Economic Forces and Hospital Technology

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Economic Nature ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe paper considers the economic characteristics of technology and suggests a categorization based on the economic nature of particular technologies and their effect on the product health care that may be helpful in considering the economics of technology in hospitals.It reviews the range of economic forces that might be expected to apply to the use of technology in the hospital setting, and notes some of the evidence to support such hypotheses. In considering the limited evidence from the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe, the paper contrasts its focus on socio-political, institutional, and organizational factors, rather than the direct economic factors considered in the United States work.It suggests that the multiplicity of forces at work make cross-national, empirical, and policy analyses very difficult. Indeed, without more economic appraisal the effect of differences in technology adoption cannot be evaluated.

The Conundrum of Reform: A Comparative Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia W. Ingraham ◽  
B. Guy Peters
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Procedural Reform ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Despite obvious cross-national political and cultural differences, civil service reform policies exhibit strong similarities. An examination of reform efforts in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia emphasizes the centrality of politics and political processes to administrative reform. This is true for mechanical or procedural reform, structural reform and what we termed “relational reforms,” or, reforms aimed at restructuring the relationship between politicians and career civil servants. The overriding influence of politics reduces policy design considerations and often results in solutions that do not match the problems being addressed. The outcomes are new bureaucratic problems and the need for additional reforms.

A cross-national analysis of PhD models

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Yasmine Dominguez-Whitehead ◽  
Felix Maringe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supervision Models ◽  
Phd Supervision ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

PurposeThis paper provides a cross-national analysis of PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in order to compare PhD programs and their practices.Design/methodology/approachA comparative approach is employed, which systematically interrogates PhD supervision models, milestones and examination procedures in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States via a comprehensive review of the practices and literature.FindingsThe findings indicate the ramifications of the different approaches and highlight the benefits and drawbacks associated with the different models.Originality/valueBy making explicit the dominant supervision models, milestones and examination procedures that exist in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States, the authors shed light on the somewhat obscure path to earning a PhD degree.

Retaliation, Bargaining, and the Pursuit of “Free and Fair” Trade

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Gawande ◽  
Wendy L. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Economic

That domestic political economic factors are important determinants of a nation's trade barriers has been empirically well established. However, the question of how effective strategically retaliatory trade barriers are in deterring foreign protectionism has received far less systematic empirical attention. In this article we use bilateral nontariff barrier (NTB) data between the United States and five developed partner countries (Japan, France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) to systematically examine the effectiveness of strategic retaliation. We employ a simultaneous Tobit model where the home and foreign NTB levels are determined endogenously in a bilateral game. The model provides estimates of deterrence coefficients, that is, the reduction in foreign trade barriers as a result of U.S. retaliation, which we use to characterize the nature of bilateral NTB games. Our hope is that the empirical results presented here, which have realistic though controversial implications, will inform U.S. trade policy.

scholarly journals Inequality and Support for Government Responses to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Anh Dang ◽  
Edmund Malesky ◽  
Cuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Resistance Increase ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations

Abstract Despite a rich literature studying the impact of inequality on policy outcomes, there has been limited effort to bring these insights into the debates about comparative support for government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We fill in this gap by analyzing rich survey data from six countries spanning different income levels and geographical locations—China, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States—in April 2020, when most countries were facing their first surge in infections and designing their response efforts. We find that poorer individuals are less supportive of strict government responses than other groups, and that poorest individuals are least supportive. Furthermore, poorer individuals residing in more economically unequal countries are the least supportive of stringent policies. We also find that both economic and non-economic factors could affect the poor’s decisions to support stringent government policies. These findings suggest that greater transfers to the poor may ameliorate their resistance, increase support for strict policies, and may reduce the potential deepening of social inequalities caused by the pandemic, given some recent evidence that the poor and the vulnerable are most affected by the pandemic. These findings offer relevant and implementable policy advice for the ongoing global fight against the pandemic.

The Structure of Attitudinal Tolerance in the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Cross National

In recent years there has been a resurgence in interest in the cross-national study of public opinion. A significant component of this rekindling of attention has been the specific area of public support for the fundamental values of democracy. John Sullivan and his various colleagues have reported on political tolerance in the United States, Israel, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. In conjunction with a smattering of more limited cross-national studies, and newly-completed studies that are just now emerging, a wealth of comparative data is now available.

Political Science Journals in Comparative Perspective: Evaluating Scholarly Journals in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 695-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Garand ◽  
Micheal W. Giles ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Iain McLean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Journal Impact ◽  
Cross National

In this article we report the results from a new survey of political scientists regarding their evaluations of journals in the political science discipline. Unlike previous research that has focused on data from the United States, we conducted an Internet survey of political scientists in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. We present data on journal evaluations, journal familiarity, and journal impact, both for our entire sample (N= 1,695) and separately for respondents from each of the three countries. We document the overall hierarchy of scholarly journals among political scientists, though we find important similarities and differences in how political scientists from these three countries evaluate the scholarly journals in the discipline. Our results suggest that there is a strong basis for cross-national integration in scholarly journal communication, though methodological differences among the three countries may be an impediment.

Economic Forces and Hospital Technology

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Goddeeris
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Economic Influences ◽  
Very High

AbstractThis paper considers economic forces on the organization and use of technology in hospitals from a U.S. perspective. U.S. hospitals are moving from a period of very loose financial constraints to one in which the demand side of the market is likely to exert much greater discipline. Theory and limited evidence suggest some important effects on the adoption and use of technology, leading in general to more emphasis on cost reduction and less emphasis on costly quality improvements. Also discussed are economic influences on the movement of technology out of the hospital and on the development of new technologies. Finally, some peculiarities of very high cost technologies are noted.

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