Association between SNCA Intron and genetic predisposition to sporadic Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis based on 49576 individuals

Background The aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is indistinct, but previous studies of different ethnicities have shown that genetic variations in synuclein alpha (SNCA) have an essential character in the risk of PD. The relation between SNCA intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of PD is unclear. Based on the general population and five ethnic groups, this article managed a meta-analysis about the connection of SNCA intronic SNPs with the PD genetic predisposition. Methods This study was implemented according to the 24-step guideline, with strict criteria. The analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Five genetic models were used to analyze the strength of the association, which was quantified by OR value and 95% CI. Results We included 15433 cases and 34143 controls from 31 articles. 6 SNPs in the intron region were screened, and 5 SNPs were statistically significant. Three variants augmented the PD susceptibility (rs2736990, rs3822086, and rs3857059), and two SNPs decreased the risk (rs356186 and rs7684318). Subgroup analysis showed that rs2736990 and rs3822086 carriers added the PD genetic predisposition in the East Asian group. European and Latin group carrying rs3857059 and rs2736990 is the high-risk populations of PD. Conclusions This study finally found 5 SNCA intronic SNPs related to the risk of PD. And racial factors should not be ignored.

PERBANDINGAN POLA BENTUK SIDIK BIBIR ANTARA SUKU ASLI MENTAWAI DAN SUKU CAMPURAN MENTAWAI

One of studies that plays a role in human identification in disaster and crime is forensic odontology. There are several methods of identification in forensic odontology, one of the alternative methods is cheiloscopy which is used to identify lip print pattern. Lip print pattern is identical in each person, lip print can identify gender and human race. Mentawai ethnic is a part of Proto-Melayu race which dominates Mentawai island district area. Familial relationship in Mentawai ethnic is patrilineal the tribe is derived from father’s tribe. This study aimed to compare the shape of lip print pattern between Mentawai original ethnic and Mentawai mixed ethnic. This study is a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach. The samples in this study were 16 pairs of Mentawai ethnic and 16 pairs of mixed Mentawai ethnic, the sample were selected using purposive sampling method. Lip print in study models were marked using colour pen, and the shape pattern of lip prints were observed and measured according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Results of this study showed that there are differences in the pattern of lip prints between Mentawai ethnic and mixed Mentawai ethnic. Mentawai ethnic has dominan type of lip prints is type I, type II, and type IV while mixed Mentawai ethnic has dominan type of lip prints is type IV, type I, dan type III. The conclusion is there is a difference pattern of lip prints due to racial factors.

Non-medical Factors Affecting the Decision of Caesarean: A Study through Path Analysis

When life-threatening conditions occur during pregnancy or childbirth, Caesarean section (CS) is among the most important procedures for protecting the lives of mothers and babies [1]. Non-medical causes have been proposed as primary contributors to excessive CS [2]. Over the last few decades, global CS concentrations have gradually increased [3]. Aside from the potential for negative health consequences, unnecessary CS places a significant financial burden on individuals, families, and society as a whole. The expenditure of post-pregnancy clinical consideration and cross as a result of prolonged CS is projected to be around US$ 2.32 billion globally. The expenditure of post-pregnancy clinical consideration and cross as a result of prolonged CS is projected to be around US$ 2.32 billion globally. We looked at variables like education, occupation, wealth index, respondent’s media exposure, and child alive in this project, all of which have a major causal association with our dependent variable CS delivery. Based on the BDHS 2017-18 data, we used path analysis to look at the cultural and racial factors that influence the choice of CS in Bangladesh. For this, we used the SPSS AMOS program. Aside from binary logistic analysis, multivariate analysis was performed. Furthermore, correlation was used to identify the variables that had the greatest impact on the choice of CS.

Analysis of an Epidemiological Anomaly of COVID-19: Transcultural and Immunological Psychiatry

Evidence exists for an epidemiological trend of transmission concentrations of COVID-19 within migrant communities from tropical weather conditions. Minority groups are over-represented in hospitalisations and deaths from the virus, and it appears that the observed anomaly may be due to multifactorial causes. Underactive immune responses in cooler temperatures and diminished synthesis of vitamin D, both of which are associated with genetic factors among ethnic minority groups, could help to explain the higher incidence of COVID-19 among ethnic minority communities. Neither factor is specific to a migrant community but common to general populations. The overstatement of contributory genetic factors runs the risk of racial stigmatisation. If environmental factors are given their due importance, individuals belonging to ethnic minorities may try to adopt new ways to combat the pandemic, while overemphasising racial factors would only leave them helpless. The renewed interest of psychiatrists in immunology would support the emerging field of immunopsychiatry. COVID-19 is environmentally sensitive, and all medical specialities, including the mental health profession, should contribute their wisdom to defeating or making a truce with the viral phenomenon.

Race and Ethnicity as a Compound Risk Factor in Police Interrogation of Youth

This chapter focuses on juveniles, particularly juveniles of color, in police interrogation contexts. A scientific and professional perspective is provided on the factors affecting children in this setting. The chapter draws from the adult and juvenile literature on interrogation, as well as research on racial factors, to suggest that there are unique vulnerabilities that minority and stigmatized youth bring to the interrogation context. These vulnerabilities may increase their susceptibility to interrogative pressures and false confessions. The chapter also provides recommendations for ways to protect this vulnerable group and calls for interrogation scholars to add race and ethnicity to their research inquiries. This will provide a clearer empirical understanding of the mechanisms by which race and ethnicity affect interview and interrogation behavior and outcomes.

Abstract 383: Effect of Race on Risk of Recurrent Myocardial Infarction After Index Myocardial Infarction

Background: Though the prevalence of coronary artery disease is known to be highest in African Americans, it is unclear if there are any racial factors predisposing patients for a recurrent Myocardial Infarction (MI) after index MI. Methods: We reviewed 6,626 cases of MI at a single quaternary care medical center from January 1 st , 2010 to January 1 st , 2017 (29% STEMI, 71% NSTEMI), and we identified all cases of recurrent MI within 90 days of discharge after index MI. The patients were categorized according to their corresponding races into White Americans, African Americans, and Others. Result: Out of the 6626 initial cases of MI, 72% were white patients, 25% were African Americans and 3% belonged to other races. A total of 2051 patients were readmitted within 90 days of index admission, of which 168 patients were readmitted with an MI. Only 2.1% of White patients developed a recurrent MI whereas 4% of African Americans were readmitted with a recurrent MI (P=0.003). Conclusion: We observed that African Americans were more likely to be readmitted with a recurrent MI than White Americans. Understanding the reasons for this increased risk in MI can translate into improved care for African Americans.

Abstract 246: Effect of Racial Factors on Timing of Readmissions After Myocardial Infarction

Background: Readmissions following acute myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with increased cost, healthcare utilization, and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess racial factors in influencing time for readmission after being admitted with myocardial infarction. Methods: We reviewed 6,626 cases of MI at a single quaternary care medical center from January 1 st , 2010 to January 1 st , 2017 (29% STEMI, 71% NSTEMI), and we identified all readmissions within 90 days after index MI. The patients were categorized according to their race into White Americans (72%), African Americans (25%) and others (3%). Readmissions were stratified into early (0-30 days) and late (31-90 days) time periods depending on the timing of readmission and these readmissions were also separated according to their corresponding race into White Americans (62%), African Americans (35%) and others (3%). Since White Americans and African Americans contributed to the bulk of our patient population, we analyzed the difference between these two groups. Results: There were a total of 2051 readmissions within 90 days after index MI. Overall, 50% of readmissions were in the early time period and 50% in the late period (after 30 days). 46% of African Americans were readmitted in the early time period compared to 52% of white patients whereas 54% of African Americans were readmitted in the late time period compared to 48% of white patients (P=0.0037). Conclusions: The temporal pattern of readmissions after myocardial infarction differed between Whites and African Americans. These findings may have implications regarding the development of readmission reduction strategies.