Borderline and Depression: A Thin EEG Line

In everyday clinical practice, there is an ongoing debate about the nature of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The underlying research does not give us a clear distinction between those 2 entities, although depression is among the most frequent comorbid diagnosis in borderline personality patients. The notion that depression can be a distinct disorder but also a symptom in other psychopathologies led our team to try and delineate those 2 entities using 146 EEG recordings and machine learning. The utilized algorithms, developed solely for this purpose, could not differentiate those 2 entities, meaning that patients suffering from MDD did not have significantly different EEG in terms of patients diagnosed with MDD and BPD respecting the given data and methods used. By increasing the data set and the spatiotemporal specificity, one could have a more sensitive diagnostic approach when using EEG recordings. To our knowledge, this is the first study that used EEG recordings and advanced machine learning techniques and further confirmed the close interrelationship between those 2 entities.

How Thierry Baudet Stole Geert Wilders' Votes: A Discourse Historical Analysis of Baudet's 2019 Provincial Elections Victory Speech.

Thierry Baudet's remarkable success at the 2019 Dutch provincial elections was difficult to comprehend given the hitherto increasing popularity of the long-term dominant figure in Dutch far-right politics, Geert Wilders. Although both politicians preside over strikingly similar policy agendas, Wilders' supporters appeared to abandon him in favour of Baudet. This study attempted to investigate why Dutch far-right voters may have shifted their allegiance from Wilders's Partij Voor de Vrijheid to Baudet's Forum voor Democratie through a Discourse Historical Analysis of Baudet's provincial elections victory speech and a corpus of Wilders' discursive texts. Prior to commencing this analysis, the study's methodological approach for addressing such a complex topic was justified by means ofdemonstrating the close interrelationship between context, discourse and political strategy. The analysis discovered that Baudet distinguishes himself by constructing a less repressive guise for his party through careful characterisation of the Dutch identity rather than demonising the cultural enemy like Wilders and other leaders of the new right.

Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications

The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.

Integrating Agriculture and Ecosystems to Find Suitable Adaptations to Climate Change

Climate change is altering agricultural production and ecosystems around the world. Future projections indicate that additional change is expected in the coming decades, forcing individuals and communities to respond and adapt. Current research efforts typically examine climate change effects and possible adaptations but fail to integrate agriculture and ecosystems. This failure to jointly consider these systems and associated externalities may underestimate climate change impacts or cause adaptation implementation surprises, such as causing adaptation status of some groups or ecosystems to be worsened. This work describes and motivates reasons why ecosystems and agriculture adaptation require an integrated analytical approach. Synthesis of current literature and examples from Texas are used to explain concepts and current challenges. Texas is chosen because of its high agricultural output that is produced in close interrelationship with the surrounding semi-arid ecosystem. We conclude that future effect and adaptation analyses would be wise to jointly consider ecosystems and agriculture. Existing paradigms and useful methodology can be transplanted from the sustainable agriculture and ecosystem service literature to explore alternatives for climate adaptation and incentivization of private agriculturalists and consumers. Researchers are encouraged to adopt integrated modeling as a means to avoid implementation challenges and surprises when formulating and implementing adaptation.

Towards a welfare system that produces inequality? Interpreting the new conditions of inclusion and exclusion in two Italian cases in a macro-micro-macro perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanisms through which social inequality is produced and reproduced, beginning from an examination of the close interrelationship between the macro level of policy and institutional action and the micro level of activity by a variety of actors. Design/methodology/approach Referring specifically to Italy and considering exemplary cases, namely the conditions of esodati and new self-employed workers, this paper seeks to provide a more organic interpretation of the differential effects of specific national policies and imminent shifts in the productive system on the individuals affected by them. To describe the Italian context in an international perspective, at the macro level, the authors analyze this phenomenon using the famous worlds of welfare regime developed by Esping-Andersen and the varieties of capitalism formulated by Hall and Soskice, whereas at the micro level, the authors analyze the dynamic relations between individual and institutional factors that generate inequalities. Findings The paper seeks to highlight the complexity of new conditions of marginality, stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach. Originality/value So far there have been few attempts in Italy to explore the possibility of implementing the kind of “mixed” social support measures seen in other countries. In a variable way on the basis of specific needs, such measures encompass services and cash benefits as well as income, housing and employment support. This approach might represent a scalable and modular solution that lends itself well to the country’s already significant socio-economic segmentation.

The phylogeny of Ryocalanoidea (Copepoda, Calanoida) based on morphology and a multi-gene analysis with a description of new ryocalanoidean species

Two new species of ryocalanoid copepods (Crustacea: Calanoida), Ryocalanus squamatus sp. nov. and Yrocalanus kurilensis sp. nov. are described together with a female of Ryocalanus infelix Tanaka, 1956, type species for the genus Ryocalanus Tanaka, 1956, from abyssal depths in the Kurile-Kamchatka trench. The new species can be assigned to the superfamily Ryocalanoidea based on the segmentation and armature of the swimming legs and the modification of the male right antennule. A new interpretation of the fusions of segments in the male right antennule of Ryocalanus shows the marked differences between the ryocalanoidean genera. The status of Ryocalanoidea within the Calanoida is discussed based on morphology and a first molecular multi-gene analysis with cytochrome oxidase subunit I, cytochrome b, nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2. This analysis supports the close interrelationship between Ryocalanoidea and Spinocalanoidea. The monophyletic status of Ryocalanoidea could not be retrieved in the phylogenetic analysis, as specimens of Yrocalanus formed a clade within Spinocalanoidea. The inconclusive results between morphological and molecular analyses are discussed with a proposition to keep the current system until more males of taxa belonging to the Spinocalanoidea are discovered, as the male antennule plays a crucial role in the interpretation of relationships between Ryocalanoidea and Spinocalanoidea.

Part I Mapping the Terrain, 5 Gamblers, Loan Sharks, and Third-Party Funders

This chapter explores the participation of third-party funders acting within the scope of international arbitration, as well as the criticisms thereof. Popular contention suggests that litigation financing can lead to the corruption or commodification of justice — an issue that history has repeatedly rendered moot. Throughout the years, there has been a close interrelationship between market forces and the legal profession — the linking of business and profession together has even been practiced by such historical greats as Abraham Lincoln. Furthermore, doing away with third-party funding and market forces in general can limit the functions of justice. The better approach is to recognize the often indelible presence of the marketplace in judiciary proceedings, and thereby establish substantive rules and regulations that can narrow down the specific functions the third-party funder is meant to exercise.

Emotion and the affective turn: Towards an integration of cognition and affect in real life experience

Emotion is caused by many factors, some of which are evolutionary, neurological, chemical, environmental, societal, personal and religious. Mostly, however, we are oblivious of the causal factors, many of which may function on a biological level or subconsciously, although the emotional effect is experienced physically and consciously. Emotions change as the trigger mechanisms in the cultural context change. This usually happens unnoticed over long periods. Internet databases have now made it possible to study the use of emotive words; this point is discussed. Of particular interest is the interaction between emotion and reason. Models that reduce emotion to the physical level are scrutinised critically. Reason is not emotionless and emotion is not always irrational. The close interrelationship of emotion and reason often makes it difficult to distinguish accurately between the two. The so-called affective turn takes cognisance of cultural, social, religious and other environmental factors; this broader approach clarifies the importance of affect’s role in rationality. One way of viewing emotion and affect is to look at the accompanying language; here the role of metaphor and narrative is pertinent. The traditional elevation of reason above emotion is examined critically as part of the affective turn that broadens the meaning and scope of emotions. I focus on the role of emotion in religion and factors that influence it, and explore the accent of affect in new spiritualities.

General Conclusions

Brett Dennen is a fine musician, but listening to his lyrics, one might be tempted to think that because we ‘do [or see] it every day’, then it does not deserve an explanation. Our book has dealt with a variety of everyday phenomena such as ageing, sex, species, a green world, and a blue sea, and we hope that by now our readers will agree that there is a reason why things are this way. Indeed, the fact that these phenomena are so commonplace makes the questions all the more important. The exciting thing is that while considerable progress has been made in each of the areas we address, we still do not have a complete answer to any of the questions we have posed. We use this short concluding chapter to pull together some common threads and to discuss some of the interrelationships between our answers. First and foremost, even the most casual reader will note that there is a close interrelationship between the ecological and evolutionary explanations we have presented. Taking the perspective of evolutionary biology, almost all of the evolutionary explanations we have proposed include an important ecological component. For example, ageing is now widely seen to arise as a consequence of there being relatively weak natural selection late in an organism’s life. Yet the primary reason for this ‘selective shadow’ is that predators and parasites are likely to have killed the organism long before it reaches an advanced stage of maturity. Likewise, one explanation for the evolution of sex is that the variation it generates allows at least some of the offspring to better compete with members of the same species, or to avoid parasitism. In a similar vein, many of the ecological phenomena we have sought to explain have evolutionary origins. For example, tropical areas may have more species because rates of speciation are greater in the tropics, or because rates of extinction are greater at high latitudes, or both. Likewise, plants have evolved secondary compounds to deter herbivory, and the presence of these compounds may go some way towards understanding why the world remains green.

MEETING THE BURDEN OF STATEHOOD: IS KOSOVO READY?

There is ample evidence that Kosovo has no legitimacy in the normal sense of a sovereign state, and that, if it was to be recognized as such, it would further erode the credibility of the international system. Kosovo does not meet any historical standards for sovereignty. For Kosovo to be recognized as a legitimate sovereign state, the international community must violate the sovereignty of another recognized state, the Republic of Serbia. One should also take to consideration that Kosovo is already a territory run as a criminal enterprise, with links into jihadist movements. Already Kosovo is becoming like Afghanistan under the Taliban. And like the Taliban destruction of the ancient Buddhas of Bamiyan, the Albanian Islamist process of destruction of the Christian Churches will be complete if Kosovo is granted independence. The chaos of changing borders— such as we are seeing today in the Balkans, and elsewhere — is fertile ground for criminality. Europe is a major target for the global jihadist movements, and not only those under the al-Qaida label, but also those fi nanced and logistically made viable by the Iranian Government. Western fears have been strengthened by intelligence derived by European countries on the existence of a strong Islamist network in Kosovo and Bosnia. The “al-Qaida” phenomenon owes its success to the fi nancial links with what we are calling the Albanian mafi a, just as the Albanian criminals owe their success to the logistics and networks of al-Qaida. As far as Islamists are concerned, their goal is consolidation of their control over parts of the Balkans, specifi cally the so-called “Green transversal” belt which links the Adriatic Coast through Albania, FYR of Macedonia, the Serbian Kosovo and Metohija region, the southern Serbia/northern Montenegro Rashka (Sanjak) region, through the Gorazde Corridor into Bosnia, not only as a terrorist corridor but also to facilitate a clear highway for narco-traffi cking and weapons shipments. Signifi cantly, the Serbian Government within the union of Serbia & Montenegro, had, until the recent Serbian elections, attempted to ignore the growing incitement to a new outbreak of violence and unrest on the part of the Muslim community of southern Serbia (Rashka) and Kosovo because it did not wish to be seen to be drawing attention to the growing Muslim agitation. Finally, Kosovo Liberation Army still, and is able to access much of its narcotic product, because of its close interrelationship with jihadist movements worldwide and foreign state sponsors. There is no ground for optimism in the future. The wars to break up Yugoslavia are still unfi nalized. And in many of the new wars we will see savagery abound as groups “re-discover” old identities, and seek to capitalize on the permissive climate of change and chaos. However, it not just Balkans that is endangered. Deeply placed sources within the Islamist community in Kosovo have identifi ed the source and type of the explosives used in the jihadist terrorist bombings in London on July 7, 2005, and the Madrid commuter railway bombings of March 11, 2004.