EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ECHTA/ECAHI PROJECT

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Jonsson ◽  
H. David Banta ◽  
Chris Henshall ◽  
Laura Sampietro-Colom
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Health technology is an indispensable part of any nation's healthcare system. During the past 50 years, all member states that comprise the European Union have increased their technological base for health care, both in terms of knowledge and by investments in equipment, devices, and pharmaceuticals. Generally, this process has gone well. However, several problems have emerged related to the acquisition, diffusion, and use of modern health technology. Concerns have been also raised about the effectiveness and efficiency of already established procedures in health care.

Can the European Union Force its Member States to Introduce the Euro?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus D.W. Stoffels
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Convergence Criterion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

In this study, the author addresses the intriguing, topical but little-studied question of whether the (old and new) EU Member States should, upon accession to the EU, be obliged to introduce the euro. To begin with, he examines—while deliberately ignoring the problematic exchange rate convergence criterion—whether introducing the euro should in principle be obligatory. After having answered this question in the affirmative, he takes a closer look at the exchange rate convergence criterion. He concludes that a country’s formal participation in the ERM II is a necessary but insufficient requirement for that country to meet the exchange rate convergence criterion. However, since ERM II membership is, for its part, voluntary, this also makes a country’s decision to introduce the euro completely voluntary. Accordingly, a Member State like Sweden is entitled to simply circumvent introducing the euro by simply refraining from participating in the ERM II. The author continuously refers to how different groups of Member States have been treated in the past with regard to them introducing the euro.

scholarly journals Legal assessment of current situation on orphan patients in Lithuania

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrė Špokienė
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Member States ◽  
Orphan Medicinal Products

After Lithuania joined the European Union, the Regulation (EC) No. 141/2000 on orphan medicinal products and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 847/2000 came into force as part of national legislation. Member States must adopt specific measures to increase knowledge on rare diseases and to improve their detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The aim of this article was to present and to assess the current legal situation on orphan patients and their treatment in Lithuania, to identify legislation gaps, and to propose some ideas how to facilitate the solution of the existing problems in this field. For this purpose, European Union and Lithuanian legal documents on rare medicinal products are examined using a comparative method. With reference to inventory of Member States’ incentives for rare diseases in national level, the most important issues, which orphan patients face to in Lithuania, are singled out. In Lithuania, the situation of orphan patients in terms of protection of patient rights is insufficiently determined. The access to effective health care services or approved therapies in some cases is restricted. Working relationships between genetic services and various clinical specialists as well as with those in primary care are not legally determined; the number of clinical trials aimed at orphan medicinal products is low. These results suggest a need for awareness raising among Lithuanian Government, health care specialists, patient organizations about the importance to improve practical implementation of European Union legislation and progressive experience of some European countries in this field.

The crisis as catalyst for reframing health care policies in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Kees Helderman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Welfare States

AbstractSeen from the perspective of health, the global financial crisis (GFC) may be conceived of as an exogenous factor that has undermined the fiscal sustainability of European welfare states and consequently, their (expanding) health systems as well. Being one of the core programs of European welfare states, health care has always belonged to the sovereignty of European Member States. However, in past two decades, European welfare states have in fact become semi-sovereign states and the European Union (EU) no longer is an exogenous actor in European health policy making. Today, the EU not only puts limits to unsustainable growth levels in health care spending, it also acts as an health policy agenda setter. Since the outbreak of the GFC, it does so in an increasingly coercive and persuasive way, claiming authority over health system reforms alongside the responsibilities of its Member States.

scholarly journals Strategic Partnership between the European Union and Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Kitti Füzesi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

The EU–Brazil Strategic Partnership established in 2007 was the result of a long process. Within the framework of the Strategic Partnership the negotiations were carried out in three levels, between the Union and Brazil, the EU and Mercosur, and Brazil and the Member States of the Union. From the several important objectives specified at the yearly organised high-level summits the paper emphasises two areas, the economic and trade cooperation, and the energy cooperation. In the past thirteen years significant improvement could be experienced in both sectors.

scholarly journals Health Technology Assessment and Health Care Reimbursement in the European Union: Permissive Dissensus and the Limits of Harmonization through the Backdoor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Löblová
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Care Reimbursement

Abstract Member states have consistently limited the European Union's competences in the area of health care reimbursement. Despite these efforts, there has been a slow but steady tendency toward harmonization of a key tool in reimbursement decision-making: health technology assessment (HTA), a multidisciplinary evaluation of “value for money” of medicines, devices, diagnostics, and interventions, which provides expert advice for reimbursement decisions. This article examines the origins of this paradoxical appetite for harmonization as well as of the dissensus that has, at the moment, somewhat stalled further integration in HTA. It finds that the prointegration neofunctionalist “permissive dissensus” is still present in decision making on HTA but potentially offset by dissensus or outright opposition from key actors, including member states and the medical device industry. These actors are able to decipher the potential consequences of highly technical issues, such as HTA, for national systems of social protection. Despite that, they have little interest in politicizing the issue, potentially opening the door to integrative policy solutions in the future.

scholarly journals Transnational migration of health professionals in the European Union

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S184-S192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gerlinger ◽  
Rolf Schmucker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Member States ◽  
Health Care Professions ◽  
The Eu

The establishment of the European Common Market has involved the free movement not only of capital and goods, but also of persons and services. The principles of free movement also apply to the health care sector, i.e. they allow for the free incorporation of health care providers and the cross-border delivery of services. Since the 1970s, the European Union (EU) has passed numerous regulations to enforce the mutual recognition of qualifications of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals by the Member States, considered an indispensable precondition for the free movement of services. Thus far, the establishment of a European job market for the health care professions has not led to extensive migration among the EU Member States. Likewise, the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU in 2004 did not cause a "brain drain" to the better-off countries of Western and Northern Europe. However, the mobility among health care professions is expected to increase in the coming years.

scholarly journals The growth of terrorist attacks with using vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Gabriel Nowacki ◽  
Krzysztof Olejnik ◽  
Bartosz Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
European Union Member States

Paper discussed the terrorist threats, including in particular attacks using vehicles. An analysis of terrorist attacks in the field of terrorist strategy and tactics was made, taking into account statistical data from 2016. Data on the number of terrorist attacks, victims and wounded people in the world and in the European Union over the past years were presented, presenting the ranking of the Institute of Economics and Peace. In addition, terrorist attacks with the use of vehicles in the world and the European Union member states were discussed.

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