scholarly journals VIII.—Note as to the Dynamical Equivalent of Temperature in Liquid Water, and the Specific Heat of Atmospheric Air and Steam, being a Supplement to a Paper On the Mechanical Action of Heat

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
William John Macquorn Rankine
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Apparent Specific Heat

(33*.) In my paper on the Mechanical Action of Heat, published in the 1st Part of the 20th Volume of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, some of the numerical results depend upon the dynamical equivalent of a degree of temperature in liquid water. The value of that quantity which I then used, was calculated from the experiments of De la Roche and Bérard on the apparent specific heat of atmospheric air under constant pressure, as compared with liquid water.The experiments of Mr Joule on the production of heat by friction, give, for the specific heat of liquid water, an equivalent about one-ninth part greater than that which is determined from those of De la Roche and Bérard. I was formerly disposed to ascribe this discrepancy in a great measure to the smallness of the differences of temperature measured by Mr Joule, and to unknown causes of loss of power in his apparatus, such as the production of sound and of electricity; but, subsequently to the publication of my paper, I have seen the detailed account of Mr Joule's last experiments in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850, which has convinced me, that the uncertainty arising from the smallness of the elevations of temperature, is removed by the multitude of experiments (being forty on water, fifty on mercury, and twenty on cast iron); that the agreement amongst the results from substances so different, shews that the error by unknown losses of power is insensible, or nearly so; and that the necessary conclusion is, that the dynamical value assigned by Mr Joule to the specific heat of liquid water, viz.:—772 feet per degree of Fahrenheit, does not err by more than two or at the utmost, three feet; and therefore, that the discrepancy originates chiefly in the experiments of De la Roche and Bérard.

4. On the Mechanical Action of Heat. Note as to the Dynamical Equivalent of Temperature in Liquid Water, and the Specific Heat of Atmospheric Air and Steam.

1857 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
W. J. Macquorn Rankine
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Apparent Specific Heat

In the author's paper on the Mechanical Action of Heat (Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., Vol. XX., Part I), the calculations depending on the dynamical equivalent of temperature in liquid water were founded on the experiments of De la Roche and Bérard on the ratio of the apparent specific heat of atmospheric air under constant pressure to that of water. The equivalent thus obtained was about one-tenth part less than Mr Joule's. Since then, the author, having become acquainted with the details of Mr Joule's experiments, has come to the conclusion that Mr Joule's equivalent is correct to aboutof its amount, and that the discrepancy in question originates chiefly in the experiments of De la Roche and Bérard.

scholarly journals XXVIII.—On the Computation of the Specific Heat of Liquid Water at various Temperatures, from the Experiments of M. Regnault

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
William John Macquorn Rankine
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Apparent Specific Heat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Great Force

Correction of M. Regnault's Experiments for the Effect of Agitation.The discovery by Mr Joule of the fact, that mechanical power expended in the agitation of liquids is converted into heat as the visible agitation subsides, renders a certain correction necessary in calculating the results of experiments on specific heat in which such agitation has occurred.Of this kind are the experiments of M. Regnault on the apparent specific heat of liquid water at different temperatures. Water at a high temperature, T3, was emitted from a boiler into a calorimeter containing water at a low temperature, Tl, and the resulting intermediate temperature of the whole mass, T2, was used as the means of calculating the ratio of the mean specific heat of water between T3 and T2, to its mean specific heat between T2 and T1. Now, the upper part of the boiler contained steam at a high pressure, so that the hot water was expelled with great force.

A Rational Equation of State for Water and Water Vapor in the Critical Region

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Parametric Equation ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Specific Volumes

A parametric equation of state was derived for water and water vapor in the critical region from experimental P-V-T data. It is valid in that part of the critical region encompassed by pressures from 3000 to 4000 psia, specific volumes from 0.0400 to 0.1100 ft3/lb, and temperatures from 698 to 752 deg F. The equation of state satisfies all of the known conditions at the critical point. It also satisfies the conditions along certain of the boundaries which probably separate “supercritical liquid” from “supercritical vapor.” The equation of state, though quite simple in form, is probably superior to any equation heretofore derived for water and water vapor in the critical region. Specifically, the deviations between the measured and computed values of pressure in the large majority of the cases were within three parts in one thousand. This coincides approximately with the overall uncertainty in P-V-T measurements. In view of these factors, the author recommends that the equation be used to derive values for such thermodynamic properties as specific heat at constant pressure, enthalpy, and entropy in the critical region.

Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Ethanol by Flow Calorimetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Miyazawa ◽  
Satoshi Kondo ◽  
Takuya Suzuki ◽  
Haruki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Flow Calorimetry

3. Results of Experiments on the Specific Heat of Certain Rocks

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
M. Regnault
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Specific Heats

Professor Forbes observed that, in his communication to the Royal Society on the Conductivity of Soils for Heat, on the 20th December last (see Proceedings, page 343*), he had referred to the separation of the conductivity and specific heat, which are involved in the results of the thermometric experiments on subterranean temperature. In order to eliminate the effect of specific heat, M. Regnault of Paris (well known by his experiments on this subject) undertook, at the request of M. Elie de Beaumont, to ascertain the specific heats of the soils in which the different sets of thermometers are sunk.

Effects of central injection of biogenic amines during arousal from hibernation

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. R162-R167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Glass ◽  
L. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Apparent Specific Heat ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injections ◽  
Made In

Simultaneous measurements of heat production (HP) and heat loss (HL) and brain and rectal temperatures were made in Richardon's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) rewarming from hibernation at an ambient temperature of 6.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Calculations from HP and HL measurements from control animals showed that due to differential rewarming, there was a reduction of apparent specific heat of the animal to 0.59 cal/g. degrees C. This resulted in an energy saving of 30%. Three intracerebroventricular injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of 56 microgram each at brain temperatures of 10, 20, and 30 degrees C caused initial suppression of HP and a greater overall HL, which resulted in a slower rate of arousal as compared to the controls. Injections of norepinephrine (NE) of 12.5 microgram each at similar brain temperatures caused a greater rate of HP, which resulted in a faster rate of arousal as compared to the controls. The respective actions of 5-HT and NE on thermoregulation during rewarming are similar to those in some euthermic hibernators and nonhibernating species. Our data indicated that these substances evoke thermoregulatory responses during arousal in much the same manner as during normothermia.

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