Internal Migration in Early Aragon: The Settlers from Ena and Baón

Traditio ◽

10.1017/s0362152900003895 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 131-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lynn H. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Internal Migration ◽

Term Effect ◽

Point Of View ◽

Spanish Society ◽

Long Run ◽

Complex Process ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

The Military ◽

Christian Society

The Spanish reconquest was a complex process, consisting of at least two aspects, the military seizure of Muslim territory and the occupation of that land. Although many historians prefer to regard only the military actions as constituting the Reconquista proper, it is possible that the process of resettlement exerted the greater long-term effect on Spanish society. From this point of view the reconquest can be seen as a centuries-long process of internal migration, in which the Christians continually pressed into the depopulated zones that the Muslims vainly attempted to maintain along their frontiers. Military successes or reversals could temporarily accelerate or arrest the process, but the constant tendency of at least some elements of Christian society to seek their fortune along the frontier was a force which the Muslims were unable in the long run to resist.

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The Effectiveness of Antiterrorism Policies: A Vector-Autoregression-Intervention Analysis

American Political Science Review ◽

10.2307/2938817 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 829-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 320

Author(s):

Walter Enders ◽

Todd Sandler

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Vector Autoregression ◽

Term Effect ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Intervention Analysis ◽

Quarterly Data ◽

Long Run ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Metal Detectors

Using quarterly data from 1968 to 1988, we analyze the time series properties of the various attack modes used by transnational terrorists. Combining vector autoregression and intervention analysis, we find strong evidence of both substitutes and complements among the attack modes. We also evaluate the effectiveness of six policies designed to thwart terrorism. The existence of complements and substitutes means that policies designed to reduce one type of attack may affect other attack modes. For example, the installation of metal detectors in airports reduced skyjackings and diplomatic incidents but increased other kinds of hostage attacks (barricade missions, kidnappings) and assassinations. In the long run, embassy fortification decreased barricade missions but increased assassinations. The Reagan “get tough” policy, which resulted in the enactment of two laws in 1984 and a retaliatory raid on Libya in 1986, did not have any noticeable long-term effect on curbing terrorist attacks directed against U.S. interests.

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Migrant Remittances and Financial Inclusion in Africa

Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability - Handbook of Research on Institution Development for Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Growth in Africa ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4817-2.ch010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153-168

Author(s):

Abba Yadou Barnabe

Keyword(s):

Financial Services ◽

Principal Component ◽

Term Effect ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Long Run ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Short Run ◽

Migrant Remittances

The main objective of this chapter is to examine the effect of migrant remittances on financial inclusion in Africa from 2004 to 2017. Thus, the authors constructed a composite index of financial inclusion using principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, they examine the effect of remittances on financial inclusion using a system GMM and a pooled mean group (PMG). It is found that remittances have a negative effect on financial inclusion in the short run and a positive effect in the long run. Moreover, remittances have a negative long-term effect on the use of financial services and a positive long-term effect on access to financial services. This implies improved policies to both attract the flow of remittances through formal channels and improve financial inclusion.

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