scholarly journals XIX.—Magnetization and Resistance of Nickel Wire at High Temperatures. Part II.

1907 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
C. G. Knott
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
British Association ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Association Meeting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Wire

The experiments which form the subject of the present communication were carried out two years ago, and supplement results already published. A brief note of some of the results was read before the Society in June 1904, and was also read before the British Association Meeting at Cambridge in August of the same year.The previous paper discussed the effect of high temperature on the relation between electrical resistance and magnetization when the wire was magnetized longitudinally, that is, in the direction in which the resistance was measured.The present results have to do with the effect of high temperature on the relation between resistance and magnetization when the magnetization was transverse to the direction along which the resistance was measured.

scholarly journals The combustion of aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. II. The ignition of aromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures

1939 ◽  
Vol 171 (946) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Kinetics Of

In the first paper of this series (Burgoyne 1937) the kinetics of the isothermal oxidation above 400° C of several aromatic hydrocarbons was studied. The present communication extends this work to include the phenomena of ignition in the same temperature range, whilst the corresponding reactions below 400° C form the subject of further investigations now in progress. The hydrocarbons at present under consideration are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n -propylbenzene, o-, m - and p -xylenes and mesitylene.

scholarly journals VI. Electrification of air, of vapour of water, and of other gases

1898 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 187-228 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
British Association ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
The Subject

1. In this paper we describe a long series or experiments on the electrification of air and other gases, with which we have been occupied from May, 1894, up to the present time (June, 1897). Some results of our earlier experiments, and of preliminary efforts to find convenient methods of investigation, have from time to time been communicated to the Royal Society, the British Association, and the Glasgow Philosophical Society. 2. The method for testing the electrification of air, which we used in our earliest experiments, was an application of the water-dropper (long well-known in the ordinary observation of atmospheric electricity). Its use by Maclean and Goto, in 1890, led to an interesting discovery that air in an enclosed vessel, previously non-electrified, becomes electrified by a jet of water falling through it. An investigation of properties of matter concerned in this effect, related as it is to the “development of electricity in the breaking up of a liquid into drops,” which had been discovered by Holmgren as early as 1873, and to the later investigations and discoveries described by Lenard, in his paper on the “Electricity of Waterfalls,” forms the subject of 25-37 of the present communication.

scholarly journals I. On a standard voltaic battery

1874 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Potential ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
British Association ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mutual Relations

The object which the author had in view in pursuing the investigations alluded to in the following paper was to discover some form of voltaic battery which should have a perfectly constant electromotive force, and should maintain a uniform difference of electric potential between its poles. This want has been much felt by electricians; and the utility of such an investigation may be best shown by a brief reference to the recent history of electrical measurement. In September 1861 a paper was read by the author before the British Association for the Advancement of Science advocating the adoption of a series of standard units of electrical measurement, and pointing out the mutual relations which should exist between such units. The subject was independently supported in Committee by Sir William Thomson, F. R. S., and the result was the appointment of a “ Committee on Standards of Electrical Resistance,” and a grant of money was set aside for the purposes of the Committee.

scholarly journals Some notes on Carbon at high temperatures and pressures

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (533) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
Resistance Heating ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Electrical Resistance Heating ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gas Tight

Following the subject of my paper of 1888 to this Society, which will be referred to in a subsequent communication, attempts have recently been made to melt carbon by electrical resistance heating under pressure, and the following is a short summary of the results of about 100 experiments. The procedure has been on two lines. In the first, carbon is treated in bulk in a thick tube of 8 inches internal diameter of gun steel closed below by a massive pole of steel insulated from but gas tight with the mould and above by a closely fitting steel ram packed by copper rings imbedded in grooves in the ram or by leather and steel cups according to whether solids, liquids or gases are to be contained. The bore of the mould is generally lined with asbestos and after being charged the whole is placed under a 2000-ton press, the head and baseplate being insulated and connected to the terminals of a 300-kilowatt storage battery with coupling arrangements for 4, 8, 16 or 48 volts.

scholarly journals II. On the specific resistance of mercury

1883 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
British Association ◽  
Absolute Measure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Absolute Measurements

Our experiments on the determination of the British Association unit of electrical resistance in absolute measure are detailed in two memoirs communicated to the Society. The conclusion to which they led us is that 1 B. A. unit=·9865 earth quadrant / second, but this result differs considerably from that obtained by some other experimenters, the original Committee included. Although in the present state of the question it is not desirable that the B. A. unit should fall into disuse, there can be no question as to the importance of connecting it with the mercury unit introduced now more than twenty years ago by Siemens. It will then be possible, as recommended by the Paris Conference, to express our absolute measurements in terms of mercury, by stating what length of a column of mercury at 0° of 1 square millimetre section has a resistance of 1 ohm. Accordingly the experiments about to be described relate to the expression in terms of the B. A. unit of the resistances of known columns of mercury at 0°. This investigation was the more necessary, as the principal authorities on the subject, Dr. Werner Siemens and Dr. Matthiessen, had obtained results differing by as much as ·8 per cent.

XXII.—Note on the Electrical Resistance of Spark Gaps.

1908 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Robert A. Houstoun
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Spark Gap ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

Of recent years a considerable amount of work has been done in measuring the electrical resistance of spark gaps under different conditions. The subject is important, both for its application to wireless telegraphy and on account of its bearing on the mechanism of the spark gap. Spark spectra are, as is well known, more complex than arc spectra. Formerly this was attributed to a very high temperature in the spark, but it is now regarded as due to a disintegration of the atom produced in the spark gap. Or, as Baly puts it in his book on Spectroscopy, in the spark gap the atom is in a state of assisted radio-activity. If the current density in the spark gradually increases until it is strong enough to disintegrate a particular system in the atom, we should expect a new spectrum to be produced then, and probably a change in the resistance of the spark gap. My experiments have shown me that our methods of measuring the resistance of spark gaps are not nearly accurate enough to show such a change if it existed.

XX.—Changes of Electrical Resistance accompanying Longitudinal and Transverse Magnetizations in Nickel

1914 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 200-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Knott
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
High Fields ◽  
Very High

In 1903 I communicated to the Society a paper on the relation between magnetization and resistance of nickel at high temperatures (1). In this paper the magnetization was along the direction in which the resistance was measured. A second paper, in which the magnetization was transverse to the direction in which the resistance was measured, was communicated in 1906 (2). In these later experiments a flat coil of nickel wire was used; and it was necessary to use very high fields before an appreciable change of resistance was obtained.

Response of Elastomers to High Temperature Cure

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Improved Methods

Abstract It is well known to production people and to process engineers engaged in manufacturing rubber products that the output of curing operations can be greatly increased by elevating the temperature of vulcanization. For example, work done in the 1920's led to the curing of rubber-covered wire at 400° F using a continuous vulcanization (CV) process. Highly accelerated compounds capable of complete vulcanization in 15 seconds at 400° F are used in the wire industry. More recently the application of high temperature vulcanization methods has been vigorously pressed in the tire industry. While exact curing cycles are closely guarded secrets, it can be stated that passenger tires are vulcanized at temperatures up to 388° F (200 psi steam pressure) using press cycles of the order of 15 to 25 minutes' duration. New automatic presses which shape and then cure the tires at high temperatures—for example, Bagomatic tire curing press, McNeil Machinery & Engineering Co., Akron, Ohio—permit large economies in labor and productivity. Further reductions in curing cycles are anticipated, since the process engineers and rubber technologists continue to develop improved methods of high temperature curing. At this time it appears that the trend to higher temperature vulcanization will not only continue but tend to expand into other lines of rubber products. Considering the economic advantages which a given company may gain by a major advance in high temperature curing of tires or other rubber goods, it is not surprising that there have been only a few disclosures on high temperature curing technology.

II.—The “Kames” in the Neighbourhood of Newport, Fife, N.B.

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
James Durham
Keyword(s):  
British Association ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Association Meeting ◽  
The Subject

At the British Association Meeting in Dundee, in 1867, the late Dr. Chambers, in a brief paper, called the attention of Section C. to the existence of an “eskar” in the neighbouring parish of Forgan, in the County of Fife. As far as I can recollect or ascertain, the paper said little or nothing about the subject further than describing its situation, and recommending it to the attention of the Section. And I am not aware that the great accumulations of gravel and sand to which Dr. Chambers referred have been made the subject of systematic observation since.

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