Clinical evaluation of carbohydrate deficient transferrin as an indicator of alcohol dependence

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash C Naik ◽  
Tim Webb ◽  
Phillip C McLean
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clinical usefulness of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) as an indicator of alcohol dependence (DSM 111R).Method:Subjects included 18 patients with alcohol dependence and 36 controls (15 recovering alcohol dependents and 21 blood donors). Blood samples from the subjects were analysed for CDT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and γ Glutamyltransferase (γGT). These indicators were compared for their sensitivities and specificities to detect excessive alcohol use.Results:Amongst patients with alcohol dependence, CDT was detected in all (100%), γGT was raised in 8 (44%) and MCV was raised in 4 (22%). CDT was detected in five of the 36 controls.Conclusion:CDT was the most sensitive indicator of alcohol dependence. However, CDT showed a much higher false positive rate compared to previous studies. More research is required to elicit at what level of alcohol consumption CDT becomes positive. CDT could prove to be a clinically useful indicator of excessive alcohol use in future.

scholarly journals Intra- and interindividual variability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, γ-glutamyltransferase, and mean corpuscular volume in teetotalers

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2120-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Helander ◽  
Erling Vabö ◽  
Klas Levin ◽  
Stefan Borg
Keyword(s):  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Blood samples for determination of the biochemical alcohol markers carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in serum, and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were collected once every 1–2 weeks over ∼5 months from 10 female and 4 male teetotalers. Mean values for serum CDT (using the CDTectTM assay) ranged from 9.9 to 29.4 units/L (median, 14.2 units/L), and the highest results were obtained in the women. The mean values for serum GGT ranged from 0.15 to 0.49 μkat/L (median, 0.30 μkat/L, or 18 U/L) except for one woman with a very high mean of 3.07 μkat/L. For MCV, the mean values ranged from 79.5 to 91.5 fL. Two women showed several CDT results above the upper reference limit (mean values, 27.6 and 29.4 units/L, respectively); however, their GGT and MCV values fell within the reference intervals. One of these women exhibited an increased total transferrin concentration (mean value, 5.38 g/L), which was possibly related to the use of oral contraceptives and/or a low serum iron concentration. When the CDTect value was expressed relative to total transferrin, a ratio within the reference interval was observed for this woman but not for the other woman with increased CDTect values. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation between individuals in CDT, GGT, and MCV without drinking any alcohol. The results also show that these baseline values are fairly constant over time within the same individual.

scholarly journals Should We Use Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin instead of γ-Glutamyltransferase for Detecting Problem Drinkers? A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Scouller ◽  
Katherine M Conigrave ◽  
Petra Macaskill ◽  
Les Irwig ◽  
John B Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Problem Drinkers ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been used as a test for excessive alcohol consumption in research, clinical, and medico-legal settings, but there remain conflicting data on its accuracy, with sensitivities ranging from <20% to 100%. We examined evidence of its benefit over a conventional and less expensive test, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and compared the accuracy of different CDT assay methods. Methods: We performed a systematic review using summary ROC analysis of 110 studies prior to June 1998 on the use of CDT in the detection of alcohol dependence or hazardous/harmful alcohol use. Results: We identified several potential sources of bias in studies. In studies examining CDT and GGT in the same subjects, subject characteristics were less likely to influence the comparison. In such paired studies, the original Pharmacia CDT assay was significantly more accurate than GGT, but the modified CDTect assay did not perform as well as the original and was not significantly better than GGT. The accuracy of the AXIS %CDT assay was statistically indistinguishable from modified CDTect. Several CDT assay methods appeared promising, in particular, liquid chromatography (chromatofocusing, HPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography) and isoelectric focusing, but there were insufficient paired studies from which to draw firm conclusions. Conclusions: In studies published before June 1998, the results obtained with commercially available CDT assays were not significantly better than GGT as markers of excessive alcohol use in paired studies. Further high-quality studies comparing CDTect (modified) and other CDT assays with GGT in the same subjects are needed.

scholarly journals Persistence of Macrocytosis after Discontinuation of Zidovudine in HIV-Infected Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inski Yu ◽  
Richard N. Greenberg ◽  
Timothy N. Crawford ◽  
Alice C. Thornton ◽  
Thein Myint
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Normal Range

The duration of macrocytosis after stopping zidovudine (ZDV) is unknown. Among 104 HIV-infected patients treated with ZDV for more than 1 year, 84 patients had macrocytosis at ZDV discontinuation. The median mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 114.6 fL (range 100-128 fL). Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who did (resolved macrocytosis, n = 36) and did not (persistent macrocytosis, n = 48) normalize MCV at 3 to 6 months after ZDV discontinuation. Alcohol use ( P = .02), smoking ( P = .03), and lower (but within normal range) folic acid levels ( P = .05) were related to the persistence of macrocytosis. A persistence of macrocytosis was observed in 57% at 3 to 6 months, 38% at 1 year and 37% at 2 years after ZDV therapy had stopped. Duration of ZDV therapy did not have an effect on the persistence of macrocytosis ( P = .73). The median time for the MCV to normalize after stopping ZDV was 12.5 months.

scholarly journals Multicenter evaluation of EIAs and CLIAs in the detection of hepatitis C virus antibody among blood donors in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Chang ◽  
Huimin Ji ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Xinyi Jiang ◽  
Lunan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Antibody

Abstract Background Recent data on the evaluation of screening serological assays on anti-HCV among a large sample of blood donors is lacking. The present study aimed to perform a multicenter evaluation of EIAs and CLIAs for detection of anti-HCV among blood donors in 16 different Chinese blood centers/banks. Methods A total of 1,309 samples containing 582 anti-HCV screening negatives and 727 positives collected from 15 blood centers/banks all over China. A total of 10 different anti-HCV assays (8 EIAs and 2 CLIAs) were evaluated in 16 different blood centers/banks. Confirmatory testing was performed using RIBA and HCV RNA tests. Results There were 963 true negatives, 261 positives, and 85 indeterminate samples. False positive rate of screening testing was 52.54% (382/727). Roche and InTec had the highest sensitivity (98.47%) and KHB and Wantai (indirect EIA) had the highest specificity (99.23%). Ortho/Abbott together with InTec could detect all the true positives. RIBA indeterminate samples showed quite different S/CO ratios detected by Roche compared with RIBA positives (4.84 vs 19.36, P < 0.0001), and higher S/CO ratios than RIBA negatives (4.84 vs 2.94, P = 0.020). However, there was no difference among the three groups when detected by Abbott. Also, the antigen distribution and band intensity were different between indeterminate and RIBA positive. When S/CO ratio went to 8.2 on Roche and 4.2 on Abbott, the PPV could achieve more than 95%. Conclusion False reactive problem of anti-HCV screening should be solved urgently. RIBA indeterminate donations may be a special group, should be further studied.

Follow‐up program for blood donors with unconfirmed screening results reveals a high false‐positive rate in Dalian, China

Transfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
Xuelian Deng ◽  
Liang Zang ◽  
Xinmei Wang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Jiangdi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
High False Positive Rate ◽  
Positive Rate
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