Tropical Forests: The Main Deforestation Fronts

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Myers
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Silver Bullet

Tropical moist forests are being depleted at an ecobiome-wide rate of c. 2% per year. Certain countries are losing very little forest, while others are losing it at a rate of twice the average, and a few at a rate several times higher. An initial assessment of 14 ‘deforestation fronts’ — being areas that feature the most intensive, widespread, and rapid, deforestation — reveals that they currently feature 43% of all deforestation in 25% of tropical moist forests' expanse.There is urgent need for additional documentation of these deforestation fronts, and to monitor their evolving status — especially of those that look likely to lose forest cover at ever-more rapid rates. Even more important, the analysis allows us to derive criteria for major foci of deforestation, thus enabling us to anticipate new fronts while they are still emergent. In turn, this affords opportunity for preventive measures in the form of ‘silver bullet’ strategies on the part of conservationists, forestry experts, land-use planners, and policymakers. An early-warning system would go far towards supplying us with a more substantive and methodical understanding of depletive processes overtaking tropical forests.

scholarly journals RISIKO KAWASAN LONGSOR DALAM UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS

Pondasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Fakhryza Nabila Hamida ◽  
Hasti Widyasamratri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Landslide Disaster

ABSTRACTIndonesia is an area prone to landslides. The occurrence of this landslide disaster can cause a large impact such as damage and loss both material and non-material. The availability of complete and accurate information in controlling land use in landslide prone areas in the development of an area becomes very important in minimizing the loss of life and losses, both physical, social and economic. This information must be disseminated to the community as an early warning system in disaster mitigation efforts. Identification of the characteristics of landslide prone areas requires a risk mapping of landslide prone areas in efforts to mitigate disasters can be done using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results in this study indicate the need to identify disaster risk in detail because basically, an area threatened by disaster does not necessarily mean that each community has the same level of disaster risk. Mapping can be done by clustering or by identifying each building in a vulnerable area based on the level of risk of landslides. Keywords: risk analysis, landslides, disaster mitigation, GIS ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan wilayah yang rawan terhadap bencana longsor. Terjadinya bencana longsor ini dapat menyebabkan dampak yang besar seperti kerusakan dan kerugian baik materiil maupun non materiil. Tersedianya informasi yang lengkap dan akurat dalam pengendalian pemanfaatan lahan di kawasan rawan bencana longsor dalam pengembangan suatu wilayah menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam meminimalisir adanya korban jiwa dan kerugian-kerugian baik fisik, sosial maupun ekonomi. Informasi tersebut harus disebarkan kepada masyarakat sebagai sistem peringatan dini dalam upaya mitigasi bencana. Identifikasi karakteristik daerah rawan longsor diperlukan sebuah pemetaan risiko kawasan rawan longsor dalam upaya mitigasi bencana dapat dilakukan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya identifikasi risiko bencana secara detail karena pada dasarnya, suatu kawasan yang terancam bencana belum tentu tiap masyarakatnya mempunyai tingkat risiko bencana yang sama. Pemetaan dapat dilakukan dengan pengklusteran maupun dengan identifikasi setiap bangunan dalam kawasan rawan berdasarkan tingkat risiko terhadap bencana tanah longsor.Kata Kunci: analisis risiko, tanah longsor, mitigasi bencana, GIS

scholarly journals Relationship between Nurses’ Knowledge of Initial Assessment and Application of Early Warning System At Emergency Department of Type A Hospital In Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Sekar Dwi Purnamasari ◽  
Denissa Faradita Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

<div class="WordSection1"><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Objective:</strong> Early warning system (EWS) is a physiological scoring to observe the patient’s condition not only in hospital wards but also in Emergency Department (ED). At an overcrowded ER that have slow of patient flow, EWS is use as an early detection of patient’s deterioration by observing the vital signs. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between nurses’ knowledge of initial assessment and the application of EWS at emergency department.</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a quantitative study that used descriptive correlative with cross-sectional design toward 70 emergency nurses.</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Results:</strong> The result showed there was a relationship between nurses’ knowledge of initial assessment and the application of early warning system at emergency room <em>(p</em>=0 .001)<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The higher the level of nurses’ knowledge, their behavior is better. It is recommended to maintain the use of EWS in ED that already good through training regularly (re-certification).</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong> </strong></p><div><p class="Keywords"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Early warning system; emergency department; initial assessment; nurses’ knowledge.</p></div></div>

Livestock Early Warning System for Africa’s Rangelands

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Stuth ◽  
Jay Angerer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
West Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Growing Seasons

Rangelands in Africa (i.e., grasslands, savannas, and woodlands, which contain both grasses and woody plants) cover approximately 2.1 × 109 ha. Africa’s livestock population of about 184 million cattle, 3.72 million small ruminants (sheep and goats), and 17 million camels extract about 80% of their nutrition from these vast rangelands (IPCC, 1996). Rangelands have a long history of human use and are noted for great variability in climate and frequent drought events. The combination of climatic variability, low ecological resilience, and human land use make rangeland ecosystems more susceptible to rapid degeneration of ecosystems. From a land-use perspective, there are differences between West Africa and East Africa in rangelands use. In arid and semiarid areas of West Africa (rainfall 5–600 mm), millet (or another crop) is planted over a unimodal (one peak in rainfall per year) rainy season (three to four months); then fields remain fallow during the dry season, ranging from eight to nine months. Livestock eat crop residues. Land use is dominated by cultivation, with livestock playing a subsidiary role in the village economy. In East Africa, by contrast, areas with higher rainfall (up to 600 mm) are inhabited by pastoralists rather than farmers. In dry parts, cultivation occurs mainly where irrigation is possible or where water can otherwise be sequestered and stored for cropping. Rainfall is bimodal (two peaks in rainfall per year) in most rangelands, resulting in two growing seasons. As much as 85% of the population live and depend on rangelands in a number of countries in Africa. With emerging problems associated with the increasing population, the changes in key production areas, and the prevalence of episodic droughts and insecurity due to climatic change and ecological degradation and expansion of grazing territories, the traditional coping strategies of farmers, ranchers, and pastoralists have become inappropriate. More uncertainties require new innovations in characterizing, monitoring, analyzing, and communicating the emergence of drought to allow pastoral communities to cope with a rapidly changing environment. To this end, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) awarded the Texas A&M University System an assessment grant to develop a Livestock Early Warning System (LEWS) as part of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DI JAWA-BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardini Raksanagara ◽  
Nita Arisanti ◽  
Fedri Rinawan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Warning System

Lingkungan merupakan determinan kesehatan yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat selain faktor perilaku, pelayanan kesehatan dan genetik serta kependudukan. Pada saat terjadi perubahan lingkungan termasuk perubahan iklim global yang menjadi isu sangat penting. Perubahan iklim tersebut dipicu oleh terjadinya pemanasan global (global warming) dan efek rumah kaca (greenhouse effect). Perubahan iklim yang terjadi dapat berupa peningkatan suhu, kelembaban, peningkatan curah hujan yang menjadi faktor risiko terhadap derajat kesehatan masyarakat karena timbulnya  penyakit menular yang ditularkan melalui udara, air dan vektor. Penyakit Demam Berdarah merupakan penyakit menular yang ditularkan melalui perantara vektor nyamuk dan erat kaitannya dengan perubahan iklim. Tempat perindukan nyamuk ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian tempat (altitude), kemiringan lereng (slope) dan penggunaan lahan (land use), sedangkan unsur cuaca memengaruhi metabolisme, pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan populasi nyamuk tersebut. Curah hujan dengan penyinaran yang relatif panjang turut memengaruhi habitat perindukan nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengumpulkan informasi awal untuk mengukur keterkaitan perubahan iklim khususnya perubahan curah hujan dengan terjadinya demam berdarah di Jawa Barat.  Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis kerentanan masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim ini (curah hujan) yang merupakan faktor determinan kesehatan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit tular vektor (demam berdarah). Data yang didapat dianalisis berdasarkan teori derajat kesehatan masyarakat (Henrik L Blum) yang menyatakan bahwa lingkungan, dalam hal ini adalah perubahan suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban akan memengaruhi kejadian penyakit yang ditularkan oleh vektor seperti  demam berdarah. Dari data awal yang dikumpulkan dapat dikatakan  bahwa Curah hujan merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD, di mana curah hujan mempunyai nilai prediksi yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya demam berdarah. Walaupun demikian, terdapat perbedaan waktu (time lag) antara peningkatan curah hujan dan peningkatan kasus. Perubahan  iklim berpengaruh terhadap kerentanan kesehatan, sehingga perubahan iklim ini harus dihadapi. Oleh karena itu, melindungi diri dari perubahan iklim dibagi atas upaya mitigasi (minimalisasi penyebab dan dampak) dan adaptasi (menanggulangi risiko kesehatan). Early warning system terhadap kejadian luar biasa DBD harus dilaksanakan di setiap daerah dengan memperhatikan kecenderungan perubahan faktor iklim. Selain itu diperlukan perbaikan lingkungan yang harus disertai dengan perubahan faktor lain seperti perilaku dan pelayanan kesehatan.Kata kunci: Curah Hujan, Demam Berdarah, Perubahan Iklim, Penyakit Tular, Vektor

scholarly journals KAJIAN POLA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH KEPESISIRAN PURWOREJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Gaby Nanda Kharisma ◽  
Rizky Adriadi Ghiffari ◽  
Surono Surono ◽  
Zulfitrani Busrah ◽  
Zulhan Effendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Central Java

AbstractPurworejo is a regency on the southern coast of Java has a potential resource but due to the aspect of disaster risk, this regency is also classified in the disaster risk assessment index class starting from the low, middle and high classes. The research objective is to examine the physical characteristics and land use patterns of coastal areas in Purworejo Regency, Central Java to then determine the coastal area strategy in the area. The location of the study is Munggangsari Beach, Grabag District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province. The methods used in this study include literature studies, remote sensing, field surveys (observation and measurement), and interviews. From the results of data and image analysis, there was an increase in livestock and pond fisheries activities in the Purworejo Coastal area from 2006 to 2014. The existence of these activities has the potential to harm the surrounding environment, one of which is groundwater quality. Whereas land use in the form of vacant and physical land generally decreases in area. This shows that from 2006 - 2016 there was high population pressure. Policy, technical capacity (early warning system procurement) is needed for the institution and strong emergency response mechanism in its application.Keywords: Purworejo, Coastal Region, Disaster risk, Remote Sensing, Early Warning System AbstrakPurworejo sebagai kabupaten yang berada di wilayah kepesisiran selatan Pulau Jawa memiliki potensi sumberdaya tetapi bila ditinjau dari aspek risiko bencana kabupaten ini juga terkasifikasi pada kelas indeks kajian risiko bencana mulai dari kelas rendah, menengah, dan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji karakteristik fisik dan pola penggunaan lahan wilayah kepesisiran Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah untuk kemudian menentukan strategi wilayah kepesisiran pada daerah tersebut. Lokasi kajian yakni Pantai Munggangsari, Kecamatan Grabag, Kabupaten Purworejo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi studi literatur, penginderaan jauh, survei lapangan (pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung), dan wawancara. Dari hasil analisis data dan citra terjadi peningkatan aktivitas peternakan dan perikanan tambak di wilayah Pesisir Purworejo dari tahun 2006 hingga 2014. Adanya aktivitas kegiatan tersebut berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sekitar salah satunya terhadap kualitas airtanah. Sedangkan untuk penggunaan lahan berupa tanah kosong dan gisik pada umumnya terjadi penurunan luasan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan dari tahun 2006 – 2016 terjadi tekanan penduduk yang tinggi. Dibutuhkan kebijakan, kapasitas teknis (pengadaan sistem peringatan dini) pada lembaga serta mekanisme penanganan darurat bencana yang kuat dalam pengaplikasiannya.Kata Kunci: Purworejo, Wilayah Kepesisiran, Risiko bencana, Penginderaan Jauh, EWS

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