FROM CERTIFICATES TO PERFORMANCE: A PARADIGM SHIFT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH

Against the backdrop of recent social and technological developments, the relationship between the educational system and the employment system has also changed. The “lifelong learning” paradigm is now firmly established within the field of educational research. In this article, we argue that empirical researchers have shifted using certificates to capture educational attainment, focusing instead on competence and performance. We define “performance” as the ability to react adequately and flexibly to new situations within job-related contexts. This paper thus aims to describe the shifting research paradigm in the context of political agenda-setting and presents some examples from different disciplinary perspectives to illustrate the potential of interdisciplinary research. Interdisciplinary, collaborative research, we suggest, shows great potential for providing empirical evidence to measure the consequences—intended and unintended—of political reforms in higher education. Even though our arguments and implications are formulated from the perspective of the German education and science system, their essence can also be applied to other national contexts.

Sobre las posibilidades de reforma del modelo de empleo público español: límites constitucionales y jurídicos al modelo actual y sus sistemas de acceso

Laburpena: Lan honetan, gure herrialdean enplegu publikoaren araubide juridikoa eta, zehazki, sarbide moten araubide juridikoa erorarazi dituzten gidalerro tradizional batzuk berrikustea komeni dela azaltzen da. Pilatutako eskarmentuak erakusten duenez, Espainiako gaurko sistemak zenbait arazo praktiko dauzka. Bada, arazo horiei erreparatuta eta eskarmentu konparatuan inspiratuta, hainbat irtenbide zehatz proposatzen dira hemen. Gure ustez, irtenbideok arazorik gabe bateratu daitezke Konstituzioak gai honetan dituen printzipioekin, eta enplegu publikoaren eredua oro har hobetzen lagunduko lukete; zehazki, enplegu publikora baldintza beretan sartzeko sistemei dagokienez. Hala nola: justifikazio objektiboa dagoenean bakarrik erreserbatzea funtzionarioei lanpostuak; probak aldatzea, gaitasunak erakusteari garrantzi handiagoa emateko; oposaketa tradizional askoren oztopo sozioekonomikoak ezabatuko dituzten BAME motako sistemak ezartzea eta, are, gizarteratzeko arazoak dituzten eta ingurune anitzagoetatik datozen taldeen artean edo praktika-programetatik abiatuta etorkizuneko langileak bilatzeko programekin esperimentatzea. Resumen: En este trabajo se expone la conveniencia de revisar algunas de las pautas tradicionales con las que se ha declinado en nuestro país el régimen jurídico del empleo público y, en particular, de los modos de acceso. A la luz de algunos de los problemas de tipo práctico que la experiencia acumulada muestra que presenta el actual sistema español, e inspirados en la experiencia comparada se proponen diversas soluciones concretas que, a nuestro juicio, serían perfectamente compatibles con los principios constitucionales en la materia y ayudarían a mejorar el modelo de empleo público en general y, específicamente, los sistemas de acceso a este en condiciones de igualdad: limitar la reserva a personal funcionario a puestos de trabajo donde haya una justificación objetiva para ellos, modificar las pruebas para dar más importancia a la demostración de capacidades, sistemas de tipo MIR que eliminen las barreras socioeconómicas de muchas oposiciones tradicionales e incluso la experimentación con programas de búsqueda de futuros y futuras trabajadoras entre grupos con problemas de inclusión y procedentes de entornos más diversos o a partir de programas de prácticas. Abstract: This paper reviews some of the traditional patterns of the Spanish legal framework applicable to public employment and, in particular, to its recruitment systems. In light of some of the practical problems our system presents and inspired by foreign experiences, we put forward a series of specific solutions which, in our opinion, would be perfectly compatible with the Spanish constitutional principles in this field and would help to improve the Spanish public employment system in general and, more specifically, recruitment under conditions of strict equality. These proposals include limiting civil servant positions to those for which there is an objective reason to be classified as such, increasing the weight given to the evaluation of qualitative skills in evaluation processes for access to public employment, MIR-type systems that eliminate some of the socio-economic barriers of traditional competitive examinations and even experimental programs or internship projects so as to enhance the chances of recruiting future public workers among groups with inclusion problems and from more diverse backgrounds.

METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF EMPLOYMENT ASSESSMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATES OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Новизна исследования заключается в разработке качественно нового подхода к оценке кадрового потенциала, основанного на методах оценки и прогнозирования персонала. Целью исследования - формирование аналитики в разрезе различных видов предприятий/отраслей/регионов, что позволяет разрабатывать качественные рекомендации для развития профессиональных кадров в том или ином направлении, для развития социальной и сервисной инфраструктуры в регионе для удержания профессиональных кадров. Актуальностью работы является структуризация вопроса кадровой подготовки в учебных заведениях и возможности контролирования (прогнозирования) трудоустройства выпускников на предприятиях, как важный элемент человеческого капитала. Актуальность данного вопроса очевидна, в связи с возможностью выявлением количественных показателей и выявление его зависимости от основных факторов влияния. В работе представлены две математические модели прогнозирования системы занятости. В ней выполнен математический анализ трудоустройства выпускников учебных заведений любого уровня (колледжей, высших учебных заведений, курсов повышения квалификации и прочее), проведено прогнозирование востребованности этих выпускников предприятиями региона/отрасли/страны. Результатом работы является разработка математического аппарата необходимого для выполнения полноценного анализа и дальнейшее прогнозирования (востребованности) специальности (программы/курса) на рынке труда, как в определённом регионе, так и в стране в целом и построение демографических моделей. Использование математического аппарата позволит потенциальным пользователям (учебным заведением, работодателям и другим заинтересованным лицам) получить инструмент и количественные показатели для дальнейшего планирования работы при подготовке специалистов и разработке образовательных программ. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a qualitatively new approach to the assessment of human resources potential, based on the methods of personnel assessment and forecasting. The purpose of the study is to form analytics in the context of various types of enterprises/industries/regions, which allows us to develop high-quality recommendations for the development of professional personnel in a particular direction, for the development of social and service infrastructure in the region to retain professional personnel. The relevance of the work is the structuring of the issue of personnel training in educational institutions and the possibility of monitoring (forecasting) the employment of graduates in enterprises, as an important element of human capital. The relevance of this issue is obvious, due to the possibility of identifying quantitative indicators and identifying its dependence on the main factors of influence. The paper presents two mathematical models for predicting the employment system, it performs a mathematical analysis

Japanese labor studies: Women and non-standard workers

This article provides an overview of Japanese labor studies conducted since the 2000s; it particularly focuses on studies dealing with women’s work and non-standard employment. By reviewing these studies, the article aims to show how the Japanese employment system creates and maintains economic disparities between men and women and between different employment statuses. First, a review of the literature on women’s labor indicates that the Japanese employment system is discriminatory toward women. Specifically, the article finds that Japan’s long-term employment and seniority-based systems are preventing women from developing their careers. Next, the article reviews research on non-standard employment with a focus on disparities between standard and non-standard workers and explains how differences in human resource development policies have created and maintained large discrepancies between employment statuses. Therefore, the study concludes that the established Japanese employment system causes large disparities between men and women, and in employment statuses.

Re ‘constructing’ Informality

In the latter half of the 19th century the Indian subcontinent was wrought with frequent famines. The colonial state provided relief to the affected population through employment on public works such as roads, canals and railways, in addition to charitable relief. Discussing working conditions, wages, and recruitment, this paper argues that famine labour was characterized by informality under a state regulated employment system, and explores how informality can be conceptualized in a historical context. Coinage of and the distinction between the terms formal and informal is fairly recent, being defined by degrees of state regulation and precarity. This paper, through the case of famine construction workers, offers evidence of practice and adds to the corpus of literature that challenges the distinction between the two terms. Therefore, the paper holds implications for current discussions on interpenetrations between formal and informal economies in the global south.