scholarly journals Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: A Critical Overview

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Sadovnick ◽  
G.C. Ebers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Racial Factors ◽  
Critical Overview

ABSTRACT:The decisive conclusions to be drawn from the available epidemiological data, mostly geography and prevalence, of MS are: (1) a north-south (as well as west-east in the United States) gradient exists independent of genetic/racial factors; (2) major differences in prevalence occur in the absence of latitude differences; (3) individuals from the same ethnic derivation have either similar prevalence rates or very different prevalence rates in widely separated geographical areas and (4) specific resistant isolates are shown to exist regardless of latitude. Existing information leads to the almost inescapable conclusion that the epidemiology of MS cannot be explained by any single known environmental or genetic factor(s) in isolation. A combination of a heterogeneous distribution of both genetic and environmental factors appears to be required to explain the available data on MS.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is the dominant nutritional cause of hyperhomocysteinemia in a folic acid-fortified population

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Green ◽  
Joshua W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Folic Acid Fortification ◽  
B12 Deficiency

AbstractPrevalence rates for folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia have been markedly reduced following the introduction of folic acid fortification in the United States. We report the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in a population of community-dwelling elderly Latinos in the post-folic acid fortification era. We measured homocysteine, total vitamin B

Typhoid Fever in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-609
Author(s):  
A. R. Colon ◽  
D. R. Gross ◽  
M. A. Tamer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Labor Camp

An epidemic of typhoid fever occurred in a migrant labor camp some 15 miles south of Miami, Florida in February 1973. It was the largest reported outbreak of typhoid fever in the United States in the last 30 years. Epidemiological data revealed that an 11-year-old retarded girl was the index case, and that her disease was contracted from a carrier living next door. Spread occurred via a faulty well, chlorinator, and sewerage system in the camp. During a period of approximately three weeks, over 300 patients were hospitalized with suspected typhoid. Of this number, 147 were children under 13 years of age.

Asthma in the Critically Ill Patient

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Danaraj ◽  
Augustine S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Male To Female

Asthma is a common condition that affects an estimated 24 million children and adults in the United States (prevalence, 8%-10%). Globally, over 300 million people are affected and the number is expected to increase. The age distribution is bimodal, but in most patients, asthma is diagnosed before age 18 years (male to female ratio, 2:1 in children; 1:1 in adults). Susceptibility to asthma is multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors. The strongest risk factor is atopy, a sensitivity to the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to specific allergens. A person with atopy is 3- to 4-fold more likely to have asthma than a person without atopy. Other risk factors include birth weight, prematurity, tobacco use (including secondary exposure), and obesity.

scholarly journals Obesity-induced Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: a Microvascular Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Balasubramanian ◽  
Tamas Kiss ◽  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Ádám Nyúl-Tóth ◽  
Chetan Ahire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Microvascular Rarefaction

Over two thirds of individuals aged 65 and older are obese or overweight in the United States. Epidemiological data show an association between the degree of adiposity and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of microvascular mechanisms, including impaired endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses, microvascular rarefaction and blood-brain barrier disruption in the genesis of cognitive impairment in geriatric obesity are considered. The potential contribution of adipose-derived factors and fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of senescence to exacerbated obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular impairment and cognitive decline in aging are discussed.

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