Inflation: an international monetary problem or a national social phenomenon?

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Zis
Keyword(s):  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wrong Diagnosis ◽  
Economic Objective

To reduce, and ultimately stabilize at lower levels, the rate of price inflation is rapidly becoming the main economic objective of all industrialized countries. For policy makers inflation is currently a problem as serious as was the problem of unemployment during the inter-war years. Yet, governments' attempts to control inflation have not on the whole been successful. This relative failure may well be attributed to a wrong diagnosis of the nature of the problem, leading to the application of inappropriate cures. Economists have advanced a variety of diagnoses of the causes of inflation which have provided the bases for various policy prescriptions. Essentially, however, there are two schools of thought.

scholarly journals “I’m Getting Older Too”: Challenges and Benefits Experienced by Very Old Parents and Their Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 754-754
Author(s):  
Kathrin Boerner ◽  
Elizabeth Gallagher ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Daniela Jopp ◽  
Yijung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Very old parents and their “old” children are a growing group in industrialized countries worldwide. Since most very old persons have outlived spouses and friends, their children, many of whom have reached old age themselves, are likely to become their primary social contact and to shoulder the care provision role. However, virtually nothing is known about the nature and implications of this relationship constellation. To fill this gap, the present study explored the challenges and rewards of the very old parent-child relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with 114 parent-child dyads (parent age ≥ 90; child age ≥ 65). Narrative interview data on challenges and rewards were audiotaped, transcribed, and then systematically reviewed and coded, identifying recurrent themes and defining categories that reflected these themes. While both challenges and rewards were present, more rewards than challenges were reported overall. However, comparing parent and child perspectives revealed that the balance of challenges and rewards was less favorable for children. Narrative data further showed that the sense of burdening their children heavily weighed on at least a fourth of parents, reflecting this as a serious concern not only for children but also for parents. Challenges reported by children were often characterized by references to children’s own advanced age and health problems, and the prolonged caregiving involvement due to their parents’ longevity. Healthcare professionals, policy makers, and families should be made aware of this increasingly common phenomenon, and specific services and policies will be needed to adequately support very old adults and their families.

scholarly journals Pollution-Free Road Lighting

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duco A. Schreuder
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Technical Report

The beneficial effects of road lighting are often seen as very important. They relate to reducing road accidents and some forms of crime but also enhance the social safety of residents and pedestrians and the amenity for residents. Road traffic in developing countries is much more hazardous than in industrialized countries. Accident rates in ‘low’ income countries may be as much as 35 times higher than in ‘high’ income countries. Thus, it might be much more cost-effective to light roads in the developing world than in the industrialized world. Fighting light pollution is more pressing in developing countries as most of the major high-class astronomical observatories are there. Astronomical observations are disturbed by light from outdoor lighting installations, part of which is scattered in the atmosphere to form ‘sky glow’. The International Lighting Commission CIE has published a Technical Report giving general guidance for lighting designers and policy makers on the reduction of the sky glow.

Leapfrogging an IT Labor Force

2002 ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Trauth
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Newly Industrializing Countries ◽  
Information Sector ◽  
It Workers ◽  
Resource Issue

Throughout the world countries recognizing the economic benefits of IT are rapidly developing information sectors. Advanced industrialized nations have been moving gradually from industrial to post-industrial work while newly industrializing nations are leapfrogging directly from agrarian to information-intensive work. At the close of the twentieth century some interesting tensions result from these two types of nations moving in the same direction. An important issue for both advanced industrialized countries and newly industrializing nations is the human resource issue. Managers at multinational firms as well as policy makers in newly industrializing countries recognize the need for developing qualified IT personnel. The Irish IT sector provides a valuable setting for studying human resource issues associated with the rapid development of an information sector because it affords the opportunity to explore both the multinational and the indigenous viewpoints. Two key human resource issues for the global IT sector are explored in this paper: ensuring a supply of qualified IT workers in the host country and managing IT workers in a cross-cultural work environment. This paper is based upon an ethnographic study of the information sector in Ireland. The issues that are raised represent the experiences of American and Irish managers, Irish policy makers and Irish IT workers.

Should Inflation Targeters Intervene in the Foreign Exchange Market?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish R. Ghosh ◽  
Jonathan D. Ostry ◽  
Mahvash S. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Imbalances ◽  
Exchange Rate Movements

This chapter addresses whether foreign exchange (FX) intervention—and, more generally, activist policies including the use of macroprudential measures and capital controls—is really incompatible with an inflation-targeting (IT) framework. While a purist view of inflation targeting would argue for the central bank to use only its policy interest rate, and to target only the inflation rate, a broader perspective is that policy makers should try to address all of the various macroeconomic imbalances associated with large inflows—not just consumer price inflation—and should make use of all of the relevant policy instruments. Focusing on the use of sterilized intervention to manage the exchange rate, the chapter shows that having a second instrument and a second objective is not at all inconsistent with the central bank attaining its inflation target. If anything, it makes inflation-targeting more attractive and enhances welfare if exchange rate movements are costly.

Widening the Options

2018 ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Richard Newfarmer ◽  
John Page ◽  
Finn Tarp
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Will Force

Structural change is taking place in Africa at a pace and with a pattern distinct from the historical experience of today’s industrialized countries. These differences reflect technological change, a changing global marketplace interacting with policy, a rapidly growing labour force and natural endowments. Some African countries, perhaps with coastal locations, will be able to transform their economic structures through manufacturing. However, it would be surprising if the successful African economy of the future closely followed the export-oriented manufacturing-led path that characterized East Asia’s structural transformation. Africa’s growing economies are likely to have economic structures that contain high value-added agriculture, agro-industry and tradable services in addition to a more robust manufacturing base. Global realities will force Africa’s policy makers to think of ways to promote structural transformation into activities beyond manufacturing.

Government retrenchment and citizen participation in volunteering: A cross-national analysis of OECD countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
National Study ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Government Role ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
Cross National

In most industrialized countries, politicians and policy makers face unprecedented levels of fiscal pressure. Such pressure has compelled governments to conduct substantial cuts in government spending and services. While policy makers have attempted to build a strong civil society to compensate for the declining government role, previous studies have not examined the link between government retrenchment and citizen involvement in volunteering. This study examines such a relationship by conducting a cross-national study of OECD countries. After controlling for individual- and country-level factors, the findings show that government retrenchment is positively associated with citizen volunteering.

President’s Farewell Message: The Anthropocene, Earth Jurisprudence, and the Rights of Nature

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hiroshi FUKURAI
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Island States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Many ◽  
Legal Concepts

Abstract A new paradigmatic shift in confronting the climactic endgame of the Anthropocene in Asia is in order. Scientific studies warned that Asia would become the epicentre of anthropogenic catastrophes and environmental disasters in the world. As the outgoing Asian Law and Society Association (ALSA) president, I wish to contribute to critical discussions on two issues: (1) Earth Jurisprudence and (2) the Rights of Nature. These legal concepts must be critically examined, discussed, and developed by socio-legal researchers and policy-makers in order to avert the impending crises of the Anthropocene in Asia. This report examines the recent development of a robust movement toward Earth Jurisprudence in multiple countries of Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific—that is, countries that have recently enshrined the concept of the Rights of Nature into their legal system through transforming nature into rights-bearing entities in order to protect them from harmful human activities. Failing any significant remedial measures, many Asian cities, shores, and coastlines, including the archipelagos of multiple island states in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean may soon disappear due to the many decades of egregious human activities of industrialized countries and the corporate world. A robust system of Earth Jurisprudence must be established, in which the Rights of Nature must be imbedded in the centre of legislative and constitutional discussions and deliberations.

scholarly journals Appropriate Technology and Economic Development of Emerging Economies – A Myth or a Reality

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durgamohan Musunuri
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
State Of Affairs

The appropriateness of technology being purchased, transferred, and used by emerging economies has been an issue raised at different world forums and discussed with no appreciable change in the state of affairs. However there are changes occurring due to the innovative ways in which the same technology is put to use resulting in products that have found easy acceptance amongst the users. This development questions the premise on which appropriateness of technology is judged. The paper reviews the existing literature on appropriate technology and makes an attempt to identify the characteristics of an appropriate technology and validates these characteristics through the case study approach. The research points out two different facets of use of technology, one in which high technology and the products based on it are adopted without any modification and accepted too. The other is the use of high technology to develop products that are appropriate but are very different from the products for which the high technology was initially developed. Whether the technology is high or basic should not be a debatable issue, but technology that finds acceptance in the emerging economies becomes appropriate. Only those technologies have found acceptance, which take into consideration the economic, cultural, and environmental conditions prevailing in these emerging economies. The findings and the conclusions of the paper have implications for the policy makers as well as business enterprises of not only emerging economies but also of industrialized countries.

scholarly journals PREDICTORS OF EXCHANGE RATE RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Bayu Arie Fianto ◽  
Nisful Laila ◽  
Raditya Sukmana ◽  
Muhammad Madyan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Federal Fund Rate ◽  
The Us

Using historical time-series data, we investigate Indonesia’s exchange rate return predictability. We employ nine predictors, namely stock price, gold price, oil price, commodity price, inflation, balance of payment, total exports, the US T-bill rate, and the US federal fund rate. With historical data, we fail to discover any evidence that these factors predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns. However, we find that oil price, commodity price, inflation, and the US T-bill rate can significantly predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns during the Asian financial crisis. Our findings key implication is that it is the external factors that dominate the evolution of Indonesia’s exchange rate, and inflation rate is the only domestic factor for policy makers to control.

Education for sustainable development in the UK: Making the connections between the environment and development agendas

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Bourn
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Development Agendas

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an initiative that dates back to the early 1990s. Whilst policy statements at this time referred to ESD as a bringing together of environmental and development education, in the UK, as in most other industrialized countries, it has been the environmental agenda that has tended to dominate. In the UK, policy-makers have since 1997 played an increasingly leading role in promoting ESD, particularly within schools. However, the drive behind these initiatives poses wider questions about their ultimate purpose: a learning agenda or one based on seeking behavioural change? Development education has always been the junior partner in the ESD debates in the UK, in part because of its low academic profile but also because of the policy separation by governments.This has, however, begun to change through the merging of policy initiatives around ESD and global citizenship which, by their very nature, are again posing the wider questions about the purpose and goal of these agendas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document