scholarly journals Developing best practice guidelines for designing living environments for people with dementia and sight loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISON BOWES ◽  
ALISON DAWSON ◽  
CORINNE GREASLEY-ADAMS ◽  
LOUISE MCCABE
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Research Findings

ABSTRACTThe paper considers a process of developing evidence-based design guidelines to be used in environments where people with dementia and sight loss are living. The research involved a systematically conducted literature review and a series of consultations with people affected by dementia and/or sight loss who lived or worked in care homes or in domestic settings. Findings from the literature and the consultations were used in an iterative process to develop the guidelines. The process is outlined, providing examples from the guidelines about lighting and colour and contrast. In discussing the research findings and the development process, the authors consider implications of the work including the weakness of the evidence base, the challenges of improving this and the need for innovative approaches to understanding the complexities of design for people with dementia and sight loss. They highlight the emphasis in the literature on independence for people with sight loss and the focus on control of people with dementia, arguing that this falls short of a genuinely person-centred approach, which recognises the active participation of people with dementia and sight loss.

Opioid crisis in primary care? An audit of high-dose opioid prescribing at Bangholm GP Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711581
Author(s):  
Charlotte Greene ◽  
Alice Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines

BackgroundOpioids are effective analgesics for acute and palliative pain, but there is no evidence base for long-term pain relief. They also carry considerable risks such as overdose and dependence. Despite this, they are increasingly prescribed for chronic pain. In the UK, opioid prescribing more than doubled between 1998 and 2018.AimAn audit at Bangholm GP Practice to understand the scale of high-strength opioid prescribing. The aim of the audit was to find out if indications, length of prescription, discussion, and documentation at initial consultation and review process were consistent with best-practice guidelines.MethodA search on Scottish Therapeutics Utility for patients prescribed an average daily dose of opioid equivalent ≥50 mg morphine between 1 July 2019 and 1 October 2019, excluding methadone, cancer pain, or palliative prescriptions. The Faculty of Pain Medicine’s best-practice guidelines were used.ResultsDemographics: 60 patients (37 females), average age 62, 28% registered with repeat opioid prescription, 38% comorbid depression. Length of prescription: average 6 years, 57% >5 years, 22% >10 years. Opioid: 52% tramadol, 23% on two opioids. Indications: back pain (42%), osteoarthritis (12%), fibromyalgia (10%). Initial consultation: 7% agreed outcomes, 35% follow-up documented. Review: 56% 4-week, 70% past year.ConclusionOpioid prescribing guidelines are not followed. The significant issues are: long-term prescriptions for chronic pain, especially back pain; new patients registering with repeat prescriptions; and no outcomes of treatment agreed, a crucial message is the goal is pain management rather than relief. Changes have been introduced at the practice: a patient information sheet, compulsory 1-month review for new patients on opioids, and in-surgery pain referrals.

scholarly journals Moving beyond “Best Practice”: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings

2020 ◽  
Vol 687 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. Engel ◽  
Hannah D. McManus ◽  
Gabrielle T. Isaza
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Police Executives ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Strong Body ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Evidence Based Policing

In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are not supported by a strong body of empirical evidence that demonstrates their effectiveness. Guided by the available research on evidence-based policing and informed by the firsthand experience of one of the authors in implementing departmental reforms that followed the fatal shooting of a civilian by an officer, this article highlights promising reform strategies and opportunities to build the evidence base for effective use-of-force reforms. We call upon police executives to engage in evidence-based policing by scientifically testing interventions, and we call on academics to engage in rapid research responses for critical issues in policing.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review to Determine Best Practice Reporting Guidelines for AFO Interventions in Studies Involving Children with Cerebral Palsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ridgewell ◽  
Fiona Dobson ◽  
Timothy Bach ◽  
Richard Baker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Studies which have examined the effects of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) on children with cerebral palsy (CP) often report insufficient detail about the participants, devices and testing protocols. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the level and quality of detail reported about these factors in order to generate best practice guidelines for reporting of future studies. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify studies which examined any outcome measure relating to AFO use in children with CP. A customized checklist was developed for data extraction and quality assessment. There was substantial variability in the level and quality of detail reported across the 41-paper yield. Many papers reported insufficient detail to allow synthesis of outcomes across studies. The findings of this review have been used to generate guidelines for best practice of reporting for AFO intervention studies. It is important to ensure homogeneity of gait pattern in a subject sample or to subdivide a sample to investigate the possibility that heterogeneity affected results. It is also important to describe the orthosis in sufficient detail that the device can be accurately replicated because differences in designs have been shown to affect outcomes. These guidelines will help researchers provide more systematic and detailed reports and thereby permit future reviewers to more accurately assess both the reporting and quality of orthotic interventions, and will facilitate synthesis of literature to enhance the evidence base.

Scar Management in Hand Therapy – is our Practice Evidence Based?

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Hand Therapy ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Scar Management

Hand therapists use a range of interventions for the management of scars in order to maintain tissue mobility and joint motion for effective hand function. This is well supported within the literature, however it is also suggested that there is a poor evidence base for the treatments that are so widely accepted by clinicians. A review of the recent literature and research findings was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the modalities being used. Research in support of some of the techniques utilised within scar management programmes is limited, with anecdotal evidence and clinical experience continuing to prevail in the choice of treatment. Clinicians need a more credible evidence base to support their interventions and further large-scale research is required.

Evidence-Based Practices for Teaching Learners on the Autism Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Structured Learning ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Inclusive School ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Teachers And Parents

The rising number of students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in schools, and the unique characteristics of these students, has led many educators and parents to question the types of programs and strategies that are most effective in supporting them to achieve within school climates and curriculum of the early 21st century. Moreover, educators and parents must sort through the plethora of information and reports of interventions and treatments claiming to treat or cure autism in order to determine what strategies will best support their children or students. A number of studies have focused on determining the evidence base of specific practices for students on the autism spectrum. However, only a few have investigated the applicability of these strategies in inclusive school environments or specifically employed strategies to address academic needs. This has created a research-to-practice gap for educators working with students on the autism spectrum in inclusive school settings. More promising are studies which have highlighted elements of effective practice in education programs. An analysis of this research reveals four principles of best practice for schools and educators working with students on the autism spectrum: provision of a supportive and structured learning environment for staff and students; consistent provision of child-centered and evidence-based curriculum and instruction; multidisciplinary engagement and collaboration; and meaningful communication and collaboration between families and schools. These principles provide a framework for teachers and parents to work alongside students on the autism spectrum to plan, implement and evaluate strategies that can be embedded and implemented in the class program and are effective in supporting the specific needs of individual students on the autism spectrum.

Evidence-based policing in Australia: an examination of the appropriateness and transparency of lineup identification and investigative interviewing practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Cullen ◽  
Lisanne Adam ◽  
Celine van Golde
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Investigative Interviewing ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Police Investigations ◽  
American Psychology ◽  
Lineup Identification ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evidence Based Policing

Psychological research has been pivotal in influencing the way police forces globally approach and undertake criminal investigations. Increasing psychological research in recent years has led to the development of best-practice guidelines for conducting police investigations, across a number of key areas of criminal investigation. For example, procedures for creating and conducting lineups as recommended by the American Psychology-Law Society, and the UK-developed PEACE model for investigative interviewing, have both been of influence in Australia. However, the extent to which these evidence-based recommendations have been incorporated into policing practice within Australia is unclear. In this article, we conducted an exploratory review of publicly available policing documents within Australian states and territories, to determine the extent to which best practice lineup identification and investigative interviewing procedures have been adopted into police practice. The review revealed that for lineup identification procedures, many of the basic recommendations for conducting lineups were not incorporated into publicly available policing manuals. For investigative interviewing, it appeared on the surface that elements of the PEACE model were implemented within most Australian jurisdictions, albeit this was often not explicitly stated within policing documents. A key issue identified was a lack of (understandable) public transparency of policing procedure, as a number of Australian jurisdictions failed to have publicly available policing manuals or handbooks against which to evaluate their procedures. Therefore, we argue that there is a need for better collaboration between researchers and law enforcement in order to achieve evidence-based, transparent policing within Australia.

scholarly journals What do volunteers want from citizen science technologies? A systematic literature review and best practice guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. A02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemis Skarlatidou ◽  
Alexandra Hamilton ◽  
Michalis Vitos ◽  
Muki Haklay
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Cooperative Evaluation ◽  
Interaction Research

Although hundreds of citizen science applications exist, there is lack of detailed analysis of volunteers' needs and requirements, common usability mistakes and the kinds of user experiences that citizen science applications generate. Due to the limited number of studies that reflect on these issues, it is not always possible to develop interactions that are beneficial and enjoyable. In this paper we perform a systematic literature review to identify relevant articles which discuss user issues in environmental digital citizen science and we develop a set of design guidelines, which we evaluate using cooperative evaluation. The proposed research can assist scientists and practitioners with the design and development of easy to use citizen science applications and sets the basis to inform future Human-Computer Interaction research in the context of citizen science.

scholarly journals Involvement of People With Dementia in the Development of Technology-Based Interventions: Narrative Synthesis Review and Best Practice Guidelines (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur Rai ◽  
Aline Cavalcanti Barroso ◽  
Lauren Yates ◽  
Justine Schneider ◽  
Martin Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Technology can be helpful in supporting people with dementia in their daily lives. However, people with dementia are often not fully involved in the development process of new technology. This lack of involvement of people with dementia in developing technology-based interventions can lead to the implementation of faulty and less suitable technology. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate current approaches and create best practice guidelines for involving people with dementia in developing technology-based interventions. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in January 2019 in the following databases: EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database), PsycINFO, MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Web of Science. The search strategy included search terms in 3 categories: <i>dementia</i>, <i>technology</i>, and <i>involvement in development</i>. Narrative synthesis wove the evidence together in a structured approach. RESULTS A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies involved people with dementia in a single phase, such as development (n=10), feasibility and piloting (n=7), or evaluation (n=1). Only 3 studies described involvement in multiple phases. Frequently used methods for assessing involvement included focus groups, interviews, observations, and user tests. CONCLUSIONS Most studies concluded that it was both necessary and feasible to involve people with dementia, which can be optimized by having the right prerequisites in place, ensuring that technology meets standards of reliability and stability, and providing a positive research experience for participants. Best practice guidelines for the involvement of people with dementia in developing technology-based interventions are described.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document