Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. “Scotia” Collections. Collembola from the South Orkney Islands

Our knowledge of Antarctic Aptera has been growing rapidly during the last few years, a number of species from remote southern regions having been described by Willem (1902) from the countries south of Patagonia explored by the Belgica, by Schaffer (1897) from Tierra del Fuego, by Enderlein (1903) from Kerguelen, and a single Isotoma by the present writer (1902) from South Victoria Land. We find in the Antarctic as in the Arctic regions that in our advance towards the most remote and inhospitable lands, where winged insects eease to be represented, the primitive Aptera are still found fairly numerous in species, and often multitudinous in individuals. A careful study of these small frail insects fully repays the naturalist, both on account of the interest of their structure and the light which their distribution throws on geographical problems.

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XXIX.—Turbellaria of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800011820 ◽

1907 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 819-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. F. Gemmill ◽

R. T. Leiper

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Kerguelen Island ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

The Antarctic

There were seven Turbellaria in the material handed to us by Mr W. S. Bruce, all obtained in April 1903 from Scotia Bay, South Orkney Islands (9–10 fms., Station 325, lat. 60° 44′ S., long. 44° 51′ W.). Their occurrence is interesting, as, although Studer (Ueber Seethiere aus dem Antarktischen Meere, 1876) mentions, without adequately describing it, a Eurylepta from Kerguelen Island, there are no definite records, so far as we have been able to ascertain, of Turbellarian species from nearer the Antarctic than the coasts of South America.

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III.—Polychæta of the family Nereidæ, collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–1904).

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800017269 ◽

1914 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. N. G. Ramsay

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Falkland Islands ◽

The South ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

The Family ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

Chief Interest ◽

The Antarctic

The collection of Nereidæ brought home by the Scotia proves to be of considerable interest. As other expeditions have indicated, the family is but poorly represented in the antarctic or sub-antarctic regions; and although a large number of specimens were collected at the South Orkney Islands, these have all proved to belong to one species, N. kerguelensis M'Int. No nereids were obtained at any of the deep-water stations farther south—the family being decidedly littoral in its range.The chief interest, however, lies in the material collected so assiduously throughout the vessel's wanderings. Six other species were obtained, including one from the Falkland Islands, hitherto undescribed.

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Antarctic Ecosystems The freshwater lakes of Signy Island and their fauna

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1967.0024 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 252 (777) ◽

pp. 347-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Keyword(s):

Summer Season ◽

Falkland Islands ◽

Freshwater Lakes ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Signy Island ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Taxonomic Evaluation ◽

British Sector

Prior to 1962 work on freshwater within the British Sector of the Antarctic had been confined to the collection of specimens and their subsequent taxonomic evaluation. Collections were made by such expeditions as the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902- 04, the various Discover y Investigations in this region 1925-37, the British Graham Land Expedition 1934-37 and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey 1945-62. During the 1961/1962 summer season an ecological investigation of the freshwater lakes of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, was started. This paper is an interim report on that work.

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The polar ship Scotia

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247405004237 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angus B. Erskine ◽

Kjell-G. Kjær

Keyword(s):

North Atlantic ◽

Weddell Sea ◽

Biological Research ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

Antarctic Continent ◽

The Uk ◽

The Antarctic ◽

The Great War

The ship that the oceanographer Dr William Speirs Bruce used on the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04, was originally a sealer named Hekla, built in Norway in 1872. In 1889 the Norwegian skipper Ragnvald Knudsen explored the northeast coast of Greenland between latitudes 74° and 75°, and in 1891–92 the ship was used by the Danish naval officer, Lieutenant C. Ryder, to explore the inner recesses of Scoresby Sund, finally visiting Angmagssalik. In 1902, re-named Scotia and captained by Tam Robertson from Peterhead, she sailed to the Weddell Sea under the leadership of Bruce. The southern winter of 1903 was spent at Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands, and in March–April 1904 the party discovered 150 miles of previously unknown coastline of the Antarctic continent, reaching a farthest south of 74°01′S, 22°00′W. An extensive programme of marine survey and biological research was carried out. Back in the UK, Bruce sold the ship, and she returned to sealing, based in Dundee until appointed to be the first international North Atlantic Ice Patrol ship after the tragedy of Titanic. The Great War caused her to become a freighter in the English Channel area until she caught fire and was burnt out on a sandbank in the Bristol Channel on 18 January 1916.

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Antarctic Place-names given by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400041309 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 4 (26) ◽

pp. 61-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. N. Rudmose Brown

Keyword(s):

Place Names ◽

The South ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

Antarctic Continent ◽

Scientific Results ◽

The Antarctic

The following place-names in the South Orkney Islands and the Antarctic Continent were proposed by Dr W. S. Bruce; they were first published in the maps accompanying his paper in the Scottish Geographical Magazine for June 1905, and in the Reports on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of S.Y. Scotia, 1902–04 (Edinburgh, 1907–).

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The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–1904: reconstructing the missing geological report

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2018.0525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 350-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Philip Stone

Keyword(s):

Research Programme ◽

Medical Doctor ◽

Scientific Investigation ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Unpublished Work ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

Scientific Results ◽

Quality Reports ◽

Archive Material

The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–1904) made the first topographical survey and scientific investigation of Laurie Island, one of the South Orkney Islands, and completed an extensive oceanographical research programme in the Scotia and Weddell Seas. When the expedition returned to Scotland, the leader, William Speirs Bruce, embarked on an ambitious attempt to publish the expedition's scientific results in a series of high-quality reports. Sadly, by the time it came to the eighth volume (on geology) his funds were exhausted, and the series was abandoned. Nevertheless, many of the contributions that had been intended for that volume were produced; some were published elsewhere whilst unpublished proofs and archive notes survive for others. From these various sources the volume as planned by Bruce can be reconstructed. The key contributor was J. H. H. Pirie, a medical doctor and primarily the expedition's surgeon. Despite his limited relevant experience his geological observations were commendable, with the notable exception of an important palaeontological misidentification that was inexplicably supported by eminent British experts. The archive material illuminates the background to Pirie's contributions and the ways in which his unpublished work came to be preserved.

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Variability of the Antarctic Slope Current System in the Northwestern Weddell Sea

Journal of Physical Oceanography ◽

10.1175/jpo-d-17-0030.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 2977-2997 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marina Azaneu ◽

Karen J. Heywood ◽

Bastien Y. Queste ◽

Andrew F. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Current System ◽

Water Layer ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Weddell Sea ◽

The South ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Dense Water ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

Antarctic Slope Current ◽

The Antarctic

AbstractThe dense water outflow from the Antarctic continental shelf is closely associated with the strength and position of the Antarctic Slope Front. This study explores the short-term and spatial variability of the Antarctic Slope Front system and the mechanisms that regulate cross-slope exchange using highly temporally and spatially resolved measurements from three ocean gliders deployed in 2012. The 22 sections along the eastern Antarctic Peninsula and west of the South Orkney Islands are grouped regionally and composited by isobaths. There is consistency in the front position around the Powell Basin, varying mostly between the 500- and 800-m isobaths. In most of the study area the flow is bottom intensified. The along-slope transport of the Antarctic Slope Current (upper 1000 m) varies between 0.2 and 5.9 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and does not exhibit a regional pattern. The magnitude of the velocity field shows substantial variability, up to twice its mean value. Higher eddy kinetic energy (0.003 m2 s−2) is observed in sections with dense water, possibly because of baroclinic instabilities in the bottom layer. Distributions of potential vorticity show an increase toward the shelf along isopycnals and also in the dense water layer. Glider sections located west of the South Orkney Islands indicate a northward direction of the flow associated with the Weddell Front, which differs from previous estimates of the mean circulation. This study provides some of the first observational confirmation of the high-frequency variability associated with an active eddy field that has been suggested by recent numerical simulations in this region.

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The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902–04

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400005623 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 22 (139) ◽

pp. 379-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ralph E. Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Ross Sea ◽

Scientific Discovery ◽

Weddell Sea ◽

East Antarctica ◽

Orkney Islands ◽

Geographical Society ◽

Antarctic Expedition ◽

South Orkney Islands ◽

20Th Anniversary ◽

First Time

On 21 July 1904, just over 80 years ago, the barque-rigged, Norwegian-built auxiliary steamship Scotia sailed home up the Clyde with members of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (SNAE), concluding one of the most successful expeditions of the heroic period of Antarctic exploration. Contemporaneous with the more spectacular British Antarctic Expedition (1901–03) commanded by Robert Falcon Scott, the Scotia party under William Spiers Bruce had overwintered on Laurie Island (60° 44ʹ S, 44° 50ʹ W) in the South Orkney Islands, explored for the first time the oceanography of the Weddell Sea, assembled an important collection of scientific material, and discovered Coats Land, an icebound stretch of the East Antarctica coast.While Scott's Discovery expedition had emphasized geographical exploration inland from the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica, Bruce in the Scotia had concentrated more on scientific discovery in the Weddell Sea sector. On 12 November 1904 in Edinburgh, members of the Scotia and Discovery expeditions were guests at the 20th anniversary dinner of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Bruce and Scott together responding to a presidential toast that honoured the success of both.

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