Late Neolithic remains at Tharrounia, Euboea: a model for the seasonal use of settlements and caves

1992 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 61-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantios Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

Systematic excavation from 1986 to 1990 in the Skoteini cave indicated that it was heavily used during LN I–II (5300/5200–3300/3200 BC); Early Helladic, Mycenaean, and later finds were insignificant. The abundance of Neolithic pottery and the detailed study of the stratigraphy have elucidated the LN pottery sequence. A trial excavation was carried out in the immediate vicinity of the cave, where remains of a Neolithic settlement exist. In spite of the erosion of ground, parts of the Neolithic buildings and an amount of LN II pottery were found. The work was completed with the excavation of a Neolithic cemetery 300 m from the settlement. Thanks to a systematic survey in the surrounding area, the location of many Neolithic sites was made possible.The use of the cave was multi-purpose (for brief residence, cult, and burial practices, and particularly for storage). The finds and the ethnoarchaeological research suggest that during the Neolithic period two different models of residence occurred in the area. The settlement was in seasonal use, from spring to autumn, while during the winter the local residents were living in south-facing sheltered sites. At the same time, a number of more or less specialized herdsmen from the Tharrounia or Aliveri area are likely to have driven their flocks up to the mountainous grazing lands of Delphi and Xerovouni.

scholarly journals 2. Funerary Treatment of Immature Deceased in Neolithic Collective Burial Sites in France. Were Children Buried with Adults?

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Melie Le Roy ◽  
Stéphane Rottier ◽  
Frédéric Santos ◽  
Anne-Marie Tillier
Keyword(s):  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
First Results ◽  
Funerary Treatment ◽  
Cultural Choices

In France, collective burial sites of the Late Neolithic period (3600-2100 BC) include a variety of structures ranging from simple pits and natural caves to hypogea and megalithic structures. The management of these graves raises questions about their representativeness and about burial practices involving non-adult individuals. This study of funerary selection based on age-at-death compares the results obtained for different sites and offers several potential interpretations concerning the integration of immature individuals in these collective tombs based on their age. The study highlights a particular selection observed in various funerary structures and a chronological difference between northern and southern France. These first results lead to a discussion of distinct cultural choices among different geographical areas.

Neolithic Pottery and other Remains from Pangbourne, Berks., and Caversham, Oxon

1929 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Piggott
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Human Skeleton ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Tennis Court ◽  
Made In ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

In the present state of our knowledge of the Neolithic period in England, and especially as regards its pottery, any light that can be thrown upon it is welcome, and it is on that account that I have brought before the Society a report on two discoveries of Neolithic remains: at Pangbourne, Berks., and Caversham, Oxon.It is greatly to be regretted that owing to the circumstances of the discovery accurate observations could not be made. In May, 1928, workmen were engaged in levelling ground to make a tennis court, at “Farmhili,” Courtlands Hill, Pangbourne, and in doing so came upon, and, as is unhappily so often the case, disturbed and partly smashed a human skeleton, other animal bones, of which a few only survive, and a large bowl of coarse pottery, definitely of Neolithic type. It would seem that when found the bowl was imore or less complete, but Mr. G. W. Smith, of Reading, who visited the spot the day after the discovery, was only able to find about two-thirds of the vessel, in fragments, on the rubbish heaps of excavated material. These fragments, together with the other remains, were presented by the owner of the land, Lt.-Com. W. S. Macilwaine, R.N., to the Reading Museum, where the writer had the opportunity of examining them.

scholarly journals Neolithic genomes reveal a distinct ancient HLA allele pool and population transformation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Immel ◽  
Christoph Rinne ◽  
John Meadows ◽  
Rodrigo Barquera ◽  
András Szolek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

AbstractThe Wartberg culture (WBC, 3,500-2,800 BCE) dates to the Late Neolithic period, a time of important demographic and cultural transformations in western Europe. We perform a genome-wide analysis of 42 individuals who were interred in a WBC collective burial in Niedertiefenbach, Germany (3,300-3,200 cal. BCE). Our results highlight that the Niedertiefenbach population indeed emerged at the beginning of the WBC. This farming community was genetically heterogeneous and carried a surprisingly large hunter-gatherer ancestry component (40%). We detect considerable differences in the human leukocyte antigen gene pool between contemporary Europeans and the Niedertiefenbach individuals whose immune response was primarily geared towards defending viral infections.

scholarly journals Late neolithic pottery standardization: Application of statistical analyses

Starinar ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

This paper defines the notion of standardization, presents the methodological approach to analysis, points to the problems and limitation arising in examination of materials from archaeological excavations, and presents the results of the analysis of coefficients of variation of metric parameters of the Late Neolithic vessels recovered at the sites of Vinca and Motel Slatina.

Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic detection of pig product processing in British Late Neolithic pottery

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (313) ◽  
pp. 743-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Mukherjee ◽  
Robert Berstan ◽  
Mark S. Copley ◽  
Alex M. Gibson ◽  
Richard P. Evershed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Prehistoric Pottery ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

By extracting lipids from potsherds and determining the δ13C of the most abundant fatty acids, degraded fats from ruminant animals, such as cattle, and non-ruminant animals, such as pigs, can be distinguished. The authors use this phenomenon to investigate Late Neolithic pig exploitation and find that the pig ‘signature’ was more frequently found among residues from Grooved Ware than other prehistoric pottery types.

Excavations at South Cadbury Castle, 1969: A Summary Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Alcock
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Summary Report ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

SummaryContinued excavations at South Cadbury in July-August 1969 failed to confirm the Early Neolithic enclosed settlement hinted at in 1968, but added Late Neolithic pottery to the known cultural sequence. For the Iron Age, particular interest attaches to evidence for stake-built round houses; to a rich collection of iron and bronze arms and armour perhaps from a workshop; and to a rectangular shrine with animal sacrifices. The moment of the Roman Conquest is represented by a field oven with military bronzes. In the fifth-sixth centuries A.D. the plan of a timber hall was traced, and it was shown that timber and reused Roman masonry had played a large part in the rampart and gateway.

Late Bronze Age Apsidal and Oval Buildings in Greece and adjacent areas

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 269-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mazarakis-Ainian
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Building Plans

Apsidal and elliptical buildings are characteristic of rural societies. In Greece their tradition goes back to the late Neolithic period. Apsidal houses become common in the EH and especially the MH periods, while oval buildings do not occur as often. It is generally acknowledged that curvilinear plans went out of fashion at the end of the MH period and that they reappeared in the beginning of the EIA. This statement is fundamentally correct for rectangular constructions prevail throughout the Mycenaean era. Yet an attentive survey of LBA sites in Greece proves that curvilinear buildings were still constructed in certain regions. A rapid review of these sites could be beneficial, for it might help in elucidating some of the reasons of the resurgence of these particular building plans shortly after the final collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.

scholarly journals Ancient Genomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Origin of Cashmere-Producing Goats in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Cai ◽  
Weiwei Fu ◽  
Dawei Cai ◽  
Rasmus Heller ◽  
Zhuqing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Chalcolithic Period

Abstract Goats are one of the most widespread farmed animals across the world; however, their migration route to East Asia and local evolutionary history remain poorly understood. Here, we sequenced 27 ancient Chinese goat genomes dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Iron Age. We found close genetic affinities between ancient and modern Chinese goats, demonstrating their genetic continuity. We found that Chinese goats originated from the eastern regions around the Fertile Crescent, and we estimated that the ancestors of Chinese goats diverged from this population in the Chalcolithic period. Modern Chinese goats were divided into a northern and a southern group, coinciding with the most prominent climatic division in China, and two genes related to hair follicle development, FGF5 and EDA2R, were highly divergent between these populations. We identified a likely causal de novo deletion near FGF5 in northern Chinese goats that increased to high frequency over time, whereas EDA2R harbored standing variation dating to the Neolithic. Our findings add to our understanding of the genetic composition and local evolutionary process of Chinese goats.

scholarly journals Ancient genomes reveal social and genetic structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Furtwängler ◽  
A. B. Rohrlach ◽  
Thiseas C. Lamnidis ◽  
Luka Papac ◽  
Gunnar U. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Southern Central

Abstract Genetic studies of Neolithic and Bronze Age skeletons from Europe have provided evidence for strong population genetic changes at the beginning and the end of the Neolithic period. To further understand the implications of these in Southern Central Europe, we analyze 96 ancient genomes from Switzerland, Southern Germany, and the Alsace region in France, covering the Middle/Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age. Similar to previously described genetic changes in other parts of Europe from the early 3rd millennium BCE, we detect an arrival of ancestry related to Late Neolithic pastoralists from the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Switzerland as early as 2860–2460 calBCE. Our analyses suggest that this genetic turnover was a complex process lasting almost 1000 years and involved highly genetically structured populations in this region.

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