wheat in spring in the Canterbury region of New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. HAYNES
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Organic N ◽  
European Research ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Almost All

15N-labelled fertilizer urea was applied at increasing rates (0–200 kg N/ha), in spring, to winter wheat crops in the Canterbury region of New Zealand in three successive seasons (1993/94, 1994/95 and 1995/96). Recovery of fertilizer N by the crop (grain, chaff, straw and roots) ranged from 43–58% (mean 48%). The quantity of fertilizer N retained in the soil (0–40 cm), at harvest, ranged from 26–42%. Of the labelled N present in the soil, over 95% was present in organic form and 60–80% was retained in the surface 0–10 cm layer. Since soil organic matter represents a substantial sink for fertilizer N there is a need to characterize the nature of this organic pool of N more fully. The quantity of inorganic N present in the soil profile at harvest ranged from 20–46 kg N/ha and labelled fertilizer-derived N contributed less than 16% (mean 9·2%) to this inorganic pool. Loss of fertilizer N from the crop/soil system (i.e., labelled N not recovered in the crop or soil at harvest) varied from 12–26% (mean 18%). Losses were attributed mainly to denitrification since conditions were not conducive for ammonia volatilization or leaching of nitrate. In agreement with European research, it was concluded that almost all of the N at risk of leaching over the winter originates from mineralization of soil organic N and not from unused fertilizer-N applied in spring.

scholarly journals Dual-heritage households: Food, culture, and re-membering in Hamilton, New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Graham ◽  
Darrin Hodgetts ◽  
Ottilie Stolte
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Shared Spaces ◽  
Ways Of Being

AbstractFood is deeply connected to processes of re-membering, identity construction, the texturing of shared spaces, and social relationships. This case-comparative research focusses on how everyday food-related practices (sourcing, preparing, serving and eating) reproduce aspects of culture and communal ways of being. We will consider the food practices of three dual-heritage households who took part in a series of biographical, ‘go-along’, ‘eat-along’ and photo-elicitation interviews. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which food is intimately interwoven with familial relationships, the reproduction of hybrid ways of being, and connecting the present, past, and future.

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