Imagined Exegesis: Text and Picture in the Exegetical Works of Rupert of Deutz, Honorius Augustodunensis, and Gerhoch of Reichersberg

Traditio ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 145-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Curschmann
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mind's Eye ◽  
The Doors

Probably not long before the middle of the thirteenth century, Richard of Fournival, cleric, physician, and author, sent to an unnamed lady the autograph copy of his richly illustrated Bestiaire d'amours. In the prologue, Richard goes to some lengths to explain and justify the inclusion of pictures: hearing (oir) and vision (veir) are the doors through which collective knowledge is transmitted to the individual mind and memory (memoire), and word (parole) and picture (peinture) are the paths to these doors. Either one or the other route could have been chosen — in principle, they represent equivalent alternatives — but Richard is sending both words and pictures, because he wants to make doubly sure that the lady will indeed remember, that is to say, make his love the object of her own memory. The common denominator for word and picture is ‘image,’ and that is the notion on which the illustrator of one of the fourteenth-century copies of the Bestiaire based his introduction to the corresponding modes of reception: on folio 86v he depicted a reader who imagines what he reads (fig. 1); battle-ready warriors of romance stand before this seated figure in the privacy of his own room (indicated by the drapes), before his mind's eye, as it were, conjured up by the words of the text.

The Problem of the Typology of Rationality in Muslim Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Culture

The typology of rationality is one of major issues of modern philosophy. In an attempt to provide a typology to Oriental materials, a researcher faces additional problems. The diversity of the Orient as such poses a major challenge. When we say “Oriental,” we mean several cultures for which we cannot find a common denominator. The concept of “Orient” involves Arabic, Indian, Chinese, Turkish and other cultures, and the only thing they share is that they are “non-Western.” Moreover, even if we focus just on Islamic culture and look into rationality in this context, we have to deal with a conglomerate of various trends, which does not let us define, with full confidence, a common theoretical basis and treat them as a unity. Nevertheless, we have to go on trying to find common directions in thought development, so as to draw conclusions about types of rationality possible in Islamic culture. A basis for such a typology of rationality in the context of the Islamic world was recently suggested in A.V. Smirnov’s logic of sense theory. However, actual empiric material cannot always fit theoretical models, and the cases that do not fit the common scheme are interesting per se. On the one hand, examination of such cases gives an opportunity to specify certain provisions of the theory and, on the other hand, to define the limits of its applicability.

scholarly journals Kinetic probes for inter-domain co-operation in human somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme

2005 ◽  
Vol 391 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga E. Skirgello ◽  
Peter V. Binevski ◽  
Vladimir F. Pozdnev ◽  
Olga A. Kost
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Active Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Human Enzyme ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

s-ACE (the somatic form of angiotensin-converting enzyme) consists of two homologous domains (N- and C-domains), each bearing a catalytic site. Negative co-operativity between the two domains has been demonstrated for cow and pig ACEs. However, for the human enzyme there are conflicting reports in the literature: some suggest possible negative co-operativity between the domains, whereas others indicate independent functions of the domains within s-ACE. We demonstrate here that a 1:1 stoichiometry for the binding of the common ACE inhibitors, captopril and lisinopril, to human s-ACE is enough to abolish enzymatic activity towards FA {N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]}-Phe-GlyGly, Cbz (benzyloxycarbonyl)-Phe-His-Leu or Hip (N-benzoylglycyl)-His-Leu. The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of seven tripeptide substrates by human s-ACE appeared to represent average values for parameters obtained for the individual N- and C-domains. Kinetic analysis of the simultaneous hydrolysis of two substrates, Hip-His-Leu (S1) and Cbz-Phe-His-Leu (S2), with a common product (His-Leu) by s-ACE at different values for the ratio of the initial concentrations of these substrates (i.e. σ=[S2]0/[S1]0) demonstrated competition of these substrates for binding to the s-ACE molecule, i.e. binding of a substrate at one active site makes the other site unavailable for either the same or a different substrate. Thus the two domains within human s-ACE exhibit strong negative co-operativity upon binding of common inhibitors and in the hydrolysis reactions of tripeptide substrates.

Epidemics as Leisure Killers: The Transformation of Japan’s Entertainment Industry in the Second Half of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-217
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

Among the various human attitudes toward a pandemic, along with fear, despair and anger, there is also an urge to praise the catastrophe or imbue it with some sort of hope. In 2020 such hopes were voiced in the stream of all the other COVID-19 reactions and interpretations in the form of predictions of imminent social, political or economic changes that may or must be brought on by the pandemic, or as calls to “rise above” the common human sentiment and see the pandemic as some sort of cruel-but-necessary bitter pill to cure human depravity or social disorganization. Is it really possible for a plague of any kind to be considered a relief? Or perhaps a just punishment? In order to assess the validity of such interpretations, this paper considers the artistic reactions to the pandemics of the past, specifically the images of the plague from Alexander Pushkin’s play Feast During the Plague, Antonin Artaud’s essay “The Theatre and the Plague” and Albert Camus’s novel The Plague. These works in different ways explore an attitude in which a plague can be praised in some respect. The plague can be a means of self-overcoming and purification for both an individual and for society. At the same time, Pushkin and Camus, each in his own way and by different means, show the illusory nature of that attitude. A mass catastrophe can reveal the resources already present in humankind, but it does not help either the individual or the society to progress.

The Concept of a Healthy Individual

2016 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Individual ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Psychiatry ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

In this talk to the Royal Medico-Psychological Association, Psychotherapy and Social Psychiatry Section Winnicott proposes that society cannot get further than the common denominator of individual health and that it must carry its unhealthy members. He gives an outline of the key areas of his theory of emotional development in the individual: the cornerstones of his life’s work in psychoanalysis.

scholarly journals Art. IV.—The Tattva-muktâlî of Gauḍa-pûrṇânanda-chakravartin

1883 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-173
Author(s):  
E. B. Cowell
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
The Individual

The following poem was written by a native of Bengal, named Pûrnânanda Chakravartin. Nothing is known as to his date; if the work were identical with the poem of the same name mentioned in the account of the Râmânuja system in Mâdhava's Sarvadarśanasamgraha, it would be, of course, older than the fourteenth century, but this is very uncertain; I should be inclined to assign it to a later date. The chief interest of the poem consists in its being a vigorous attack on the Vedânta system by a follower of the Pûrnaprajña school, which was founded by Madhva (or Ânandatîrtha) in the thirteenth century in the South of India. Some account of his system (which in many respects agrees with that of Râmânuja) is given in Wilson's “Hindu Sects;” but the fullest account is to be found in the fifth chapter of the Sarvadarśanasamgraha. Both the Râmânujas and the Pûrnaprajňas hold in opposition to the Vedânta that individual souls are distinct from Brahman; but they differ as to the sense in which they are thus distinct. The former maintain that “unity” and “plurality” are equally true from different points of View; the latter hold that the relation between the individual soul and Brahman is that of a master and a servant, and consequently that they are absolutely separate. It need not surprise us, therefore, to see that, although Râmânuja is praised in the fifty-third sloka of this poem as “the foremost of the learned,” some of his tenets are attacked in the eightieth.

scholarly journals Concluding lecture

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
H. C. Van De Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Galactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Common

This session contained all the papers that did not fit very well in the other sessions, i.e., those papers dealing neither with the solar system nor directly with problems of galactic structure nor with the faint sources and their statistics. This negative criterion has led to a variety of contributions, the common denominator of which is that we try to find out as much as we can about everything. I shall try to summarize the main points and add my own comments.

Newman and the Spiritual Crisis of the Occident

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-246
Author(s):  
Otto Karrer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
The Common ◽  
Religious Mind ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spiritual Conflicts

Newman's is perhaps the most illustrious religious mind in the modern Anglo-Saxon world. Exactly half of his long life (1801–1890) was devoted to the Anglican Church, the other half to the Catholic. However clear and unequivocal his conversion, his intellectual position is nevertheless the same in both periods. The sources of his inner life stem from the revelation of the Eternal, which came to him when he was fifteen years old and never left him his whole life long. His philosophical thinking is influenced by English empiricism that involves an attitude of restraint concerning intellectual speculation. It is in conformity with the English love of the concrete, of the individual-personal element and, with due respect to the spirit of tradition, of Christian freedom. And even though Newman's theology is rooted in ancient Christian tradition, his missionary conscience is directed towards the future, towards the spiritual conflicts of the twentieth century. Their unfolding he sensed with astonishing prevision. Just as his sermons and writings are divided almost equally between the two periods of his life (with the exception of perhaps one decade at the height of his career, in which he saw himself doomed almost to inactivity because of tragic misunderstandings), so his life's work has become the common possession of all Christendom, first, in his native land and, then, increasingly in other countries. For what Newman has to say actually concerns the whole Christian world.

scholarly journals In Architecture Inference The role of inference in the development of creative abilities of architecture student

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Basim Hasan Almajedi ◽  
Aymen Abdul hussein Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
New Product ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Inference process is an important part in the architectural design process as well as to realize the different aspects of the product architecture, and plays an important role in bringing new products of an innovator and contrary to traditional productions, through the investment of available data and linking them with the individual and previous expertise and experience for getting creative output in architecture. The research  Inference in the architecture field in addition to the other importance of cognitive fields, And the in architecture Special through students from them problems in the weak evidentiary have a base, from here the research problem of (Ambiguity of available knowledge about the role of inference Resources in the development of creative ability with the architecture students), to achieve the goal of research in architectural directed toward investment sources inference in generating solutions to creative problems of design to get into creative output in architecture, to highlight the research hypotheses, was where the hypothesis key b (Whenever inventories increased in the architecture students memory, increased his capabilities and creative skills in design), to be then test these hypotheses through questionnaire to a group of students, where it was found that (The multiplicity of views and reasoning process by the architecture students help him to produce and give many and varied images of processors design solutions, which may contain the common factors that contribute to the formation of a new product of an architect and has a unique and iconic properties).

scholarly journals Uncertain causation: two hunters dilemma

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Богдан Петрович Карнаух
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Common ◽  
Causal Nexus

According to the general principles of tort law, in order to succeed a plaintiff must prove causal nexus between the damage he or she sustained and the actions of a particular defendant. However, in some factual situations this task appears to be impossible, and the question arises whether the plaintiff should be left uncompensated or rather the general rule on proof of causation has to be relaxed. In a groundbreaking case Summers v. Tice (the facts of which are also known as ‘two hunters dilemma’), the Supreme Court of California favored the latter option. The Court shifted the burden of proof and decided that under these exceptional circumstances it is for each of the defendants to absolve himself from liability by providing evidence that he could not had caused the damage. The conclusion of the Court does not cause any doubts. However scholars dispute over the exact explanation of that conclusion, because it is the explanation that is crucial for future similar cases.The circumstances of the Summers case are thoroughly analyzed by many writers. Some suggest that even the number of defendants matters (supposing thus, that if there were three of them the court would not have reached the same conclusion). On the other hand, the character of their activity is underlined. The proponents of this point of view focus on the fact that the members of hunting party can coordinate their actions and it is this opportunity of coordination that justifies the burden shifting. The common denominator for numerous authors is spotlighting the fact that both hunters are at fault for causing the uncertainty, even though one of them might not be at fault for causing damage. However, in some other situation the uncertainty could have been caused without their fault. The author doubts if in the latter case the defendants should escape liability.The author offers the following explanation of the two hunters dilemma. Whenever it has been proven that defendants acted negligently subjecting the plaintiff to a certain type of risk and it has been proven that one of them did actually caused plaintiff’s damage, neither of the defendants can absolve himself from liability merely relying on the fact that the damage may have been caused by the other defendant. Otherwise the vicious circle will arise.

scholarly journals Someone Else’s Child: A Co-Constructed, Performance Autoethnography of Adoption from Three Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Danzak ◽  
Christina Gunther ◽  
Michelle Cole
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Reflective Writing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transnational Adoption ◽  
School Year ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Document Review

Through a framework of reconciling the other, this collaborative autoethnographic performance co-constructs the adoption experience from three perspectives in three different families: a mother struggling with the ethical and emotional implications of the transnational adoption of her daughter; an adult reflecting on her childhood as an adoptee feeling loved, but different; and a woman who met her biological sister at age 28 after her parents revealed a lifelong secret. To develop individual adoption narratives, we applied autoethnographic tools of interactive interviews with family members, reflective writing, and document review (Ellis, 2004) of photos, letters, emails, and calendars. During one school year, we met monthly to discuss relevant literature, share and critique each other’s methods and writing, and identify the common themes in our three, diverse experiences. The result of the iteration of the individual and group processes is a script that weaves together our adoption stories, the discoveries of ourselves, and how, after negotiating feelings and identities, we reconciled the other through positive, loving relationships.

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