scholarly journals Iron Line Emission from NGC1068

1989 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Katsuji Koyama

X-ray emission in the 2–10 keV energy range was observed with the Ginga satellite from the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC1068. The continuum spectrum can be described by a power-law of photon index about 1.5. An intense iron line at 6.5 keV with an equivalent width of 1.3 keV was clearly noticed. The X-ray flux was about 6 × 10 −12 erg/sec/cm2 or 3 × 1041 erg/sec, assuming a distance of 22 Mpc. The observed spectrum is consistent with the scattering and reprocessing of X-rays by the gas surrounding the central engine. With this picture we estimate that the X-ray flux of the central engine is about 1043 - 1044 erg/sec, a typical value for a Seyfert 1 galaxy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-575
Author(s):  
Aru Beri ◽  
Sachindra Naik ◽  
Kulinder Pal Singh ◽  
Gaurava K Jaisawal ◽  
Sudip Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Swift J0243.6+6124, the first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar, was observed during its 2017–2018 outburst with AstroSat at both sub- and super-Eddington levels of accretion with X-ray luminosities of LX ∼ 7 × 1037 and 6 × 1038 erg s−1, respectively. Our broad-band timing and spectral observations show that X-ray pulsations at ${\sim}9.85~\rm {s}$ have been detected up to 150 keV when the source was accreting at the super-Eddington level. The pulse profiles are a strong function of both energy and source luminosity, showing a double-peaked profile with pulse fraction increasing from ∼$10{{{\ \rm per\ cent}}}$ at $1.65~\rm {keV}$ to 40–80 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at $70~\rm {keV}$. The continuum X-ray spectra are well modelled with a high-energy cut-off power law (Γ ∼ 0.6–0.7) and one or two blackbody components with temperatures of ∼0.35 and $1.2~\rm {keV}$, depending on the accretion level. No iron line emission is observed at sub-Eddington level, while a broad emission feature at around 6.9 keV is observed at the super-Eddington level, along with a blackbody radius ($121\!-\!142~\rm {km}$) that indicates the presence of optically thick outflows.


Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Elena Fedorova ◽  
B.I. Hnatyk ◽  
V.I. Zhdanov ◽  
A. Del Popolo

3C111 is BLRG with signatures of both FSRQ and Sy1 in X-ray spectrum. The significant X-ray observational dataset was collected for it by INTEGRAL, XMM-Newton, SWIFT, Suzaku and others. The overall X-ray spectrum of 3C 111 shows signs of a peculiarity with the large value of the high-energy cut-off typical rather for RQ AGN, probably due to the jet contamination. Separating the jet counterpart in the X-ray spectrum of 3C 111 from the primary nuclear counterpart can answer the question is this nucleus truly peculiar or this is a fake “peculiarity” due to a significant jet contribution. In view of this question, our aim is to estimate separately the accretion disk/corona and non-thermal jet emission in the 3C 111 X-ray spectra within different observational periods. To separate the disk/corona and jet contributions in total continuum, we use the idea that radio and X-ray spectra of jet emission can be described by a simple power-law model with the same photon index. This additional information allows us to derive rather accurate values of these contributions. In order to test these results, we also consider relations between the nuclear continuum and the line emission.


1987 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
W. Pietsch ◽  
W. Voges ◽  
E. Kendziorra ◽  
M. Pakull

AbstractThe 805 sec pulsing X-ray source H2252−035 has been observed for 7 h on September 14/15 and on September 17, 1983 in X-rays with the low energy telescope and the medium energy detectors of EXOSAT. While below 2 keV the semiamplitude of the 805 s pulses is ~ 100% in the 2.3–7.9 keV band it is only ~ 40%. X-ray dips that are more pronounced in low energies occur simultaneously with the orbital minimum of the optical light curve. The medium energy spectra during dips with respect to the non dip spectrum can be explained by just enhanced cold gas absorption of an additional absorbing column of 2 1022 cm−2. Model spectra for the 805 s minimum have to include a strong iron emission line at 6.55 keV with an equivalent width of 3 keV in addition to a reduced continuum intensity (radiating area) and enhanced low energy absorption.


Author(s):  
D A Zyuzin ◽  
A V Karpova ◽  
Y A Shibanov ◽  
A Y Potekhin ◽  
V F Suleimanov

Abstract We analyze new XMM-Newton and archival Chandra observations of the middle-aged γ-ray radio-quiet pulsar J1957+5033. We detect, for the first time, X-ray pulsations with the pulsar spin period of the point-like source coinciding by position with the pulsar. This confirms the pulsar nature of the source. In the 0.15–0.5 keV band, there is a single pulse per period and the pulsed fraction is ≈18 ± 6 per cent. In this band, the pulsar spectrum is dominated by a thermal emission component that likely comes from the entire surface of the neutron star, while at higher energies (≳ 0.7 keV) it is described by a power law with the photon index Γ ≈ 1.6. We construct new hydrogen atmosphere models for neutron stars with dipole magnetic fields and non-uniform surface temperature distributions with relatively low effective temperatures. We use them in the spectral analysis and derive the pulsar average effective temperature of ≈(2 − 3) × 105 K. This makes J1957+5033 the coldest among all known thermally emitting neutron stars with ages below 1 Myr. Using the interstellar extinction–distance relation, we constrain the distance to the pulsar in the range of 0.1–1 kpc. We compare the obtained X-ray thermal luminosity with those for other neutron stars and various neutron star cooling models and set some constraints on latter. We observe a faint trail-like feature, elongated ∼8 arcmin from J1957+5033. Its spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index Γ = 1.9 ± 0.5 suggesting that it is likely a pulsar wind nebula powered by J1957+5033.


1994 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 317-317
Author(s):  
M. Bałucińska-Church ◽  
L. Piro ◽  
H. Fink ◽  
F. Fiore ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
...  

SummaryWe report results of an international UV – X-ray campaign in 1990–1992 involving the IUE, Rosat and Ginga satellites to observe E1615+061, a Seyfert 1 galaxy with peculiar spectral and intensity behaviour over the last 20 years. The source has been found to be stable in its medium state during the observations. The Ginga (1–20 keV) spectrum of E1615+061 is adequately represented by a simple power law with a photon index α = 1.8 ± 0.1. However, α ∼ 2, as expected for the intrinsic power law component in a reflection model, cannot be ruled out statistically. The Rosat PSPC (0.1–2 keV) spectra collected during the All Sky Survey and the AO-1 phase can be well-described by a simple power law (α = 2.2 ± 0.1) with cold absorber (NH = 3.5 ± 0.3 · 10λ20 H/cmλ2). Both the photon index being significantly different than that obtained from the Ginga spectrum and the column density being smaller than the galactic column (NH ∼ 4.2 · 10λ20 H/cmλ2) give an indication of a soft excess over and above the hard component seen in the Ginga spectrum. E1615+061 has been observed with IUE in 1990 and in 1992. The source was stable and the colour excess E(B-V) derived from the data = 0.1 is in good agreement with that expected from the galactic absorption.To parameterise the soft excess we fitted the Rosat data with a two-component model consisting of a power law, and a blackbody or thermal bremsstrahlung, with a single galactic absorption term. The column density and the slope of the power law were kept constant. The blackbody temperature was 80 ± 6 eV and 63 ± 12 eV for photon index equal to 1.8 and 2.0, respectively, whereas the bremsstrahlung temperature was 220 ± 40 eV and 115 ± 30 eV for the two cases.An attempt to model the soft excess seen in the Rosat PSPC spectrum has been made assuming that the soft excess is the high energy tail of a disc spectrum which peaks in the UV part of the spectrum. Additionally it was assumed that there is a hard component contributing to the spectrum from UV to X-rays with parameters as described by the Ginga spectrum. The best fit parameters: the mass of the central source and the mass accretion rate were around 5 ± 1 · 10λ6 M⊙ and 0.2 ± 0.04 M⊙/yr, respectively.Our modelling shows that the soft X-ray excess can be described (χredλ2 < 1.2) as the high energy tail of an accretion disk spectrum if the intrinsic power law is quite steep (α = 2). The main contribution to the residuals in the Rosat PSPC range comes from 0.3–0.6 keV, with a tendency for these residuals to increase when the slope gets flatter. The accretion luminosity is ∼ 6.5 · 10λ44 erg/s for the best fit parameters, i.e. about the Eddington luminosity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 1828-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kuznetsova ◽  
Roman Krivonos ◽  
Eugene Churazov ◽  
Natalia Lyskova ◽  
Alexander Lutovinov

ABSTRACT In this work, we present the first detailed analysis of the supernova remnant RX J1713.7–3946 in the hard X-ray energy range with the Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite (IBIS) coded-mask telescope onboard the INTEGRAL observatory. The shell-type morphology of the entire remnant is mapped in hard X-rays for the first time and significantly detected up to 50 keV. The IBIS sky image of RX J1713.7–3946, accumulated over 14 yr of operations, demonstrates two extended hard X-ray sources. These sources are spatially consistent with north-west and south-west rims of RX J1713.7–3946 and are also clearly visible at energies below 10 keV with XMM–Newton. This points to a single emission mechanism operating in soft and hard X-rays. The INTEGRAL 17–120 keV spectrum of RX J1713.7–3946 is characterized by a power-law continuum with the photon index of Γ ≈ 3 that is significantly softer than Γ ≈ 2 determined by XMM–Newton in the 1–10 keV energy range, suggesting a progressive steepening of the spectrum with the energy.


Galaxies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Elena Fedorova ◽  
Bohdan Hnatyk ◽  
Antonino Del Popolo ◽  
Anatoliy Vasylenko ◽  
Vadym Voitsekhovskyi

We consider the sample of 55 blazars and Seyferts cross-correlated from the Planck all-sky survey based on the Early Release Compact Source Catalog (ERCSC) and Swift BAT 105-Month Hard X-ray Survey. The radio Planck spectra vs. X-ray Swift/XRT+BAT spectra of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) sample were fitted with the simple and broken power law (for the X-ray spectra taking into account also the Galactic neutral absorption) to test the dependencies between the photon indices of synchrotron emission (in radio range) and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) or inverse-Compton emission (in X-rays). We show that for the major part of the AGN in our sample there is a correspondence between synchrotron and SSC photon indices (one of two for broken power-law model) compatible within the error levels. For such objects, this can give a good perspective for the task of distinguishing between the jet base counterpart from that one emitted in the disk-corona AGN “central engine”.


1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 2427-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Wilson ◽  
A. J. Baxter ◽  
D. W. Green

During a rocket experiment launched to investigate cosmic X rays, the directional features and spectral characteristics of X rays from an auroral arc have been determined in the 1.6 to 10 keV energy range. The spectrum was best represented by a power law of slope −3.365 ± 0.07.


2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 451-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Sakano ◽  
Robert S. Warwick ◽  
Anne Decourchelle ◽  
Q. Daniel Wang

A comparison of the XMM-Newton and Chandra Galactic Center Surveys has revealed two faint X-ray transients with contrasting properties. The X-ray spectrum of XMM J174544−2913.0 shows a strong iron line with an equivalent width of ∼2 keV, whereas that of XMM J174457−2850.3 is characterized by a very hard continuum with photon index ∼1.0. The X-ray flux of both sources varied by more than two orders of magnitude over a period of months with a peak X-ray luminosity of 5 × 1034 ergs s−1. We discuss the nature of these peculiar sources.


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-349
Author(s):  
Ryo Nakata ◽  
Kiyoshi Hayashida ◽  
Hirofumi Noda ◽  
Tomokage Yoneyama ◽  
Hironori Matsumoto ◽  
...  

Abstract We investigate spatial distributions of iron Kα (Fe-Kα) lines in the cental 100 pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 observed with Chandra. The spatial distributions of Fe-Kα lines, neutral and highly ionized, around the center of the galactic nucleus are not isotropic, as consistently confirmed in both image and spectral analyses. The hydrogen number density of the gas clouds responsible for the neutral Fe-Kα line emission is estimated to be 102–103 cm−3 for the sampled regions near the galactic core. The photo-ionization model, where iron is assumed to be ionized by X-rays from the galactic nucleus, yields ionization parameters lower than 19 for these clouds. The range of this ionization parameter is two or three orders of magnitude lower than the theoretically expected value to produce the observed helium-like Fe-Kα line intensities. Therefore, the photo-ionization model is excluded from the explanation of the amount of highly ionized iron that is responsible for the observed Fe-Kα lines. Also, we find anti-correlation in the spatial distributions between the molecular cloud in the area observed with ALMA and that of the Fe-Kα lines, including that from neutral iron. We suggest that X-ray iron-line and radio molecular cloud observations are complementary to probe the distribution of matters in the central regions around the cores of active galactic nuclei.


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