scholarly journals Concerning the Primordial Abundance of Helium in Quasi-Stellar Sources

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Joseph Silk

Primordial temperature fluctuations, which appear to be necessary in order to explain aspects of galaxy formation, can lead to observable effects in some objects. In QSS and other compact systems a correlation of absolute luminosity with primordial helium content is predicted.

2002 ◽  
Vol 568 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bono ◽  
A. Balbi ◽  
S. Cassisi ◽  
N. Vittorio ◽  
R. Buonanno

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
B.E.J. Pagel

The primordial helium abundance YP is important for cosmology and the ratio δY/δZ constrains models of stellar evolution. While the most accurate estimates of both quantities now come from emission lines in HII regions, significant information comes from effects of helium content on stellar structure including in particular the location of the main sequence as a function of metallicity and age. HIPPARCOS parallaxes with 1 or 2 mas accuracy will naturally lead to great advances in this type of study for stars with metallicities down to about 0.1 solar, but sub-mas accuracy will be needed in order to extend it to stars of still lower metallicity.


2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S268) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Yuri I. Izotov

AbstractWe determine the primordial helium mass fraction Yp using 1700 spectra of low-metallicity extragalactic H ii regions. This sample is selected from the Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, from European Southern Observatory archival data and from our own observations. We have considered known systematic effects which may affect the 4He abundance determination. They include collisional and fluorescent enhancements of He i recombination lines, underlying He i and hydrogen stellar absorption lines, collisional excitation of hydrogen lines, temperature and ionization structure of the H ii region. Monte Carlo methods are used to solve simultaneously the above systematic effects. We find a primordial helium mass fraction Yp = 0.2512 ± 0.0006(stat.) ± 0.0020 (syst.). This value is higher than the value given by Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (SBBN) theory. If confirmed, it would imply slight deviations from SBBN.


2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Wu ◽  
Rahul Kannan ◽  
Federico Marinacci ◽  
Mark Vogelsberger ◽  
Lars Hernquist

Abstract We present self-consistent radiation hydrodynamic simulations of hydrogen reionization performed with arepo-rt complemented by a state-of-the-art galaxy formation model. We examine how photoheating feedback, due to reionization, shapes the galaxies properties. Our fiducial model completes reionization by z ≈ 6 and matches observations of the Ly α forest, the cosmic microwave background electron scattering optical depth, the high-redshift ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function, and stellar mass function. Contrary to previous works, photoheating suppresses star formation rates by more than $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ only in haloes less massive than ∼108.4 M⊙ (∼108.8 M⊙) at z = 6 (z = 5), suggesting inefficient photoheating feedback from photons within galaxies. The use of a uniform UV background that heats up the gas at z ≈ 10.7 generates an earlier onset of suppression of star formation compared to our fiducial model. This discrepancy can be mitigated by adopting a UV background model with a more realistic reionization history. In the absence of stellar feedback, photoheating alone is only able to quench haloes less massive than ∼109 M⊙ at z ≳ 5, implying that photoheating feedback is sub-dominant in regulating star formation. In addition, stellar feedback, implemented as a non-local galactic wind scheme in the simulations, weakens the strength of photoheating feedback by reducing the amount of stellar sources. Most importantly, photoheating does not leave observable imprints in the UV luminosity function, stellar mass function, or the cosmic star formation rate density. The feasibility of using these observables to detect imprints of reionization therefore requires further investigation.


1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hintenberger ◽  
E. Vilcsek ◽  
H. Wänke

Using newly developed techniques for the separate measurements of rare gases in different mineral components of stone meteorites, comprehensive investigations were carried out on meteorites containing primordial rare gases. For the bronzite chondrites Breitscheid and Pantar, we could prove that all main mineral components contain light primordial gases, probably this is also true for the carbonaceous chondrite Murray and for the achondrite Kapoeta. The light primordial gases are highly concentrated in the outmost layers of the single mineral grains. The ratios for 4He/3He and 20Ne/22Ne vary for different meteorites and also for different mineral components within a single meteorite. Both ratios shows a correlation with the diffusion coefficients of the minerals involved; the lighter isotope being always more depleted in those minerals with the higher diffusion losses. According to the observed diffusion losses, the original primordial Helium content of Pantar comes out to be at least about two orders of magnitude higher than at present. For the true and original elemental and isotopic ratios we obtained values of 13.8 and 14.0 for 20Ne/22Ne, 2200 for 4He/3He and 800 for 4He/20Ne. These ratios have been altered considerably on account of gas losses by diffusion.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document