PP141 Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging To Detect Autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Mar Polo-DeSantos ◽  
Juan Pablo ◽  
Chalco Orrego ◽  
Ana Isabel Hijas-Gómez ◽  
Setefilla Luengo-Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Connections

IntroductionAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by alterations in the intellectual, social, communication, and behavioral capabilities of an individual, and is rarely detected in children before 24 months of age. Early diagnosis and intervention may be more effective at a younger age. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) of 6-month old infants may be able to identify brain connection patterns related to at least one of the characteristics of autism, which normally appear at 24 months of age, by using a mathematical model to analyze the neuroimaging data.MethodsClinical studies published up to December 2018 that used fcMRI to detect autism in infants were reviewed. The literature databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, the Trip Database, DynaMed, the Cochrane Library, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Early assessments of fcMRI analysis were identified through the Early Awareness and Alert System of the Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias.ResultsOnly one prospective study of 59 infants at 6-months of age was retrieved. A fcMRI analysis was performed to identify 2,635 pairs of functional connections from 230 brain regions. The infants were subsequently assessed for autism at 24 months of age using gold standard tests. The functional connections correlated with at least one of the behaviors related to autism evaluated at 24 months of age. Eleven infants (19%) were diagnosed with autism at 24 months. Compared with the gold standard test results, the predictive model achieved the following: sensitivity 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52 - 0.95); specificity 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00); positive predictive value 1.00 (95% CI: 0.70–1.00); negative predictive value 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87–0.99); and negative likelihood ratio 0.18 (95% CI: 0.05–0.64). Adverse effects were not reported in the study.ConclusionsThe fcMRI analysis could help in early detection of autism and the development of preventive interventions. However, the evidence is sparse and more well-designed studies are needed.

scholarly journals Correlation of clinical examination, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy as diagnostic tools in shoulder pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Sondipon Biswas ◽  
Naman Kanodia ◽  
Rajat Tak ◽  
Siddharth Agrawal ◽  
Kiran Shankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Shoulder Pathologies

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Shoulder pathologies can cause significant pain, discomfort, and affect the activity of daily living. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of clinical examination, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with shoulder arthroscopy in diagnosing various shoulder pathologies, considering shoulder arthroscopy as the gold standard tool.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective, comparative study conducted over 35 patients, between 18-75 years of age presenting with chronic shoulder pain or instability of more than 2 months duration. All patients were examined clinically, followed by high resolution ultrasound, MRI, arthroscopy of the affected shoulder.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (USG) for diagnosing full thickness tear was 100% each and for MRI was 88% and 100% respectively. For subacromial impingement USG had sensitivity of 66.67%, specificity of 94.12%, positive predictive value of 50% and negative predictive value of 88.89%. For rotator cuff tear USG had sensitivity of 92.86%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 81.25% and negative predictive value of 75% considering shoulder arthroscopy as gold standard.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> USG and MRI both are sensitive techniques for diagnosing of rotator cuff pathologies. USG has high accuracy in diagnosing partial thickness tears as compare to MRI. MRI proved to be superior in estimation of site and extent of tear. Considering shoulder arthroscopy as gold standard, it can be reserved for patients with suspicious of USG/MRI findings or those who may need surgical intervention simultaneously.</p>

Diagnostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical cancer after brachytherapy: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Weizhong Tian ◽  
Xinhua Bu ◽  
Xiulan Wang ◽  
Fangzheng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Uterine Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background Patients with uterine cervical cancer suffer high mortality. Accurate detection of a residual tumor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during and after directed brachytherapy (BCT) is crucial for the success of cancer treatment and is a significant predictor of patient survival. Purpose To determine the diagnostic significance of MRI in detecting residual tumor tissue after BCT. Material and Methods The Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were systematically searched (January 1997 to December 2016) for post-brachytherapy MRI studies that measured residual tumors in patients with uterine cervical cancer. All data were analyzed using the Meta-Disc 1.4 program. Results Four clinical studies consisting of 163 patients (147 of whom were included in the present analysis) who were diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system were included in the study. All the patients received BCT and underwent MRI detection of residual tumors tissue. In studies where the accuracy of MRI detection was confirmed by histological tests or gynecological tests, the summary estimates of specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 88.5%, 83.5%, 53.5%, 97.1%, and 84.3%, respectively. Conclusion MRI-directed BCT is commonly used for cervical cancer patients. Based on our investigation of four independent studies, MRI showed better prediction of positive results than negative results in patients with cervical cancer after BCT. However, more data on the greater numbers of patients are needed to establish the accuracy of MRI detection of cervical cancer after BCT.

scholarly journals Positive Predictive Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intradural Spinal Tumors Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HAFEEZ-UR -REHMAN ◽  
ADNAN YOUSAF ◽  
MUHAMMAD USMAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD NOUMAN AKRAM
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Female Ratio

Objective: To observe the positive predictive value of MRI, taking histopathology as gold standard in detecting spinal intradural tumors.Materials and Methods: Total 180 cases were included through non-probability purposive sampling, at Ganga Ram Hospital, Radiology department, Lahore. The radiological diagnosis obtained through MRI, was observed. The cases fit in inclusion criteria were underwent surgery and their histopathological findings were observed. Comparison between the outcomes of MRI and histopathology were undertaken, keeping histopathology as gold  standard. Positive predictive value of MRI in the diagnosis of intradural spinal tumor was calculated andpresented in the form of percentages and frequency.Results: There were total 180 patients presenting in OPD with the mean age of 45.71 ± 13.57 years. There were 112 (62%) male. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. There were 134 (74.4%) cases who were positive for malignant spinal intradural tumor on histopathology showing the PPV of MRI as 74.4%.Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is very beneficial imaging tool for early diagnosis of spinal cord tumors.

scholarly journals ACOUSTIC NEUROMA;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazish Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Noureen Jahangir ◽  
Hassan Bukhari ◽  
Hira Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acoustic Neuroma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of acoustic neuroma taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: This study was carried out at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Duration of Study with Dates: Study was completed in six months after approval of synopsis from 14-07-2009 to 14-01-2010. Subjects & Methods: This study comprised of 55 patients with clinical suspicion acoustic neuroma. Magnetic resonance imaging on a 1.5-T Philips whole body magnetic resonance system was performed. The cases were operated and histopathological results were recorded. The results of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology were compared taking histopathology as gold standard. Results: Out of 55 patients, 43 patients (78.2%) had acoustic neuroma on magnetic resonance imaging. After comparison of results of magnetic resonance imaging with histopathology, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging were 97.7%, 91.7%, 97.7%, 91.7% and 96.4% respectively. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging is a highly accurate, non-invasive, safe and convenient imaging modality for the evaluation of acoustic neuromas and is valuable for guiding surgical biopsies thereby decreasing unnecessary intervention. It allows detection of small tumours which is very useful in tumour characterization and plays an integral role in early detection, planning management and estimating patient’s prognosis.

Evaluating Accuracy of Plain Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Arthrogram versus Wrist Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis of Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nardeen Kader ◽  
Mohammed Shoaib Arshad ◽  
Pawan K. Chajed ◽  
Daoud Makki ◽  
Kiran Naikoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Wrist Arthroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Interosseous Ligament ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Introduction Scapholunate interosseous ligament injury (SLIL) is the most common cause of wrist instability and a cause of morbidity in a proportion of patients with wrist injuries. Aim To evaluate the accuracy of plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR arthrogram (MRA) in the diagnosis of SLIL injury against the existing gold standard-wrist arthroscopy. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 108 cases by comparing MRI/MRA reports and their wrist arthroscopy operation notes. Results Overall MRI sensitivity to SLIL injuries was 38.5% (91.0% specificity). When broken down into plain MRI and MRA the results were: plain MRI sensitivity = 19.2% (91.4% specificity) and MRA sensitivity = 57.7% (90.5% specificity). Conclusion Neither MRI nor MRA scanning is sensitive enough compared with the gold standard. Positive predictive value remains too low (62.5 and 88.2%, respectively) to consider bypassing diagnostic arthroscopy and treating surgically. The negative predictive value (60.4 and 63.6%, respectively) is inadequate to confirm exclusion of injury from MRI results alone.

The Clinical Value of Transvaginal Sonography Combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Deep Invasive Endometriosis in Pelvic Cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-573
Author(s):  
Qingxue Li ◽  
Jingwei Chen ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Chloe Sto ◽  
Angel Ray
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Combined Detection

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the diagnostic value of transvaginal sonography (TVS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their combination in patients with deep invasive endometriosis (DIE) in pelvic cavity. Method: In this study, 235 patients with DIE were selected as the study objects, and the lesion location of the patients was determined by TVS, MRI, and combined examination before surgery. According to the actual situation of the patient, laparoscopic or open surgery was performed to remove the lesion tissue, which was regarded as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of TVS, MRI, and combined diagnosis were compared. In addition, Kappa test was adopted to compare the consistency between different diagnostic methods and the gold standard. Results: The total Se of the DIE detected by THV was 91.61%, and the Sp was 90.74%. The total Se of DIE detected by MRI was 95.76%, and the Sp was 92.07%. The total Se of DIE detected by THV combined with MRI was 96.47%, and the Sp was 93.41%. The LR– value of DIE detected by TVS was 0.21, the LR– value detected by MRI was 0.18, and the LR– value detected by combined detection was 0.13. The κ coefficient of DIE detected by TVS was 0.70, the κ coefficient detected by MRI was 0.73, and the κ coefficient by combined detection was 0.79. Conclusion: TVS combined with MRI to detect DIE has a higher sensitivity and specificity, a higher positive detection rate, and a higher consistency with the diagnostic results of gold standard.

scholarly journals AB1086 POWER DOPPLER AND SPECTRAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND IN SUSPECTED ACTIVE SACROILIITIS: A COMPARISON WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AS GOLD STANDARD

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1832.1-1832
Author(s):  
P. Falsetti ◽  
E. Conticini ◽  
C. Baldi ◽  
M. Bardelli ◽  
S. Gentileschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Asas Criteria ◽  
Spectral Doppler

Background:SIJ involvement is a characteristic feature of Spondylarthritis (SpA). Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) has been included in the new Assessment of SpA International Society (ASAS) criteria for the classification of Axial SpA. Gray scale US, Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), contrast-enhanced CDUS, and spectral Doppler (SD) US has been used in few works to evaluate the inflammatory activity of the SIJ with not conclusive results. Power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) was not yet applied to the study of SIJ with active SI.Objectives:The aim of this work was to study with PDUS and SD US the SIJ of patients with suspected active SI, to describe inflammatory flows with spectral wave analysis (SWA) in duplex Doppler US, and to correlate US data with clinical characteristics and the presence of bone marrow edema (BME) in MRI.Methods:22 patients (18 females and 4 males, mean age 35 years) with new onset of inflammatory back pain (IBP), were included. Every patient underwent an US examination in prone position. The sonographers were blinded to the clinical data of the patient. A Esaote Twice US machine, equipped with a convex multifrequency 1-8 MHz probe, was used, with standardized parameters: 1-5 MHz for gray scale, 1.9-2.3 MHz frequency for Doppler with Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of 1.0 KHz and a color gain just under the artifact limit. SIJ was located as the hypoechoic triangle delimited between the sacrum and iliac bone, and the posterior SI ligament as the upper margin. The first sacral foramen was always localized to avoid measurement of the normal pre-sacral arteries. The PDUS was applied, and if any signals were detected in the SIJ, they were scored with a 3-points scale: 0= absence of signals, 1= isolate vessels, 2= more than one vessel. The signals were also classified as intra-articular or peri-articular. The same vessels were also evaluated using quantitative SD calculating the Resistive Index (RI=peak of systolic flow- end diastolic flow/peak systolic flow), ranging between 0 and 1. Every patient underwent MRI of SIJ within the same week, before treatment. A statistical analysis was performed, estimating the sensitivity and specificity against the gold standard (presence of BME in the same SIJ according to ASAS criteria). The Spearman rank not-parametric test was applied to correlate the presence and grading of BME with PDUS grading and RI. A regression analysis was applied between PDUS results and clinical characteristics.Results:In 14/22 SIJ MRI revealed BME. In 13 of them, PDUS confirmed abnormal hypervascularisation in the intrarticular portion of SI, and in 3 in the periarticular site too. Two SIJ showed hypervascularisation at PD with no BME in MRI. A significant correlation was demonstrated between positivity and grading of PD and presence of BME in MRI (p=0.0005). SD analysis demonstrated low Resistance Index (RI) values in 14 SIJ (mean 0.57). An inverse correlation was demonstrated between RI and grading of BME in MRI (r= -0,6229, p= 0,044). The diagnostic accuracy of SD for detection of active SI varied on the basis of RI cut-off value. The best values of sensitivity (62,5%) and specificity (61,5%) were obtained with a RI cut-off values of 0.60. A multiple regression model demonstrated a significant relationship between PDUS signals and ASDAS (p=0.0382), but not with inflammatory reactants.Conclusion:PDUS and SD US of SIJ can be useful as first imaging assessment in suspected active SI, demonstrating a good diagnostic accuracy compared with MRI. Intra-articular low RI values (<0.60) on SD indicate active SI with good accuracy. Moreover, PDUS signals into the SIJ correlate with clinical symptoms but not with inflammation reactants.Figure 1.Doppler US in SI.Right SIJ with a Doppler signal along the posterior SIJ ligament, and another Doppler signal into the joint, where SD analysis gave a RI of 0,62.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals A243 A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL RESECTION RATES OF PANCREATIC SEROUS CYSTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
M Monachese ◽  
S Li ◽  
M Salim ◽  
L Guimaraes ◽  
P D James
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Guided Biopsy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly identified in persons undergoing abdominal imaging. Serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) have a very low risk of malignant transformation. Resection of SCNs is not recommended in the absence of related symptoms. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify SCNs is not known and may impact clinical care. Aims To evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of SCN. To see how this can impact the decision to resect suspected SCNs. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients from the University Health Network with suspected SCNs from 2017–2020 who underwent either a CT or MRI of the abdomen. Reports noting pancreatic cystic lesions were identified and reviewed. Only cases with suspected SCNs were included. Clinical (age, sex, symptoms, treatment) and radiographic (type of imaging, reported cyst characteristics) data was collected. Pathology was reviewed for all cases where the cysts was biopsied or resected during follow-up. The gold standard for the diagnosis for SCN was pathology of resected specimen or EUS-guided biopsy cytopathology showing no evidence of a mucinous lesion, CEA level below 10ug per L and amylase level below 50 U/L. Results 163 patients were included in the study. 99 (61%) were female and 98 (60%) underwent CT scan. EUS-guided biopsy was performed in 24 (15%) of patients and 8 (5%) had surgical resection. Multidisciplinary review was performed in 6 of the 8 cases that went to surgery. Of the resected specimens, 5 (63%) were SCN, 1 was a mucinous cystic lesion, 1 was a neuroendocrine tumor and 1 was a carcinoma. Two patients underwent EUS evaluation prior to surgical resection. In one case SCN was resected when EUS reported an undetermined cyst type. Reasons for surgical resection were: the diagnosis of serous cyst was not definitive (n=5), symptoms (n=2), and high-risk mucinous cystic neoplasm identified on EUS (n=1). Of 30 patients with pathology available, 15 (50%) were confirmed to have a SCN. CT and MRI had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 93%, 25%, 52% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions Surgical resection for SCN lesions is driven by diagnostic uncertainty after cross-sectional imaging. Multidisciplinary review and EUS evaluation may improve diagnostic accuracy and should be considered prior to surgical resection of possible SCN lesions. Funding Agencies None

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