Wars of Civilization: The US Army Contemplates Wounded Knee, the Pullman Strike, and the Philippine Insurrection

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Murolo
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Us Army ◽  
State Action ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wounded Knee ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis article explores the military history that links federal suppression of the Pullman Strike in 1894 to the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 and the US conquest of the Philippines in 1899–1903. Military men expressed remarkably similar understandings of their targets in the three campaigns, and in each case they paired condemnations of the enemy with many of the same positive stereotypes of soldiers like themselves. Analysis of this imagery offers new perspectives on the US Army's role in imperial projects as well as state action against labor. If strikers resembled unruly colonial subjects in the military mind, the reverse also held true; and soldiers' self-representations reveal that their goals did not necessarily match the state's agenda.

Human Performance Optimization

Head Strong ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Leader Development ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Near Future

Budgetary constraints and emerging advances in weapons technology have resulted in a substantial reduction in the sizes of contemporary military forces. The US Army, at less than 500,000 soldiers, is a fraction of its size of a generation ago, yet the demands for it to deploy in a variety of missions around the globe have only increased. This chapter reviews current and emerging strategies that may aid in optimizing soldier performance. Developments in human physiology, genetics, nutrition, neurotechnology, sleep, noncognitive amplifiers, and leader development are described. Currently available strategies are identified, as are approaches to human performance optimization that are likely to emerge in the near future. Extrapolations of human performance optimization protocols to other contexts beyond the military are considered.

US Army

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kruszyński
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Continental Army ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analytical Centers

The tradition of the US Army dates back to the era of patrimony of the Continental army, which was established on June 14, 1775. Topics related to land troops of the US Army are very complex and involve many substantial threads from the 18th to the 21st century. Publications on this subject can be divided into articles published in scientific journals, popular-science articles, and books. The books on the army can be further divided into synthesis (general overviews), anthologies, encyclopedias and dictionaries, autobiographies and biographies (personal and collective), journalistic reports, and monographs. In terms of thematic monographs, there are monographs of individual battles, campaigns, wars, intervention units, doctrines, and weapons. Autobiographies and biographies relate specifically to leaders of the US Army, and in doing so highlight related topics of the US Army’s evolution and history. Encyclopedias and dictionaries of armed conflicts focus on concepts or people. Journalistic reports apply to individual campaigns. These publications represent the achievements of military institutions connected with the US Army, analytical centers, think-tanks, and independent researchers. The most valuable publications, in terms of the merit, are those issued by the US universities and research institutions associated with the US Army, including the official US Army Center of Military History.

Edward M. Almond and the US Army

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Greatest Generation ◽  
Virginia Military Institute ◽  
The Us ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military

This biography examines the long career of Lt. Gen. Edward M. Almond, who was born to a family of modest means in rural Virginia. His early education at the Virginia Military Institute, steeped him in Confederate lore and nurtured his “can do” attitude, natural aggressiveness, demanding personality and sometimes self-serving nature. These qualities later earned him the sobriquet “Sic’em, Ned,” which stuck with him for the remainder of his career. Almond commanded the African-American 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. The division failed in combat and was re-organized, after which it contained one white, one black, and the Army’s only Japanese-American (Nisei) regiment. The years since that war have seen the glorification of the “Greatest Generation,” with all racist notions and ideas “whitewashed” with a veneer of honor. When war came to Korea, Almond commanded X Corps in the Inchon invasion, liberation of Seoul, race to the Yalu. When the Chinese entered the war and sent the US Army into retreat, Almond mounted one of the largest evacuations in history at Hungnam -- but not before the disaster at Chosin claimed the lives of hundreds of soldiers and marines. This book reveals Almond as a man who stubbornly held onto bigoted attitudes about race, but also exhibited an unfaltering commitment to the military profession. Often viewed as the “Army’s racist,” Almond reflected the attitudes of the Army and society. This book places Almond in a broader context and presents a more complete picture of this flawed man yet gifted officer.

The Heringen Collection of the US Geological Survey Library, Reston, Virginia

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hadden
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Us Army ◽  
German Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
The Military

A special collection of German, Polish, and Russian language books, maps and reports in the US Geological Survey Library has an interesting and unusual history. The so-called ‘Heringen Collection’ came from Nazi Germany. Many of these items were captured from libraries, offices and even private homes as the German Army advanced into neighboring countries. In the last days of the war, these maps, reports, photos and other records were sent from the Military Geology offices in Berlin to the safety of a deep potash mineshaft in Heringen (Werra), in Hessen, Germany. A group of US Army soldiers found these lost records of the Third Reich. When removed from the Heringen mine, those records that dealt with the earth sciences, terrain analysis, military geology and other geological matters were sent to the USGS, and eventually came to reside at the USGS Library. The printed papers and books were mostly incorporated into the main collection, but a portion of the materials have never been cataloged, calendared or indexed. These materials have many current uses, including projects of value to citizens in their nations of origin.

Interview with Brigadier General Richard C. Gross

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (893) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Joint Chiefs Of Staff ◽  
The Us ◽  
Virginia School ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Army War College ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military

Brigadier General Richard C. “Rich” Gross is the US Army Legal Counsel to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He attended the Military Academy at West Point and was commissioned in the US Army as a second lieutenant in the Infantry. He also attended the University of Virginia School of Law and the US Army Judge Advocate General's Corps. He holds a Master's degree in strategic studies from the US Army War College. Prior to his current position, he served as the Chief Legal Adviser for the Joint Special Operations Command, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), US Forces-Afghanistan (USFOR-A) and at US Central Command.The scope of application of international humanitarian law (IHL) is a deceptively simple concept; broadly speaking, it is where, when and to whom the IHL rules apply. Although this has always been a precondition for discussing IHL issues, the outer limits of the law's applicability remain unsettled. To open this issue on the nuances of the scope of the law's application, Brigadier General Gross gave the following interview providing the US perspective on the circumstances in which IHL applies, and the challenges that lie ahead in light of the ongoing evolution of the way war is waged.

High Stakes in Ohio

Peacemakers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Pardew
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Military Power ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Military

The Dayton proximity talks are a vast diplomatic undertaking. Holbrooke is the ringmaster of this unwieldy operation with no guarantee of success. Attendees perceive a dinner at an Air Force museum as a show of US military power. Talks happen on many levels in the first two weeks, but key issues remain unsolved. Neoconservative Richard Perle arrives to assist the Bosnian Muslim delegation. The military annex becomes a major point of negotiations between Washington and the US negotiators at Dayton. Milosevic assures Pardew’s spouse that their son, an officer in the US Army, will be safe in Bosnia.

The Spider Web Chart

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Connected Network ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Unique Power

This chapter examines how the anticommunist movement created the so-called Spider Web Chart that articulated its narrative of a vast and deadly conspiracy against America mounted from within by Bolshevik spies, agents, and dupes. Representatives of government, big business, high finance, and the military were linked ever tightly by the rallying cause of anticommunism. The anticommunist movement sought to coherently define their cause and promote it in the wider community. Soon enough, the movement produced its ideal propaganda in an image that satisfied its members' political and psychological needs: the Spider Web Chart. Produced by the Chemical Warfare Service of the US Army, the chart proved to be a scheme of unique power, ideal for spreading the message of anticommunism. This chapter first considers how the Spider Web Chart was conceptualized before discussing its enduring effects. It shows that the Spider Web Chart encouraged anticommunists to develop an extensive and highly connected network of kindred associations and a monolithic ideology.

The Regulation of Alcohol and other Drugs in a Colonial Context: United States Policy towards the Philippines, C. 1898–1910

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
East Asia Region ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
The Military

The article compares attitudes towards and laws regulating the use of alcohol and opium in the United States (US) colonial possession of the Philippines. Forces within the United States and missionary groups in the field in the Philippines fought to have the supply of alcohol to American troops restricted by abolition of the military canteen system, and to eliminate use of alcohol among the indigenous population. To achieve these aims, they developed highly skilled networks of political lobbying led by Wilbur Craft's International Reform Bureau. Temperance, church and missionary groups differed among themselves over the relative seriousness of the two drugs’ impact in the Philippines, but skillfully adapted their tactics in the light of experience in the colony to focus on opium. They developed a tacit coalition with the US government, using the Philippines opium policy to distinguish the United States as a morally superior colonial ruler. By lobbying the government to oppose opium use in the East Asia region, they served to promote an American regional hegemony, and provided an important departure point for modern US drug poalicies.

scholarly journals Positionality in Embodied War Imaginaries: American Snipers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Military History ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wilderness Programs ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
The Military ◽  
Eventual Death

This paper maps the positionality of two soldiers embodied experiences as snipers for the US military. One, Chris Kyle who is labeled as “the most lethal sniper in US military history,” wrote a book uncritically glorifying his experiences, which was later turned into the Oscar nominated film American Sniper. His attempt to help veterans heal from PTSD by taking them shooting was a possible trigger that reignited the traumas of war, which can be traced to his eventual death. The other, Garett Reppenhagen, who was the first active duty member of the antiwar group Iraq Veterans Against the War, and currently works to help others heal from the traumas of war by getting them engaged in wilderness programs and environmental activism. Both stories expose a range of traumas of war, both within wartime and in peacetime, and we see the ways in which their narratives of war have different reflections of what it means to heal during times of peace. This paper juxtaposes these two stories, their war imaginaries, and how one works to reinforce the military dispositif, while the other works to impede it in favor of human rights.

scholarly journals Military Bands and Government Documents

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Wind Band ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Bands ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

Since before the founding of the United States, musicians have been an integral part of the military. Throughout history armies have used trumpets and drums to enhance communication and assist the movement of mass forces. Over time, the military has influenced both the makeup of musical ensembles, and styles of popular music. The modern American wind band featuring brass, woodwinds and percussion, is modeled after British military bands. And the marches of John Phillip Sousa, who served as the director of the President’s Own Marine Band for twelve years, remain popular to this day. His “Stars and Stripes Forever” is considered our national march. Today, the US Army declares itself “the oldest and largest employer of musicians in the world.”

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