Microwave fixation of large tissue

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Toshio Sakai ◽  
Koji Uchizono
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cold Bath ◽  
Fixation Temperature ◽  
Irradiation Period ◽  
Microwave Fixation ◽  
Fixed Section

Chemical fixation of large biological tissues in electron microscopy has a disadvantage that fixative doesn’t penetrate well into the deeper part of the tissue. My experience suggests that the poor penetration by chemical fixation can be improved by microwave fixation. Temperature raise caused by microwave irradiation is regulated by the cold bath on the floor of the oven. This paper shows that microwave fixation is readily practicable together with conventional fixation. Well-fixed section with an area as large as 1×5mm is observable and the details of morphological structures are preserved quite well in it.A commercial microwave oven (National Microwave Oven Model NEM-335,2.45GHz 500/180W) was used for the microwave fixation. Irradiation period was controlled by Omuron H5cN-AN. Young mouse kidney and brain were used. The tissue in a glass vial placed in the cold bath was immersed in the mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH7.4),followed by microwave irradiation for 10 sec. twice.

scholarly journals Towards High Efficacy of Pd-Au/C Catalyst for Tetrachloromethane Hydrodechlorination

Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-359
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bonarowska ◽  
Zbigniew Kaszkur ◽  
Krzysztof Matus ◽  
Alicja Drelinkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Szumełda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Activation ◽  
Critical Part

We present an efficient strategy for synthesising the PdAu catalysts with a homogeneous PdAu alloy phase for environmentally important hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane in the gas phase. The synthesis of carbon-supported catalysts involved two major steps: (i) incorporation of palladium and gold nanoparticles into carbon support and (ii) activation of the catalysts. The critical part of this work was to find the optimal conditions for both steps. Thus, the incorporation of the nanoparticles was carried out in two ways, by impregnation and direct redox reaction method using acetone solutions of metal precursor salts. The activation was performed either by a conventional thermal reduction in hydrogen or flash irradiation in a microwave oven. The homogeneity and structure of the PdAu alloy were found to depend on the catalyst activation method critically. In all cases, we observed better homogeneity for catalysts that were subject to microwave irradiation. Moreover, the flash microwave irradiation of prepared catalysts provided catalysts of better stability and selectivity towards the desired products (hydrocarbons) in the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane as compared to the catalyst obtained by conventional thermal activation in hydrogen.

Preparation of Exfoliated Graphite by Microwave Using Natural Graphite with Different Particle Sizes

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2333-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Graphite Particle ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Graphite Intercalation

Three natural graphite flakes (35, 50 and 80 mesh) were used as raw material. Exfoliated graphite (EG) was prepared by rapidly heating residue H2SO4-graphite intercalation compounds (RGIC) in a muffle and by irradiating it in a microwave oven, respectively. Results show that the exfoliation volume of EG decreases with decreasing the raw graphite particle size. Compared with muffle heating, microwave irradiation is more helpful for the exfoliation of RGICs, especially for the small particle samples.

Synthesis of Hydrotalcites Using Microwave Irradiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fetter ◽  
P. Bosch ◽  
F. A. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Anion Exchangers ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven

ABSTRACTHydrotalcites are mineral anion exchangers whose exchange capacity is determined by the amount of structural magnesium atoms (octahedrally coordinated) substituted by aluminium atoms. In this work we study the synthesis of hydrotalcites using a domestic microwave oven at room pressure. The effect of the oven power on the composition and on the resulting structure of two hydrotalcites differing on their nominal Al/Al+Mg ratio is presented.

Infrared fiber optic temperature monitoring of biological tissues heated in a microwave oven

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Belotserkovsky ◽  
Y. Ashkenasy ◽  
Ofer Shenfeld ◽  
S. Drizlikh ◽  
Albert Zur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optic Temperature

Synthesis of Ferrocenyl-Substituted Heterocycles: The Beneficial Effect of the Microwave Irradiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Puciová ◽  
Peter Ertl ◽  
Štefan Toma
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Furan Derivatives ◽  
Lower Stability ◽  
Quantum Chemistry Calculations

The synthesis of ferrocenyl-substituted thiophenes, furans, pyrroles, pyrimidine and pyrazole has been studied. 2-Ferrocenylpyrroles were prepared from ferrocenyl ketoximes and acetylene in DMSO - KOH mixture whereas 3-chloro-3-ferrocenylacrylaldehydes and thioglycolic or glycolic acids were the starting materials for the synthesis of the thiophene and furan derivatives. The yields were significantly enhanced when the reactions were carried out in a microwave oven. The lower stability of 2-ferrocenylfuran in comparison with 2-ferrocenylthiophene is discussed on the basis of semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations.

A rapid fixation method for transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy using microwave irradiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Masumi Nozaki ◽  
Nobuhiko Honda ◽  
Hiroyuki Kato ◽  
Ying Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Microwave Fixation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently, the validity of microwave irradiation (MWI) for electron microscopy has attracted special interest especially in Japan. Recently, we developed a new maceration method for scanning electron microscopy (microwave maceration) and a rapid polymerization method for tissue embedding using epoxy resin (microwave polymerization). Concerning the tissue fixations using MWI (microwave fixation), there are many problems which are not yet clear. In this study, we intend to reveal the effectiveness and mechanism of microwave fixation for scanning and transmission electron mi c roscopy.Liver and trachea taken from Wistar strain male rats were used in this experiment. The fresh livers and tracheae were cut into small pieces and microwave irradiated using a microwave processor (H2500, Bio-Rad) for 1 or 3 min in 2.5% g1utara 1dehyde (GL) bufferized fixatives regulated at pH 7.3 with 0.1M phosphate buffer solution. To prevent the rising of temperature during MWI, specially designed metal case containing water and ice was used (Fig.1).

scholarly journals A Green Synthesis of a Novel Calix[4]Resorcinarene from 7-Hydroxycitronellal Using Microwave Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono ◽  
Iqbal Musthapa ◽  
Iis Rosliana ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Galuh Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Waste Production

A new versatile macromolecule cyclic C-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxycalix[4]resorcinarene (CDHHK4R) has been synthesized from a fragrance agent, 7-hydroxycitronellal, via microwave irradiation. The reaction utilized a domestic microwave oven at various irradiation time and power to yield an optimum condition. As a comparison, the conventional heating method was also employed for the synthesis of the same calix[4]resorcinarene. Compared to the conventional method, microwave-assisted reaction effectively reduced the reaction time, the amount of energy consumption and the waste production. It is found that the synthesis of CDHHK4R by microwave irradiation yielded 77.55% of product, higher than by conventional heating which was only 62.17%.

scholarly journals Microwave oven irradiation as a method for bacterial decontamination in a clinical microbiology laboratory

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-342
Author(s):  
J M Latimer ◽  
J M Matsen
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Clinical Pathogens

Exposure of 10 frequently isolated clinical pathogens to microwave irradiation resulted in total sterilization with 60 s. Time exposure experiments done with commercially prepared test strips containing Bacillus stearothermophilus spores indicated that 5-min exposure was adequate to insure sterility of small, contaminated loads.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Triacetin Catalyzed by Activated Natural Zeolite Under Microwave Irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Dzikri Hamzah ◽  
Taufik Rinaldi ◽  
Marwan Marwan ◽  
Wahyu Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Microwave Transmission

Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid under microwave irradiation in the presence of activated natural zeolite was investigated. Natural zeolite was collected from Ujung Pancu (Aceh Besar) and chemically activated with hydrochloric acid. The reaction was carried out in a stirred glass flask reactor placed inside microwave oven. Experimental variables include microwave transmission time, molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid, and catalyst loading. XRD profile of activated zeolite showed an increase of Si/Al ratio to 6.042 and the crystallinity decreased slightly by 12.23%, mainly due to dealumination during chemical treatment. Qualitative analysis by FTIR shows that the reaction product obtained by microwave heating contains ester group (triacetin) at wavelength 1706.669 cm-1, while the quantitative analysis by acidi-alkalimetry titration indicates the highest glycerol conversion of 93.033% at the reaction condition of the molar ratio of 1:9, catalyst loading of 3%, and microwave transmission of 10 minutes. The present work suggests that microwave can be utilized as efficient heating technique in esterification of glycerol to triacetin.

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