From Theosophy to Midrash: Lurianic Exegesis and the Garden of Eden

AJS Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-75
Author(s):  
Shaul Magid
Keyword(s):  
Historical Events ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complicated Task ◽  
Academic Study

Until now, the academic study of Lurianic kabbala has largely pursued three roads of inquiry. The first, following Scholem, has been the study of Lurianic kabbala as a mystical and eschatological response to the historical events of the Jewish expulsion from Spain in 1492, an event viewed as the root of the mystical heresy of Shabbtai Tzvi. The second pathway has been the scholarly analysis of Lurianic teaching as the most extreme example of kabbalistic theosophy, surpassing both the Zohar and Cordoverean Kabbala in its intricate and complex delineation of the cosmic world. The third approach has addressed the unusually complicated task of deciphering, categorizing, and pointing out the voluminous manuscripts of Luria's students, a literary oeuvre which is as diverse as it is complex. While all of these are important and contribute to the overall understanding of what is the most influential kabbalistic doctrine since the Zohar, I would like to approach the Lurianic material from a different perspective.

Inscriptions and the Narrative of Roman History

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Roman History ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Third ◽  
Literary Sources

This chapter offers an analysis of how inscriptions can complement the narratives of Roman history from the third century BCE to the third century CE provided in literary sources. They reveal certain historical events or details that would otherwise be unknown, and they supplement the information offered by the surviving Roman historians .

scholarly journals CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 15th CENTURY FROM THE FUNA CASTLE: UTENSILS OF THE «GARRISON KITCHEN»

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
I. B. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

The Funa fortress is located in southern Crimea and is one of the reference architectural and archaeological complexes of the Northern Pontic Region with precise date of existence. The fortress was built by Mangup authorities near 1423 on the border with possessions of Genoese and was destroyed in a fire during the Turkish invasion of the Crimea in 1475. The detailed chronology of the site which includes three stages of its construction history — 1423, 1425—1450s and 1459—1475, has been developed so far. So it becomes possible to clarify the dating of ceramic finds in line with these periods also. Ceramic assemblages of the last stage from the layers of fire and destruction of 1475 are the most representative. There is the complex from courtyard 1 among them. The ceramic collection includes 101 and 163 fully or partially reconstructed vessels respectively. There are large and average household containers, various kitchen utensils and tableware, both of the local Crimean production and import (Miletus Ware, Spanish Luster and Blue and White Ware, Fritware). The comparative analysis of artefacts made it possible to establish the chronological changes in ceramic assemblages during 25 years. Moreover, statistical and typological studies of the pottery from the layer of fire demonstrated a set of vessels there is suitable for cooking and table setting for at least 40 people. Large number of luxury tableware for diverse using and their location in the context allow suggest that there was a large feast on the platform above the «kitchen», and the remains of this banquet were not removed. According to the archaeological evidence as well as analysis of historical events the inhabitants of the fortress could burn it themselves before Turkish invasion and retreat to the capital of the principality at Mangup. Perhaps the remains of a farewell feast arranged just before leaving was fixed archaeologically.

appealed to the Queen on being besieged by the wild sense, especially in the concluding cantos, of leaving Irish (see Vi4.1n). In reading this ‘darke conceit’, an iron world to enter a golden one. But do these no one could have failed to recognize these allusions. ways lead to an end that triumphantly concludes the The second point is that Spenser’s fiction, when 1596 poem, or to an impasse of the poet’s imaginat-compared to historical fact, is far too economical ive powers? For some readers, Book VI relates to the with the truth: for example, England’s intervention earlier books as Shakespeare’s final romances relate in the Netherlands under Leicester is, as A.B. Gough to his earlier plays, a crowning and fulfilment, ‘a 1921:289 concludes, ‘entirely misrepresented’. It summing up and conclusion for the entire poem and would seem that historical events are treated from for Spenser’s poetic career’ (N. Frye 1963:70; cf. a perspective that is ‘far from univocally celebratory Tonkin 1972:11). For others, Spenser’s exclamation or optimistic’, as Gregory 2000:366 argues, or in of wonder on cataloguing the names of the waters what Sidney calls their ‘universal consideration’, i.e. that attend the marriage of the Thames and the what is imminent in them, namely, their apocalyptic Medway, ‘O what an endlesse worke haue I in hand, import, as Borris 1991:11–61 argues. The third | To count the seas abundant progeny’ (IV xii point, which is properly disturbing to many readers 1.1–2), indicates that the poem, like such sixteenth-in our most slaughterous age, especially since the century romances as Amadis of Gaul, could now go matter is still part of our imaginative experience as on for ever, at least until it used up all possible virtues Healy 1992:104–09 testifies, is that Talus’s slaughter and the poet’s life. As Nohrnberg 1976:656 aptly of Irena’s subjects is rendered too brutally real in notes, ‘we find ourselves experiencing not the allegorizing, and apparently justifying, Grey’s atrocit-romance of faith or chastity, but the romance of ies in subduing Irish rebels (see V xii 26–27n). Here romance itself ’. For still others, there is a decline: Spenser is a product of his age, as was the Speaker ‘the darkening of Spenser’s spirit’ is a motif in many of the House of Commons in 1580 in reporting studies of the book, agreeing with Lewis 1936:353 the massacre of Spanish soldiers at Smerwick: ‘The that ‘the poem begins with its loftiest and most Italians pulled out by the ears at Smirwick in solemn book and thence, after a gradual descent, Ireland, and cut to pieces by the notable Service of a sinks away into its loosest and most idyllic’; and with noble Captain and Valiant Souldiers’ (D’Ewes Neuse 1968:331 that ‘the dominant sense of Book 1682:286). As this historical matter relates to Book V, VI is one of disillusionment, of the disparity between it displays the slaughter that necessarily attends the the poet’s ideals and the reality he envisions’; or that triumph of justice, illustrating the truth of the common the return to pastoral signals the failure of chivalry in adage, summum ius, summa iniuria, even as Guyon’s Book V to achieve reform (see DeNeef 1982b). destruction of the Bower shows the triumph of tem-Certainly canto x provides the strong sense of an perance. This is justice; or, at best, what justice has ending. As I have suggested, ‘it is as difficult not to become, and what its executive power displayed in see the poet intruding himself into the poem, as it is that rottweiler, Talus, has become, in our worse than not to see Shakespeare in the role of Prospero with ‘stonie’ age as the world moves towards its ‘last the breaking of the pipe, the dissolving of the vision, ruinous decay’ (proem 2.2, 6.9). In doing so, Book and our awareness (but surely the poet’s too) that his V confirms the claim by Thrasymachus in Plato’s work is being rounded out’ (1961a:202). Republic: justice is the name given by those in power Defined as ‘doing gentle deedes with franke to keep their power. It is the one virtue in the poem delight’ (vii 1.2), courtesy is an encompassing virtue that cannot be exercised by itself but within the book in a poem that sets out to ‘sing of Knights and Ladies must be over-ruled by equity, circumvented by mercy, gentle deeds’ (I proem 1.5). As such, its flowering and, in the succeeding book, countered by courtesy. would fully ‘fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline’ (Letter to Raleigh 8). Courtesy: Book VI

2014 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Keyword(s):  
Strong Sense ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

scholarly journals About new perception of A. S. Pushkin`s poem “Poltava”

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Events ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Love Story ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
New Interpretation

The paper provides a new interpretation of A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Poltava” offering a broader view of its idea. Whereas, according to critics, the Battle of Poltava is only “an episode from the love story of Mazepa” and is “asymmetrically” located in the poem (V. G. Belinsky), the paper shows that Pushkin’s poem is distinguished by a harmonious and thoughtful composition, associated not only with the image of events of the victorious Battle of Poltava, but also with memories of Poltava (Poltava region), linked by Pushkin with the addressee of the poem’s dedication — M. N. Raevskaya-Volkonskaya. The poem is formed by a three-part structure, each stage of which is connected with one of the passions that capture the characters and are subordinate to Pushkin’s special hierarchy. If the first part embodies the passion of love (images of Mary and Mazepa), the second explicates the passion of revenge (Kochubey and Mazepa) and then the third — the highest, according to Pushkin — the passion of serving the Fatherland, the desire to give it all the heart (Peter, Karl, Mazepa). Three stages of compositional construction embody axiological difference of the protagonist passion and, as a result, reflect stadiality of maturing of a central idea of the poem. Its final meaning is to depict not so much the victory of Peter’s army at Poltava, as the struggle of human passions (love, revenge, Motherland) and their commensurability with the grandiosity of historical events involving the main characters.

Independent Subspaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 892-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complicated Task

Several unsupervised learning topics have been extensively studied with wide applications for decades in the literatures of statistics, signal processing, and machine learning. The topics are mutually related and certain connections have been discussed partly, but still in need of a systematical overview. The article provides a unified perspective via a general framework of independent subspaces, with different topics featured by differences in choosing and combining three ingredients. Moreover, an overview is made via three streams of studies. One consists of those on the widely studied principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), featured by the second order independence. The second consists of studies on a higher order independence featured independent component analysis (ICA), binary FA, and nonGaussian FA. The third is called mixture based learning that combines individual jobs to fulfill a complicated task. Extensive literatures make it impossible to provide a complete review. Instead, we aim at sketching a roadmap for each stream with attentions on those topics missing in the existing surveys and textbooks, and limited to the authors’ knowledge.

scholarly journals Alexander Dubček Twice – An (Un)Known Side of Him

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-266
Author(s):  
Dagmar Podmaková
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Theatre Production ◽  
Personal Attitudes

Abstract The authoress, using two visual works, i.e. theatre production #dubček and film Dubček (both 2018), compares two different approaches to and forms of the work with the personality of Alexander Dubček against the backdrop of the reforms and political upheaval in Czecho-Slovakia1, in 1968. Theatre production #dubček (Aréna Theatre, Bratislava, direction Michal Skočovský) has three levels. The first one is acting game having the form of a rehearsal of a new text about the politician Alexander Dubček; its component part is the projection of period archival film shots. The second level involves the actors stepping out of characters and commenting on Dubček’s attitude and on historical events. The third level entails monologue scenes, in which actors reveal their personal attitudes via narrated stories at the time of normalization2 which had a negative impact on the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. In the film Dubček (Slovak-Czech co-production, direction Ladislav Halama), through Dubček’s reminiscing the past, political events interweave with the scenes from the life of Dubček’s family. Although both the works employ period image documentary material and fiction, they fail to create a dramatic conflict and they are illustrative for the bigger part.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Buddhist Ethics ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
Ethical Imperative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Academic Study

This introduction offers a brief overview of the academic study of Buddhist ethics. Employing an analogy drawn from the P?li Buddhist texts, the first section discusses how the study of Buddhist texts on ethics can serve as a means of reflection on our actions and on our ways of thinking, both in traditional contexts and in the modern world. The second section briefly surveys some key principles of Buddhist ethical thought and their historical context. The third section offers an overview of the volume, its parts and individual chapters, drawing out key connections between the topics discussed. The introduction concludes with a discussion of the continuing legacy of colonialism in the academic study of Buddhist ethics, arguing that engaging (also) with non-Western systems of ethical thought—in a rigorous, critical, and respectful way—is itself an ethical imperative today.

Watching Out for the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Keyword(s):  
Historical Events ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

This interview discusses Le monde incréé, defined as ‘poétrie’, which refers to a destructuring of conventional literary genres. It consists of three ‘unstageable’ plays, the final one of which is devoted to Marie Celat, who features in much of Glissant’s other work. Drama is a place of revelation, more openly than prose or poetry. The uncreated world is a world that proceeds from historical events rather than a creation or genesis: in other words, a ‘digenesis’. The third play also features the ‘déparleur’ or delirious speaker, who is searching for a poetics, and manifests the ambiguous presence of poetry combined with its impossibility. Glissant rejects postcolonialism because he thinks it implies that colonialism is over. Literature is threatened with disappearance, because it has become banal and consumable.

Bracketing Beelzebub

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Jesper Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Work ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Blind Spots ◽  
Academic Study

What Satanism is and is not occupies both scholars and informants. Through a discussion of three stages of academic reinterpretation, the boundary-work of the academic study of Satanism is uncovered. The first stage of de-demonization is dividing the cultural narratives of evil from self-ascribed Satanism. The second stage of sanitization is positing the organized and non-threatening aspects of Satanism adopted from specific satanic groups as Satanism as such. The third stage of heterogenization is returning to an understanding of the subject based on plurality and fluidity to better examine the polyvocality of Satanism today. By showing the blind spots of Satanism studies, we can address the field in novel ways.

scholarly journals What have Facts to do with Faith?

1909 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Third ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Gospel Narratives

The question, “What have facts to do with faith?” expresses a rather widely prevalent suspicion regarding the religious value of the facts recorded in the gospels and summarized in the creeds; and it deserves consideration by every one who has religious interests at heart, since it brings up vital problems concerning the possibility of revelation and the value of the Christian faith. Two allied questions have been much debated recently in this country, although they were pretty well threshed out in Germany a decade or two ago; first, what obligations rest upon a man who subscribes to the Christian creeds; and, secondly, whether it is not desirable that the creeds should be so changed, or be given such meanings, that no one would be obliged in confessing his faith to make any assertion concerning matters of historical fact. Back of these questions lies a more fundamental and more practical one: What value have facts for our religious faith? Of what value for our religious life is it to affirm in our creeds the truth of such historical happenings as, “He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead and buried; the third day He rose again from the dead”? Of what value is it to read or hear such Scriptures as those which tell us that Christ healed the palsied man let down through the roof, and the blind man who called to him from the wayside; or raised the widow's only son; or had compassion on the multitudes, and fed them? It must be granted, we are told, that doubts may always arise about historical events, since historical knowledge rests on human testimony with all its weaknesses; and granted, too, that events seem but a dry and cold substitute for the living faith craved by our hearts. Would it not, then, be well, we are asked, to omit from our creeds matters of fact (or alleged fact), and to reduce our gospels to “the Words of the Christ”? If not, some sound reason ought to be given for retaining the gospel narratives of our Lord's marvellous deeds, which are stumbling-stones to many feet seeking the path of righteousness, and for affirming in the creeds the most notable events of his life instead of simply calling him Master.

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