Healing in the central nervous system of mammals

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
Doreen E. Ashhurst ◽  
M. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Collagenous Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Regeneration of axons in the mammalian CNS appears to be limited to a small group of unmyelinated fibres; the majority of axons are unable to grow across a lesion. Despite much work, the mechanism by which the growth of these axons is inhibited, is not understood. A mature, fully healed lesion is filled by collagenous tissue and bordered by the foot processes of astrocytes. Little is known of the early stages in the healing of a lesion, and since it was considered that the sequence of events in the days immediately following injury might be of special significance in determining whether the regenerating axons cross the lesion, this study was initiated.Lesions made with a knife were placed stereotactically in the left cerebral hemisphere of 30-day-old Wistar rats of either sex. After periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 30 days, the brains were perfused first with 20% and then 5% glutaraldehyde in 0. 1M phosphate buffer, pH 7. 2 containing 0. 05M sucrose.

Epidemiology of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in (a) Aberdeen and (b) Scotland

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dugald Baird
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Perinatal Death Rate ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Malformations

SummaryThe incidence of anencephalus and other malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) is much higher in the United Kingdom than in other countries of Western Europe which were not industrialized to the same extent. In the UK the incidence is highest in the unskilled manual occupational group, especially in the large cities of the North of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Standards of living have been low in these areas for many years and deteriorated sharply at the time of the worldwide industrial depression from 1928 to 1934. The population tended to be stunted in stature and to show other signs of chronic malnutrition.The cohort of women born in these years had an unusually high stillbirth rate from anencephalus (and from all other CNS malformations) from about 1946 onwards. It was highest in the early 1960s when these women were at the peak of their reproductive activity. This suggests that the severe malnutrition to which they were subjected before and soon after birth resulted in severe damage, which reduced their reproductive efficiency as demonstrated by the unusually high perinatal death rate from all CNS malformations. Not surprisingly the death rate rose sooner, lasted longer and reached a higher level in social classes IV and V than in social classes I and II. Other evidence of damage was an increase in the incidence of low birth weight babies with a corresponding increase in the perinatal death rate from this cause.In Scotland the stillbirth rate from anencephalus was approximately 2·1 per 1000 in 1948–49, 3·4 at its highest point between 1961 and 1963 and 2·1 in 1968, by which time the women born in the years of the depression had completed their childbearing. A teratogen acting during a particular period of time could not provide a satisfactory explanation for this sequence of events.

scholarly journals Standarization of a Protocol of Immunohistochemistry for the Detection of Brain Microglia in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Karol Ramírez Chan DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Jaime Jaime Fornaguera-Trías PhD
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Microglia Morphology

Objective: Standardize a protocol of immunohistochemistry that has been widely used in C57BL/6J mice to identify microglia of the central nervous system in Wistar rats.  Materials and Methods: This research activity was carried out in two parts. In the first part, a protocol of immunohistochemistry was implemented to identify microglia in the central nervous system of 6 Wistar rats. A primary antibody with reactivity to rat and a specific secondary antibody to the primary were used. Once the protocol was established in rats' brains, an immunological challenge was produced with the intraperitoneal application of lipopolysaccharide in 2 Wistar rats, in order to evidence the changes in microglia morphology.  Results and Discussion: We demonstrate that without making major modifications to the original protocol, it can also be used to identify microglia in adult Wistar rats. In the near future, this immunostaining protocol will be applied to elucidate the bidirectional interaction between the brain and the immune system, under homeostatic conditions and different physiological and pathological stimuli.

scholarly journals Estudo farmacológico do Heterothalamus brunioides: dose letal, atividade geral e sistema nervoso central

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Adriana Pizzutti dos Santos ◽  
Juliane Lavarda ◽  
Claúdio Sityá ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Führ ◽  
Ana Maria Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Heterothalamus brunioides Less is a native herb in Santaninha da Boa Vista (RS), and it is used in popular medicine to decrease toxilogical effect caused by snake bites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lethal dosis as well as the effects of the aquous extract of this plant upon the general activity and central nervous system. The lethal dosis on Wistar rats was 143,2 mg/kg of the cold aquous extract and when it was boiled none toxicological effect was observed. So, this substance is thermolabile. Since the general activity was not effects by the use of this drug, there is no non-indication for its recomendation. The effect upon the central nervous system is characterized by depression.

Myelin composition in the central nervous system of mutant Han-Wistar rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Fagc ◽  
V. Neuhoff ◽  
K.-H. Sontag ◽  
N.N. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The incidence of spontaneous tumors of the central nervous system of wistar rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sumi ◽  
D. Stavrou ◽  
H. Frohberg ◽  
G. Jochmann
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spontaneous Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Synergism of intraventricular NaCl infusion and subpressor angiotensins in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. H1-H8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Katahira ◽  
H. Mikami ◽  
T. Ogihara ◽  
K. Kohara ◽  
A. Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The effect of selective salt infusion to the central nervous system on the blood pressure (BP) regulation was examined in male Wistar rats. Hypertonic NaCl (0.8 M, 1 microliter/h) was infused into the lateral ventricle concomitantly with intravenous infusion of a subpressor dose (5.4 pmol.kg-1.min-1) of angiotensin II (ANG II) or its analogues for 7 days using osmotic minipumps. The BP was not increased by intracerebroventricular infusion of NaCl alone at this dose but was significantly and consistently increased by concomitant intravenous infusion of ANG II or its analogues. The increases in the BP over the base-line values on day 7 in groups on infusions of ANG II, ANG III, and pentasarcosyl-ANG II [(Sar)5ANG II] were 29 +/- 5 mmHg (n = 9, P less than 0.05), 8 +/- 2 mmHg (n = 8, P less than 0.05), and 19 +/- 3 mmHg (n = 6, P less than 0.05), respectively. The responses to hexamethonium, prazosin, and antagonists of arginine vasopressin and ANG II were examined in separate sets of conscious and unrestrained animals that had received intracerebroventricular infusion of NaCl and intravenous infusion of ANG II for the preceding 6 days. These animals showed significantly greater depressor responses only to hexamethonium and prazosin than control. These results indicate that the pressor effect of continuous and concomitant administration of intracerebroventricular NaCl and intravenous ANG II is mainly due to activation of the sympathetic nerve function. Synergism of the effects of selective central sodium administration and a subpressor dose of ANG II in the central nervous system is suggested.

scholarly journals Behaviour of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in an experimental model of toxic demyelination of the central nervous system

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (2B) ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominguita Lühers Graça ◽  
Eduardo Fernandes Bondan ◽  
Luis Antonio Violin Dias Pereira ◽  
Cristina Gevehr Fernandes ◽  
Paulo César Maiorka
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are engaged in myelin production, maintenance and repairing respectively in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Whereas oligodendrocytes act only within the CNS, Schwann cells are able to invade the CNS in order to make new myelin sheaths around demyelinated axons. Both cells have some limitations in their activities, i.e. oligodendrocytes are post-mitotic cells and Schwann cells only get into the CNS in the absence of astrocytes. Ethidium bromide (EB) is a gliotoxic chemical that when injected locally within the CNS, induce demyelination. In the EB model of demyelination, glial cells are destroyed early after intoxication and Schwann cells are free to approach the naked central axons. In normal Wistar rats, regeneration of lost myelin sheaths can be achieved as early as thirteen days after intoxication; in Wistar rats immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide the process is delayed and in rats administered cyclosporine it may be accelerated. Aiming the enlightening of those complex processes, all events concerning the myelinating cells in an experimental model are herein presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Dihydroergotamine affects spatial behavior and neurotransmission in the central nervous system of Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piechal ◽  
Kamilla Blecharz-Klin ◽  
Ilona Joniec-Maciejak ◽  
Justyna Pyrzanowska ◽  
Kinga Krzysztoforska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals PROTEASOME MECHANISMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE TO ALLOGRAFT IN WISTAR AND AUGUST RATS WITH DIFFERENT CONTENT OF MONOAMINES IN THE BRAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
T M Astakhova ◽  
Ya D Karpova ◽  
G A Bozhok ◽  
N M Alabedal’karim ◽  
Yu V Lyupina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
August Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Donor Specific Tolerance ◽  
Different Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Specific Tolerance ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

The aim of the work was to compare proteasome mechanisms of the development of donor-specific tolerance (DST) to ovarian allograft in outbred Wistar rats and inbred August rats with the increased level of monoamines and stress limiting systems in the brain. In spite of DST induction in all animals, engraftment was more effective in Wistar rats. In the liver of all rats with survived allograft, the level of proteasome immune subunt LMP2, evaluated by Western blotting, was significantly higher than in control false-operated rats. This difference was more pronounced in Wistar rats. Besides, in the liver of all rats with survived allografts, the level of proteasome PA28αβ activator was higher than in control. In conclusion, the development of DST is connected with the enrichment of liver proteasome pool by immune forms containing LMP2 subunit and PA28αβ activator. This process is partially suppressed in August rats under stress conditions of the central nervous system.

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