Thomas Merton and the Education of the Whole Person. By Thomas Del Prete. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press, 1990. 195 pages. $14.95 (paper).

Religion (Islam) and education are two things which are interrelated. Through religion, humans are formed into whole people in accordance with the values of Islamic teachings. The development process is through education because through education, children will become more mature and more capable both in terms of intelligence and mental attitude. Religion is intended to form a complete human being by directing children to become people of faith and piety. The implementation of scientific trilogy of Islamic Religious Education is described in five aspects of Islamic Religious education, namely: aspects of the Koran-Hadith, aspects of aqidah/faith, aspects of morals, aspects of fiqhi/worship, and aspects of history/history of Islamic civilization. Aqeedah material emphasizes the formation of the belief that God is the origin and purpose of human life. Moral material is directed to prepare students to have Islamic morals and ethics as a whole person of Muslims and put into practice in their daily lives.

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METODELOGI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK KAUM LANSIA DI PONDOK PESANTREN LANSIA AL HIDAYAH KELURAHAH DOROMUKTI KECAMATAN TUBAN KABUPATEN TUBAN

AL-AUFA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KAJIAN KEISLAMAN ◽

10.36840/alaufa.v1i1.223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 40-54

Author(s):

M. Romadlon Habibullah ◽

Hamidatun Nihayah

Keyword(s):

Religious Education ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Boarding School ◽

The Elderly ◽

Educational Needs ◽

Learning Methods ◽

Educational Activities ◽

Face To Face ◽

Whole Person ◽

Purpose Of Education

Education is one of the primary needs in life, thats means humans cannot be separated from educational activities. The purpose of education in general is to educate the nation's life and develop the whole person. Educators will use different methods in each class when he teaches, such as one face-to-face and collaborate with other learning methods. The age of the students in learning influences the method used by educators. Elderly education activities (Elderly) do not occur very much in Indonesia. The institutions that overshadow and organize the education of the elderly are still lacking. Over a period of nearly 50 years (1971-2018), the percentage of Indonesia's elderly population has doubled. The educational needs of the elderly are actually still large. The greatest need is education about religion. To cover the activity, there is an institution for organizing elderly education, namely al Hidayah Islamic boarding school, Doromukti sub-district, Tuban district. This Islamic boarding school organizes a special Islamic religious education for the elderly. Islamic religious education methods used in the al Hidayah Islamic boarding school in Doromukti sub-district, Tuban district include; methods of travel, lecture, support, sorogan and practice.

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Quick Consult: Quick Consult: Acromioplasty

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.mayjun03 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 4-5

Keyword(s):

Glasgow Coma Scale ◽

Outcome Assessment ◽

High Probability ◽

Vegetative State ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Whole Person ◽

Ordinal Scales ◽

Probability Of Death ◽

The Individual ◽

Assessment Scales

Abstract Different jurisdictions use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) for different purposes, and this article reviews a specific jurisdictional definition in the Province of Ontario of catastrophic impairment that incorporates the AMA Guides. In Ontario, a whole person impairment (WPI) exceeding 54% or a mental or behavioral impairment of Class 4 or 5 qualifies the individual for catastrophic benefits, and individuals who do not meet the test receive a lesser benefit. By inference, this establishes a parity threshold among dissimilar injuries and dissimilar outcome assessment scales for benefits. In Ontario, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) identifies patients who have a high probability of death or of severely disabled survival. The GCS recognizes gradations of vegetative state and disability, but translating the gradations for rating individual impairment on ordinal scales into a method of assessing percentage impairments cannot be done reliably, as explained in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition. The AMA Guides also notes that mental and behavioral impairment in Class 4 (marked impairment) or 5 (extreme impairment) indicates “catastrophic impairment” by significantly impeding useful functioning (Class 4) or significantly impeding useful functioning and implying complete dependency on another person for care (Class 5). Translating the AMA Guides guidelines into ordinal scales cannot be done reliably.

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Combining Values

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.marapr01 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4, 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Proximal Phalanx ◽

Common Error ◽

The Third ◽

Whole Person ◽

Impairment Ratings ◽

Upper Extremity Impairment ◽

The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

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Impairment Tutorial: Recurrent Radioculpathy: Recurrent Radioculpathy and Apportionment

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.julaug03 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 8-10

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

Leon H. Ensalada

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Spine ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Disk Herniation ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Recurrent Injury ◽

Injury Model ◽

Whole Person ◽

Spinal Region

Abstract Recurrent radiculopathy is evaluated by a different approach in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, compared to that in the Fourth Edition. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, specifies several occasions on which the range-of-motion (ROM), not the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) method, is used to rate spinal impairments. For example, the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, clarifies that ROM is used only for radiculopathy caused by a recurrent injury, including when there is new (recurrent) disk herniation or a recurrent injury in the same spinal region. In the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, radiculopathy was rated using the Injury Model, which is termed the DRE method in the Fifth Edition. Also, in the Fourth Edition, for the lumbar spine all radiculopathies resulted in the same impairment (10% whole person permanent impairment), based on that edition's philosophy that radiculopathy is not quantifiable and, once present, is permanent. A rating of recurrent radiculopathy suggests the presence of a previous impairment rating and may require apportionment, which is the process of allocating causation among two or more factors that caused or significantly contributed to an injury and resulting impairment. A case example shows the divergent results following evaluation using the Injury Model (Fourth Edition) and the ROM Method (Fifth Edition) and concludes that revisions to the latter for rating permanent impairments of the spine often will lead to different results compared to using the Fourth Edition.

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Nonspecific Chronic Back Pain: Sixth Edition Approaches

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2019.sepoct03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 14-15

Author(s):

Jay Blaisdell ◽

James B. Talmage

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Chronic Back Pain ◽

Intervertebral Disk ◽

Key Factors ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Whole Person ◽

Class 1 ◽

A Cell ◽

Intervertebral Disk Herniation ◽

The Individual

Abstract Ratings for “non-specific chronic, or chronic reoccurring, back pain” are based on the diagnosis-based impairment method whereby an impairment class, usually representing a range of impairment values within a cell of a grid, is selected by diagnosis and “specific criteria” (key factors). Within the impairment class, the default impairment value then can be modified using non-key factors or “grade modifiers” such as functional history, physical examination, and clinical studies using the net adjustment formula. The diagnosis of “nonspecific chronic, or chronic reoccurring, back pain” can be rated in class 0 and 1; the former has a default value of 0%, and the latter has a default value of 2% before any modifications. The key concept here is that the physician believes that the patient is experiencing pain, yet there are no related objective findings, most notably radiculopathy as distinguished from “nonverifiable radicular complaints.” If the individual is found not to have radiculopathy and the medical record shows that the patient has never had clinically verifiable radiculopathy, then the diagnosis of “intervertebral disk herniation and/or AOMSI [alteration of motion segment integrity] cannot be used.” If the patient is asymptomatic at maximum medical improvement, then impairment Class 0 should be chosen, not Class 1; a final whole person impairment rating of 1% indicates incorrect use of the methodology.

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Spine Impairment Evaluation: Sixth Edition Approaches

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2009.janfeb01 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Craig Uejo ◽

Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach ◽

Christopher R. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Functional Status ◽

Spinal Injury ◽

Current Medical ◽

Clinical Testing ◽

Medical Evidence ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Whole Person ◽

Rating Process ◽

Impairment Ratings ◽

Class Assignment

Abstract Evaluators who use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, should understand the significant changes that have occurred (as well as the Clarifications and Corrections) in impairment ratings for disorders of the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis. The new methodology is an expansion of the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) method used in the fifth edition, but the criteria for defining impairment are revised, and the impairment value within a class is refined by information related to functional status, physical examination findings, and the results of clinical testing. Because current medical evidence does not support range-of-motion (ROM) measurements of the spine as a reliable indicator of specific pathology or permanent functional status, ROM is no longer used as a basis for defining impairment. The DRE method should standardize and simplify the rating process, improve validity, and provide a more uniform methodology. Table 1 shows examples of spinal injury impairment rating (according to region of the spine and category, with comments about the diagnosis and the resulting class assignment); Table 2 shows examples of spine impairment by region of the spine, class, diagnosis, and associated whole person impairment ratings form the sixth and fifth editions of the AMA Guides.

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Impairment Tutorial: Neurological Impairment Evaluation: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.marapr03 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 6-8

Author(s):

Lorne Direnfeld ◽

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

Elizabeth Genovese

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Neurological Impairment ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Pain Disability ◽

Whole Person ◽

Disability Questionnaire ◽

Cervical Plating

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), does not provide a Diagnosis-based estimate of impairment due to syringomyelia, a disorder in which a cyst (syrinx), develops within the central spinal cord and destroys neural tissue as it expands. The AMA Guides, however, does provide an approach to rating a syringomyelia based on objective findings of neurological deficits identified during a neurological examination and demonstrated by standard diagnostic techniques. Syringomelia may occur after spinal cord trauma, including a contusion of the cord. A case study illustrates the rating process: The case patient is a 46-year-old male who fell backwards, landing on his upper back and head; over a five-year period he received a T5-6 laminectomy and later partial corpectomies of C5, C6, and C7, cervical discectomy C5-6 and C6-7; iliac crest strut graft fusion of C5-6 and C6-7; and anterior cervical plating of C5 to C7 for treatment of myelopathy; postoperatively, the patient developed dysphagia. The evaluating physician should determine which conditions are ratable, rate each of these components, and combine the resulting whole person impairments without omission or duplication of a ratable impairment. The article includes a pain disability questionnaire that can be used in conjunction with evaluations conducted according to Chapter 3, Pain, and Chapter 17, The Spine.

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