The Regulatory Framework and Sustainable Development of China's Electricity Sector

AbstractBoth supply- and demand-oriented solutions are important in cleaning up the electricity sector. However, their successful deployment calls for the removal of various barriers. This paper looks at China's electricity industry, one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases, by relating the regulatory framework to the environmental dimension of sustainable electricity development. It develops an analytical framework by drawing upon the literature on the deployment of supply- and demand-side solutions, regulatory governance, and environmental policy integration. The paper finds that, in China's electricity sector, environmental considerations are subordinate to economic and development goals in policymaking and enforcement. Under the current regulatory framework, regulatory policies/instruments are not conducive to removing barriers to the effective deployment of the solutions.

Download Full-text

The emerging accountability regimes for the Sustainable Development Goals and policy integration: Friend or foe?

Environment and Planning C Politics and Space ◽

10.1177/2399654418779995 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1371-1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sylvia Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen ◽

Arthur L Dahl ◽

Åsa Persson

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

National Level ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

Good News ◽

Policy Integration ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Policy Integration ◽

Development Goals

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the full Agenda 2030 in which they are embedded are aspirational and intended to be both transformational and integrative in a number of ways. The need for integration across policy domains is stressed throughout the agenda. The Sustainable Development Goals are also accompanied by an emerging system for follow-up and review centered on a long list of indicators that are intended to enable countries to be accountable towards their citizens. There is, however, in the accountability literature indication that some accountability mechanisms can be counterproductive for integrative policies. This paper is centered around the question whether an accountability regime, and if so how, is compatible with a high degree of policy integration both conceptually and in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. We approach this question through looking both at the literature on integrative governance and some of the central concepts it covers such as (environmental) policy integration and mainstreaming, and the accountability literature. This enables us to provide an analytical framework for evaluating the potential of the emerging accountability regimes for the Sustainable Development Goals to enhance more integrated policy making and action. We conclude that there are little or no strong hierarchical elements of accountability relationships at the global level which can be good news for more integrative policies – but only if there is a strong sense of shared responsibility among actors at all levels, available information on the types of behavioural efforts that support integration, and accountholders that take an active interest in integration. At the national level, there may be hierarchical accountability mechanisms with sanction possibilities that may discourage integration. Here, those who hold actors to account can counteract this if they have deeper understanding of the underlying interlinkages among the goals and targets, and based on this, engage in accountability mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Planning tools for environmental policy integration: exploring the balance between supply and demand

Evaluation for Participation and Sustainability in Planning ◽

10.4324/9780203813485-23 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 250-274

Keyword(s):

Environmental Policy ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Policy Integration ◽

Environmental Policy Integration ◽

Planning Tools

Download Full-text

Policy Integration for Sustainable Development through Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Global Governance A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations ◽

10.1163/19426720-02503005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 445-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dona Azizi ◽

Frank Biermann ◽

Rakhyun E. Kim

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Environmental Agreements ◽

Policy Integration ◽

Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽

Environmental Policy Integration ◽

Development Goals ◽

Sustainability Policy ◽

International Instruments

Abstract Over the past three decades, policy integration has become a key objective for guiding and harmonizing policies for sustainable development. Most recently, the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals have added new impetus to efforts of integrating competing objectives of environmental sustainability, social development, and economic growth, as well as of integrating issue-specific environmental policies on climate change and terrestrial and marine biodiversity. While multilateral environmental agreements are important international instruments for achieving sustainable development, there has been little focus so far on their contribution to policy integration. Covering the years from 2007 to 2016, this article presents an empirical analysis of sustainability policy integration (i.e., how multilateral environmental agreements integrate environmental, social, and economic issues in their decisions) and environmental policy integration (i.e., the outreach of multilateral environmental agreements to different environmental issue areas beyond their mandate). The analysis finds that multilateral environmental agreements have not moved toward further policy integration over the studied period. If policy and institutional coherence is a key global governance target in the post-2015 era, a concerted effort will be required to improve the extent of policy integration by multilateral environmental agreements.

Download Full-text

International Forest Governance and Policy: Institutional Architecture and Pathways of Influence in Global Sustainability

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12177010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 7010

Author(s):

Metodi Sotirov ◽

Benno Pokorny ◽

Daniela Kleinschmit ◽

Peter Kanowski

Keyword(s):

Forest Degradation ◽

Global Market ◽

Direct Access ◽

Forest Governance ◽

Policy Integration ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Global Sustainability ◽

Regulatory Governance ◽

Development Goals ◽

Domestic Influence

This paper reviews the design of the international forest governance and policy, and analyses its impacts in addressing deforestation and forest degradation as global sustainability issues. Informed by literatures on international relations, regulatory governance of global commodity production, and international pathways of domestic influence, key arrangements are aggregated into six types, and mapped in terms of their main aims, instruments, and implementation mechanisms. Key analytical dimensions, such as the actors involved (state–private–mixed), the character of legal authority (legally binding–non-legally binding), and the geopolitical scope (global–transnational) helped to identify the potential and limitations of arrangements. They were assessed and compared in terms of their main pathways of influence such as international hard-law rules, cross-sectoral policy integration, non-legally binding norms and discourses, global market mechanisms, and direct access through capacity building. Our results reveal important challenges in the design and implementation, and in the pathways of influence, of the forest governance arrangements, including major inconsistencies with forest-adverse economic sectors. We conclude about the need for coherent international forest-related policy cooperation and integrative actions in agriculture, bioenergy, and mining to enhance the prospects of achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Download Full-text

Environmental policy integration: towards an analytical framework

Environmental Politics ◽

10.1080/09644010412331308254 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 302

Author(s):

William Lafferty ◽

Eivind Hovden

Keyword(s):

Environmental Policy ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Policy Integration ◽

Environmental Policy Integration

Download Full-text

Environmental Policy Integration in the Energy Sector of China: The Roles of the Institutional Context

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9388

Author(s):

Xiang Ruan ◽

Rong Sheng ◽

Tuo Lin

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Environmental Policy ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Green Energy ◽

Policy Integration ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Environmental Policy Integration

The rapid growth of China’s renewable energy market and production capacity has attracted worldwide attention. Environmental policy integration in the energy sector and the institutional background behind this growth have seen little examination. In this paper, we present an assessment of environmental policy integration (EPI), attempting to reveal how the institutional factors facilitate EPI in the energy sector of China. A qualitative analytical framework involving normative, organizational, and procedural dimensions, incorporating multiple pieces of quantitative evidence, was applied. The results show that an ambitious and long-term normative vision covering political will, social backing, and cultural foundation in China is indispensable to the EPI process in the energy sector. The energy agency’s trans-sector cooperation in policy-making has been established to overcome the sectoral compartmentalization. China’s EPI in energy has a relatively complete and stable regulating system but, at the same time, it is expected to obtain more benefits from market cultivation and public participation. In this process, advantages such as the co-evolution of the green energy innovation, market, and society do exist; however, this market-oriented approach may bring the risk of economic and societal disturbances when interest-driven production capacity growth far surpasses market and societal requirements. This potential risk needs to be handled and prevented by strong governmental guidance and support. The continuous ambitious and long-term visioning of EPI, sufficient governmental funds, and a proactive industrial plan for renewable energy, are suggested.

Download Full-text

The policy transfer of environmental policy integration: path dependency, route flexibility, or the Hungarian way?

Policy Studies ◽

10.1080/01442872.2021.1882670 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Viktor Varjú

Keyword(s):

Environmental Policy ◽

Path Dependency ◽

Policy Transfer ◽

Policy Integration ◽

Integration Path ◽

Environmental Policy Integration

Download Full-text

Analysis of Budget Imbalance Dynamics in Kenya

Journal of Economics and Public Finance ◽

10.22158/jepf.v4n4p352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Alex Oguso ◽

Francis M. Mwega ◽

Nelson H. Wawire ◽

Purna Samanta

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Series Data ◽

Fiscal Consolidation ◽

The Public ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Government

Kenya needs substantial and sustained fiscal consolidation to create fiscal space for financing the government’s election pledges, the Vision 2030 development projects, and sustainable development goals. However, the government has found it hard to sustain its fiscal consolidation attempts. This study investigates the fiscal consolidation constraints that act through the budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya using the Olivera-Tanzi effect approach. The study covers the period 2000-2015 using time series data and employs three Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) error correction models in the analysis. The study showed that a rise in the general price levels in the economy, adjustment of minimum wages, rise in perceived levels of corruption in the public sector and the political budget cycles (occurrence of a general election) worsen the budget imbalances (deficits) thus constrain fiscal consolidation efforts in Kenya. The study also demonstrated that budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya could partly be explained by the Olivera-Tanzi proposition. The study recommends measures to reduce the fiscal imbalance gap in Kenya, which include controlling both supply and demand side inflationary pressure and dealing with rent seeking behavior in the public sector.

Download Full-text

STRATEGI PEMASARAN PENGEMBANGAN INVESTASI BISNIS KOMPONEN BAHAN BAKU PADA PT. EGA NUSANTARA

JMB : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis ◽

10.31000/jmb.v8i2.1556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eko Yogy Prasetyo ◽

AEP RUHANDI

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Business Plan ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Electricity Sector ◽

Electricity Supply ◽

Current Transformers ◽

Medium Voltage ◽

Electricity System ◽

Brunei Darussalam

PT. Ega Nusantara is one of the medium voltage panel maker companies in Indonesia. Where the majority of products are used by PT. PLN throughout Indonesia. PT. Ega Nusantara seeks to improve its competitiveness by adding new products outside the panel, namely current transformers, voltage transformers, bushings, capacitive deviders, insulators and load break switches. The whole component is a panel supporting component made from epoxy resin. To expand, a study of marketing strategies is needed using SWOT analysis and identifies the company's internal and external environmental factors that influence marketing strategies. Indonesia's current economic growth requires the support of reliable energy supplies including electricity. Electricity needs will increase in line with economic development and population growth. Based on the RUPTL (Electricity Supply Business Plan) PT. PLN, Indonesia have’t get the electricity of all regions could become potential investment in the electricity sector. The electrification ratio up to 2016 was 91.16%. When compared to Singapore it's already 100%, Brunei Darussalam 99.7%, Malaysia 99.0%, Thailand 99.3%, and Vietnam 98.0%. In addition to the condition of the electrification ratio that has not reached 100%, the condition of the electricity supply in the national electricity system also reflects the imbalance between supply and demand, with these conditions, of course, there are still opportunities for investors to participate in electricity supply businesses.

Download Full-text