scholarly journals The Limits to Buying Stability in Tibet: Tibetan Representation and Preferentiality in China's Contemporary Public Employment System

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 527-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Fischer ◽  
Adrian Zenz
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
University Education ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Group Empowerment

AbstractBased on an entirely unexplored source of data, this paper analyses the evolution of Tibetan representation and preferentiality within public employment recruitment across all Tibetan areas from 2007 to 2015. While recruitment collapsed after the end of the job placement system (fenpei) in the early to mid-2000s, there was a strong increase in public employment recruitment from 2011 onwards. Tibetans were underrepresented within this increase, although not severely, and various implicit practices of preferentiality bolstered such representation, with distinct variations across regions and time. The combination reasserted the predominant role of the state as employer of educated millennials in Tibetan areas to the extent of re-introducing employment guarantees. We refer to this as the innovation of a neo-fenpei system. This new system is most clearly observed in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) from 2011 to 2016, although it appears to have been abandoned in 2017. One effect of neo-fenpei, in contrast to its predecessor, is that it accentuates university education as a driver of differentiation within emerging urban employment. The evolution of these recruitment practices reflects the complex tensions in Tibetan areas regarding the overarching goal of security and social stability (weiwen) emphasized by the Xi–Li administration, which has maintained systems of minority preferentiality but in a manner that enhances assimilationist trends rather than minority group empowerment.

Closing the Circle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenaxi Barkataki-Ruscheweyh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Minority Group ◽  
Role Of The State

In the concluding chapter, I discuss the various strategies that the Tangsa use in Assam to survive as a small ethnic minority group and how performing identity and ethnicity at festivals can be considered to be yet one more such strategy. This leads to a discussion of Tangsa identity, ethnicity, and culture as well as the role of the state and the Assamese ‘other’ in defining what it means to be Tangsa. In a ‘Taking Stock’ section, I list all my shortcomings, and also all that that still needs to be done before some amount of clarity can be achieved in understanding the complex Tangsa picture. The concluding section summarizes my findings to make clear the underlying and undeniable connection between performing ethnicity and negotiating marginalization.

scholarly journals UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: STRUCTURE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Alla Durdas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
University Education ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legislative Framework

The article deals with the complex and multistage system of higher education of the French Republic. The structural features of higher education in France, its complex and multi-stage system has been considered. Attention is drawn to the role of the state in the field of higher education in France. The importance of the development of education for the national development of the country and civilization as a whole has been stressed. A strong centralized presence and role of the state in the field of education in France has been noted, in particular in the organization of the educational process and in financing the education sector, as well as in determining the fundamental principles of the educational process, the details of the curriculum at all levels of education, the organization of the procedure for receiving teachers, determining the content, recruitment teachers who become public officers, ensuring their continuing education; recruiting and training inspectors responsible for quality control of the education system; funding public education and subsidizing “private schools under contract”. The article focuses on the constant attention of the state to the problems of education. It highlights the openness of the French system of higher education and its accessibility for most of the population. The features of France’s higher education management system and the specifics of its legislative framework have been disclosed. Four Legislative Acts of the Ministry of Education are characterized, played an important role in its functioning. A more democratic and collegial management of universities for today has been noted. The relevance of the study of the structure and legislative framework of university education in France has been grounded. The types of higher education institutions in France and their features in the context of development trends have been investigated. The current stage of development of the system of French university education and the features of structural transformations have been considered. The features of the functioning of universities, “grand schools” and private higher education institutions have been disclosed. The article draws attention to the achievement of the French system of higher education and its uniqueness. The role and place of large schools in the system of higher education in France have been highlighted. Leading elite schools and universities have been mentioned, as well as the conditions for entering them. Attention was paid to the almost equal quality of education in the capital and in the province.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN FRANCE: THE HISTORICAL ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Durdas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
University Education ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Multistage System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Mobility Programs

The relevance of the study of the historical development of university education in France has been grounded in the article. The complex and multistage system of French higher education has been considered. The stages of the development of education in French universities have been determined and the features of each of these stages have been considered. The article highlights the formation and historical development of higher education in France. The article draws attention to the achievements of the French system of higher education and its uniqueness. The role and place of grand schools in the system of higher education in France have been singled out. The leading grand schools and universities have been mentioned in the article, and the conditions of admission to them have been stated. The attention has been paid to practically equal quality of education in the capital and in the province. The unique features of France’s higher education, conditioned by the stages of its historical development and social processes, have been determined. In the article the attention has been drawn to the national character of the French higher education. The role of the state in financing of the higher education in France has been considered. France’s participation in students’ mobility programs has been stated. The modern stage of development of the system of French university education, the features of structural transformations and the possibility of implementing of French experience in Ukraine have been considered.

Subsidizing Tibet: An Interprovincial Comparison of Western China up to the End of the Hu–Wen Administration

2015 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 73-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Western China ◽  
State Control ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
The Tibet Autonomous Region

AbstractThis study estimates the extent of subsidization in the ten provinces of western China from 1990 to 2012 with the aim of highlighting the exceptionality of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) leading up to and following the widespread Tibetan protests that swept through four Chinese provinces in 2008. Although the Tibet development model was criticized by many Chinese economists in the 1980s and 1990s for being highly subsidy-dependent and inefficient, these aspects of dependence and inefficiency were exacerbated even further under the Hu–Wen administration, particularly following the 2008 protests. While subsidies and investment also increased in other western provinces, the exceptionality of the TAR stands out in terms of the levels of subsidization attained, the sheer disassociation of these subsidies from changes in the local productive economy, and the degree to which ownership in the local economy has come to be dominated by external interests. The recent phase of intensive subsidization has thereby exacerbated the dependence of local Tibetan livelihoods on these state strategies, while at the same time intensified the state-led economic integration of the region into the rest of China through externalized patterns of ownership and consolidated state control. Arguments that the resultant inefficiencies and social tensions are owing to a marketization of social relations or to cultural insensitivity and lack of adaptation to local circumstances de-emphasize the central role of the state in shaping the deeply structural character of these transformations.

scholarly journals El sistema educativo español: un enfoque austriaco

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-117
Author(s):  
Carlos Arenas Laorga
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
University Education ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Failure State ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of

This paper aims to study the influence of the role of the state in non-university education in Spain. In order to analyze a complex issue such as this, we begin with the history of interventions in education to provide context to the study of current problems of interventionism in the education system. Several of these problems are funding, school breakdown, or the lack of freedom within families. After analyzing some of the problems that our education system suffers, we will propose a number of improvements based on successful educational measures that have been applied in other countries according to the Austrian School theories. These improvements provide quantitative data that prevent falling into pure ideology of an issue currently so delicate in Spain. Key words: Education System, School Failure, State and Education, PISA Report, Mckinsey Report, Education Funding. JEL Classification: A21, B53, I21, I22. Resumen: En este trabajo se pretende estudiar la influencia del papel del estado en la educación no universitaria de España. Para poder analizar un tema complejo como este partimos de la historia de las intervenciones en educación, para afrontar después, con mayor criterio, el estudio de los pro-blemas actuales del intervencionismo en el sistema educativo. Parte de estos problemas son la financiación, el fracaso escolar o la falta de libertad de las familias. Tras analizar algunos de los problemas de los que adolece nuestro sistema de enseñanza, propondremos una serie de mejoras basándonos en medidas educativas de éxito aplicadas en otros países y en la teoría de la Escuela Austriaca, aportando datos cuantitativos que sirven de referencia para no caer en la ideologización de un tema proclive a ello y tan delicado en España en estos momentos. Palabras clave: Sistema Educativo, Fracaso Escolar, Estado y Educación, Informe PISA, Informe Mckinsey, Financiación de la Educación. Clasificación JEL: A21, B53, I21, I22.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Russia’s Market of Mergers and Acquisitions: Stages, Features and Prospects

2009 ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radygin
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Access Data

The article deals with key tendencies in the development of Russia’s market of mergers and acquisitions in the first decade of the 21st century. Quantitative parameters are analyzed by using available in the open access data bases for the years 2003-2008 taking into consideration new tendencies relating to 2008 financial crisis. An active role of the state played in the market of corporate control represents an important factor. Special attention is given to issues of development of Russia’s system of legal norms regulating the market of mergers and acquisitions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document