Otto III’s Penance: A Case Study of Unity and Diversity in the Eleventh-Century Church

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

In the spring of 999 the Emperor Otto III went on pilgrimage to the shrine of the Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano in southern Italy. His pilgrimage was not widely recorded; it was not referred to in any of the works produced in the Empire in the next half century, and only briefly mentioned in three South Italian works. But Otto’s pilgrimage was described more extensively in the eleventh-century vitae of two saints: the anonymous Greek Vita Nili and Peter Damian’s Vita Beati Romualdi. This article will make a case-study of the way in which the authors of these vitae used Otto’s pilgrimage to help construct the sanctity of their own subject, and of how far this reflects the degree of unity, and of diversity, between the Greek and Latin traditions of the Church in southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh century.

Hocus Totus: The Elusive Wholeness of Christ

Pro Ecclesia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Vanhoozer
Keyword(s):  
Important Case ◽  
Conceptual Coherence ◽  
Mystical Union ◽  
Biblical Language ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

This article responds to David Moser’s essay commending the Totus Christus to Protestants who wish to be biblical, identify with the catholic tradition, and speak truly about the Church. The article recognizes the Totus Christus as an important case study of the relationship between Christology and ecclesiology. The article evaluates Moser’s case in three movements: first, by examining the way in which biblical language of Christ as the “head” of the Church “body” has been interpreted by Augustine and others; second, by comparing and contrasting the Reformed (soteriological) emphasis on mystical union with the Roman (ecclesiological) emphasis on mystical body; third, by examining the metaphysics of the Totus Christus and, in particular, the conceptual coherence of claiming that the Totus Christus designates a “united person” with “two subjects” that are “distinct in their being.” The article concludes by asking about the practical consequences of accepting the Totus Christus, and by noting that the Totus Christus never did receive the necessary creedal support commensurate with catholic doctrine.

Varieties of Monastic Discipline in Southern Italy During the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
G. A. Loud
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
The Church

The conquest of southern Italy by the Normans during the eleventh century incorporated what had hitherto been a peripheral region more fully within the mainstream of Western Europe. However, notwithstanding this, in a number of respects the development of the Church in Norman Italy followed its own idiosyncratic pattern, rather different from the trends that prevailed in other parts of contemporary Latin Christendom. This distinctive evolution can be clearly observed in south Italian monasticism during the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

A Bishop, A Patron, and some Preachers: A Problem of Presentation

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Rosemary O’Day
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Close Interrelationship ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way

The relations between bishops of the Church of England and lay patrons could be fraught and were certainly variable. Local circumstances and the general distribution of patronage within a given diocese combined with the personalities and concerns of the bishop and patrons involved to provide a distinctive environment for negotiation. It would be rash, therefore, to suggest that any case study of co-operation or conflict between a patron and a bishop could be typical. This said, such a case-study cannot but inform and stimulate because negotiation, amicable or otherwise, was essential for all parties wishing to exercise patronage. The co-operation between John Coke and Bishop Thomas Morton demonstrates not only the possibilities for concerted action in a given religious cause, but also the way in which the rules and regulations of the Church of England might be stretched and bent in that process. It indicates the importance for the Church of the web of connections which the bishops built up during their careers. It underlines the close interrelationship of the parochial ministry and the role of household chaplain in so many upper-gentry homes. It highlights the dependent relationship between the clerical client and his patron and the differing reactions of ministers to this situation.

Custom, Truth, and Gender in Eleventh-Century Reform

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Conrad Leyser
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Ancient Rhetoric ◽  
Moral Language ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The Lord did not say, “I am custom”, but “I am Truth”.’ So, allegedly, Pope Gregory VII, in words that – among medievalists at least – have become almost as well known as the Scriptural text to which they refer, ‘I am the way, the truth, and the life’ (John 14.6). The Gregoriandictumembodies the paradox at the centre of the movement for Church Reform in the eleventh century, a paradox which continues to shape historiographical discussion of the period. On the one hand, Gregory and his circle presented themselves as uncompromising fighters for the truth of their vision of the Church, prepared to dismiss any appeal to established practice, however venerable; on the other, and in the same moment, however, they themselves appealed explicitly to past precedent in broadcasting their manifesto. In the comment attributed to Gregory, the authority of ‘the blessed Cyprian’ (mediated in turn by Augustine) is invoked to sanction the rejection of custom. To ‘custom’, then, the reformers opposed not ‘truth’ as a timeless absolute, but a notion of truth embedded in a tradition of moral language. Like many revolutionaries, they saw themselves as restoring their society to a pristine state from which it had fallen away – deaf to the accusation of their opponents that such ‘reform’ was in fact irreparably destructive of the peace of the community. In part because eleventh-century questions about the moral, and in particular the sexual, behaviour of the priesthood continue to be relevant in modern churches, modern scholars continue to take sides over Reform, depicting Gregory VII either as faithful restorer or as demonic innovator. This interpretative deadlock suggests, perhaps, that we should look again at the reformers’ paradoxical notion of truth as it emerges through their use of inherited language. My suggestion is that crucial to the truth of Reform in the eleventh century was its reassertion of a very ancient rhetoric of gender.

A. H. Clough: a case study in Victorian doubt

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
P. G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Biblical Criticism ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

In 1868, F. W. Farrar addressed the Church Congress in Dublin on the reasons why young men were increasingly alienated from the church: ‘the alienation of the most highly educated’, he declared, ‘is as much an intellectual as the alienation of the uneducated is a moral and social phenomenon’. The emphasis we have inherited on the intellectual difficulties in religious belief felt by Victorian doubters of the upper-middle classes has obscured the extent to which their alienation, like that of the uneducated, was part of a broader shift in attitudes. This change of attitudes could precede disengagement from institutional religious allegiance by many years, and had little to do with specific intellectual difficulties. Discussion in terms of ‘difficulties’ caused by geology, biblical criticism, and so on, may be the way doubters chose to explain their detachment from the Church, and only one cause among many of that detachment.

scholarly journals Cattolica in Stilo and its frescoes

Zograf ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Zago
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church

This paper analyses one of the most representative monuments of Byzantine painting in Calabria. It is the church in the town of Stilo, known as Cattolica. It is believed to date from the last quarter of the tenth or the beginning of the eleventh century. After a brief historiographical and architectural analysis of the building, the author considers the chronological and stratigraphical problems of the frescoes preserved inside the church. In this process, he pays particular attention to the Byzantine layers of fresco painting that were done from the end of the tenth to the end of the thirteenth century. An in-depth analysis of the frescoes from the first phase of decoration from the end of the tenth or the beginning of the eleventh century has produced valuable results that could lead to collecting fresh data about possible artistic contacts and the routes along which the models traveled between southern Italy and the countries of the Byzantine cultural circle.

From the Descriptive to the Normative: Towards a Practical Theology of the Charismatic-Evangelical Urban Church

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132
Author(s):  
Andy Wier
Keyword(s):  
Practical Theology ◽  
Urban Churches ◽  
Urban Church ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

This article explores the relationship between ‘descriptive’ accounts of contemporary ecclesial practice and ‘normative’ claims of theological truth. It argues that practical theology needs to give more attention to the way that the tensions between these two voices or tasks are negotiated. A case study is provided of a research project that attempted to move beyond the descriptive to the normative by articulating a theological response to tensions that charismatic-evangelical urban churches experience. This study illustrates both the methodological challenges and benefits of combining the descriptive and the normative in studies of the Church. It also points to the possibility of a more fruitful charismatic-evangelical engagement with practical theology.

scholarly journals The reception of Chalcedon in the West: a case study of Gregory the Great

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Janet Sidaway
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Ecumenical Council ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way ◽  
Literary Legacy

AbstractGregory illustrates the complex reception of Chalcedon in the West in the way he dealt with the Istrian Schism caused by the Fifth Ecumenical Council of 553. At issue was whether Chalcedon's decisions in their entirety or its doctrinal statements alone were inviolable. Gregory strongly urged the latter, influenced by initial papal support for the Fifth Council, his conviction that only those within the church would be saved and pastoral anxiety about the imminence of the eschaton. However, his literary legacy also demonstrates his commitment to the soteriological significance of the Chalcedonian definition of the two natures of Christ.

Aristotle and the Sacrament of the Altar: A Crisis in Medieval Aristotelianism

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 195-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn McCord Adams
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Presence ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

In the Anglican theological circles in which I move, the doctrine of transubstantiation is apt to be declared guilty by association with its Aristotelian underpinnings, most notably its ‘out-moded’ substanceaccident ontology. These negative assessments, based as they usually are on cursory acquaintance with the theory’s most enthusiastic medieval exponent, Thomas Aquinas, abstract from historical complications. For eleventh-century theologians had already debated the manner of Christ’s presence in the Eucharist: whether it was merely symbolic (as Berengar of Tours was accused of holding) and/or spiritual (as some passages of St. Augustine would suggest); or whether the Body and Blood of Christ were really present in the Eucharist under the forms of bread and wine? Once the Church pronounced in favor of ‘the real presence,’ several competing theories were advanced to explain it: (i) ‘impanation,’ according to which the Body of Christ assumed the substance of the bread, the way the Divine Word assumes Christ’s human nature; (ii) ‘annihilation,’ according to which the substance of the bread is annihilated; (iii) ‘consubstantiation,’ which stipulates that the substance of the bread remains and the Body of Christ coexists with it; and (iv) ‘transubstantiation,’ which says the bread is neither annihilated nor remains, but is converted into the Body of Christ.

scholarly journals Context-Specific and Firm-Specific Factors and Their Effect on Banking Credit Policies in Post-Unification Southern Italy: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Puntillo Pina ◽  
Rubino Franco Ernesto ◽  
Cambrea Domenico Rocco
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Banking Credit ◽  
The Way

The article presents a case study based on the credit policies of a southern Italian bank, the “Cassa di Risparmio di Calabria”, which operated between 1861 and 1998.The choice of “Cassa di Risparmio di Calabria” is not casual. It is the most important local bank in southern Italy after unification. This study addressed the call for an interdisciplinary approach, using Canergie and Napier’s framework to analyze the credit policies of the Cassa di Risparmio di Calabria.Highlighting the logic of the practice, we adapted Canergie and Napier’s framework investigating which contextual and firm-specific factors most affected the way in which the firm adopted its credit policies emerging from bookkeeping (the research question).Document analyses were used as a means of investigation. In detail, archival sources, both public and business -accounting and non-accounting, as well as statutes and notary protocols, old books, journal and ledgers were analyzed in order to address the research question. Actually, the exploration of the historical dimension of banks and financial institutions has a great potentiality within accounting research and it deserves the attention of accounting scholars.The article contributes to enlarging the knowledge of the functioning of the credit sector in southern Italy after unification. The originality of the article lies in the use of an interdisciplinary approach, specifically the Canergie and Napier framework, to analyze credit policies of a bank.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document