TempCourt: evaluation of temporal taggers on a new corpus of court decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Navas-Loro ◽  
Erwin Filtz ◽  
Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel ◽  
Axel Polleres ◽  
Sabrina Kirrane
Keyword(s):  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
European Court ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
Temporal Annotation

Abstract The extraction and processing of temporal expressions (TEs) in textual documents have been extensively studied in several domains; however, for the legal domain it remains an open challenge. This is possibly due to the scarcity of corpora in the domain and the particularities found in legal documents that are highlighted in this paper. Considering the pivotal role played by temporal information when it comes to analyzing legal cases, this paper presents TempCourt, a corpus of 30 legal documents from the European Court of Human Rights, the European Court of Justice, and the United States Supreme Court with manually annotated TEs. The corpus contains two different temporal annotation sets that adhere to the TimeML standard, the first one capturing all TEs and the second dedicated to TEs that are relevant for the case under judgment (thus excluding dates of previous court decisions). The proposed gold standards are subsequently used to compare ten state-of-the-art cross-domain temporal taggers, and to identify not only the limitations of cross-domain temporal taggers but also limitations of the TimeML standard when applied to legal documents. Finally, the paper identifies the need for dedicated resources and the adaptation of existing tools, and specific annotation guidelines that can be adapted to different types of legal documents.

scholarly journals Habeas corpus w Polsce oraz w niektórych państwach kręgu common law. Analiza prawnoporównawcza

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Przemysław Krawczyk ◽  
Bartosz Łukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
European Court

In their article, Przemysław Krawczyk and Bartosz Łukowiak discuss the issue of the habeas corpus procedure. On the basis of a comparative legal analysis, they present a model of the functioning of this institution in Poland and in selected countries whose legal code is based on common law. Krawczyk and Łukowiak discuss in detail, among other things, the scope and the subject matter of this mode and the catalogue of guarantees associated with it. Their research has made it possible to compare the most important similarities and differences in the functioning of the habeas corpus privilege in the Polish legal code and in common law. This, in turn, has allowed them to assess the accuracy of some of the solutions known to the Polish criminal procedural law. This article contains extensive references to the views expressed on this mode both in the Polish and the Anglo-Saxon doctrine of the procedural criminal law and to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the United States Supreme Court.

Executing the Innocent

1998 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Linehan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Decisive Objection

The risk of executing innocent persons is a decisive objection to the institution of capital punishment in the United States. Consequentialist arguments for the death penalty are inconclusive at best; the strongest justification is a retributive one. However, this argument is seriously undercut if a significant risk of executing the innocent exists. Any criminal justice system carries the risk of punishing innocent persons, but the punishment of death is unique and requires greater precautions. Retributive justifications for the death penalty are grounded in respect for innocent victims of homicide; but accepting serious risks of mistaken executions demonstrates disrespect for innocent human life. United States Supreme Court decisions of the 1990’s (Coleman v. Thompson and Herrara v. Collins) illustrate the existence of serious risk and suggest some explanations for it.

The Legacy of Feist Revisited – A Critical Analysis of the Creativity Requirement

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Pessach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Labor Skill ◽  
Anglo American

One of the most significant court decisions in copyright law has been the United States Supreme Court's decision in Feist Pub., Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., and its path-breaking approach towards the requirement of originality. The grant of copyright protection, in an intangible work, is conditioned upon the fulfillment of the prerequisite of originality. Until the Feist decision, Anglo-American copyright law had a long tradition of interpreting the requirement of originality as imposing a minimum standard of labor, skill or judgment in the production of a work that is not a copy of another work. In Feist, a watershed decision, which had international impact and influence, the United States Supreme Court first introduced the requirement of creativity into Anglo-American copyright law. According to the court's ruling, only works that entail a minimum standard of creativity could pass the threshold of originality and therefore be eligible for copyright protection.

scholarly journals GUARANTEES OF PROVIDING NON-INTERFERENCE IN PERSONAL AND FAMILY LIFE DURING APPEAL AND CASSATION PROCEEDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
V. Halahan ◽  
Zh. Udovenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
European Court ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to issues related to the filing of appeals and cassation complaints, as well as additional materials attached to them in the preparation of judicial consideration at the stages of appeal and cassation proceedings. The peculiarity of using these materials is that they may contain confidential information related to the circumstances of personal and family life, which is not subject to disclosure. There are currently no warnings regarding their use in the legislation, in connection with which amendments and additions to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, aimed at legislative regulation of this issue, have been proposed and justified. The mechanism of ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual in the aspect of implementing the norms of international legal documents in the field of criminal proceedings and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights has been analyzed. On examples from the judicial practise of considering materials of criminal proceedings, the specifics of ensuring non-interference in personal and family life in the courts of appeal and cassation are shown. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the functioning of these courts, their role in identifying injustices and making legal and well-founded court decisions aimed at ensuring non-interference in the personal and private life of citizens as a principle of criminal proceedings. Keywords: criminal proceedings, court proceedings, appeal proceedings, cassation proceedings, principles of criminal proceedings, personal and family life, procedural guarantees.

The House of Lords and women's rights or Am I really a Law Lord?

Legal Studies ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998

The general theme of this lecture was prompted by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the second woman in the United States Supreme Court. To celebrate my appointment she sent me a fascinating book, Supreme Court Decisions and the Rights of Women. This set me thinking about what a similar book on House of Lords Decisions and the Rights of Women might have to say. My first thought was ‘not a lot, surely’. The two courts are very different. The Supreme Court is a constitutional court under a constitution which guarantees the equal protection of the laws. The appellate committee of the House of Lords is not a constitutional court, although the Human Rights Act 1998 has made it look a little more like one. The judicial committee of the Privy Council, however, has in practice the same composition as the House of Lords.

Voice, Incarnation and the United States Supreme Court

Pólemos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Giuseppe Monateri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
The Voice

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate what we mean by “voice” in legal documents. Whose voice is speaking in a Constitution? Does a code of laws have a voice? And, above all, can a judge be said to be a “voice” of the law? As we shall see, this question of the voice speaking in a legal document, is not commonly afforded. Henceforth, we should make reference to literary theories to reappraise the meaning of legal documents from the standpoint of searching for the voice speaking in them. In this way, we shall try to envision a new approach to the legitimacy of reading in order to reframe the problematic relation between the judge as a reader and the texts. This point is of peculiar interest in the actual debate in the United States about the reading of the Constitution, and represents, also, a key factor in comparing different jurisdictions; it is a central point in comparative law and attempts to portray the

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