Weed Control During Establishment and Yield Response of Timothy (Phleum pratense)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Establishment Phase

The effects of 14 herbicide treatments, tested in the establishment phase, were investigated on timothy productivity in two field experiments conducted at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Satisfactory weed control achieved with chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, bentazon, diclofop plus bromoxynil, and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba during the establishment year ensured good forage establishment which in turn caused a ‘residual effect’ for 1 to 3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cumulative forage dry matter yields significantly. In the stand established in 1985, when field pennycress (97 m-2) was the dominant weed in the seedling stage, these treatments increased yields 29 to 52% over a 3-yr period. In the stand established in 1986, when common lambsquarters (27 m-2) was the dominant weed, these treatments increased cumulative yields 24 to 44%. Sethoxydim and fenoxaprop, tested alone, caused significant crop injury in both experiments.

Total Postemergence Weed Control in Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed control in imidazolinone-resistant corn with postemergence applications of imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. Imazethapyr controlled 100% of redroot pigweed, jimsonweed, and eastern black nightshade. Control of fall panicum with imazethapyr was inconsistent, with control ranging from 42 to 85%. Imazethapyr provided less than 55% control of common lambsquarters and 43% of large crabgrass. Imazethapyr plus either atrazine, 2,4-D, or dicamba increased control of common lambsquarters compared to imazethapyr alone. Fall panicum control was > 95% with nicosufluron. CGA-152005 and MON 12000 did not control eastern black nightshade. In 1995, corn yield was greater with the hand-weeded check compared to all herbicide treatments. The greatest return over herbicide cost with imazethapyr was obtained with imazethapyr plus atrazine. Nicosulfuron plus CGA-152005 provided the greatest return over herbicide cost when averaged across years.

Multiple Applications of Reduced-Rate Herbicides for Weed Control in Onion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Loken ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Reduced Rate

Field experiments were conducted at Oakes, Absaraka, and Tappen, ND, in 2006 and repeated at Oakes and Absaraka, ND, in 2007 to evaluate early season weed control of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed in onion with POST herbicides applied at multiple reduced rates (microrates) and to determine whether microrate herbicide treatments effectively reduced early season broadleaf weed competition, caused crop injury, or affected yield. Application rates of bromoxynil, oxyfluorfen, metribuzin, and acifluorfen were reduced to 0.25, 0.13, and 0.06× of their lowest labeled rate and applied in sequential applications (every 7 d) either two or three times. The 0.25× rate of bromoxynil (70.1 g ae/ha) provided the greatest control of common lambsquarters (95%). The 0.25× rates of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen (70.1 g ai/ha) provided the greatest control of redroot pigweed (93 and 85%, respectively). Microrate applications of metribuzin or acifluorfen did not effectively control common lambsquarters or redroot pigweed. In 2006, no onion injury was observed. However, in 2007, applications of oxyfluorfen resulted in approximately 15% injury, regardless of the herbicide rate or the number of applications. Plants outgrew symptoms by 4 wk after treatment and were similar to the untreated plants. Onion treated with oxyfluorfen had the greatest total yield, followed by onion treated with bromoxynil. Onion treated with acifluorfen had a greater total marketable bulb yield than onion treated with metribuzin, but yield was considered poor compared to the other herbicide treatments. Three microrate applications provided greater weed control and increased yield compared with two applications across herbicides and rates. Results suggest that microrate applications of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen will provide early season broadleaf weed control in onion.

Economic Yield Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Postemergence Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate timing of POST herbicide application in peanut for annual broadleaf weed control, peanut yield, and net returns. Bentazon tank-mixtures with either acifluorfen or paraquat controlled common lambsquarters, prickly sida, and morningglory species equally when applied either at ground-cracking (GC) or 2 wk after ground-cracking (2WGC). Paraquat controlled common lambsquarters least (32 to 33%). Bentazon plus acifluorfen plus BCH 81508S controlled 82% common lambsquarters at 2WGC compared with 66% control from bentazon plus acifluorfen plus a crop oil concentrate. Lactofen controlled 86% common lambsquarters when applied at GC compared to 34% at 2WGC. All applications applied at 4 wk after GC (4WGC) controlled essentially no annual broadleaf weeds. Higher yields and net returns were generally obtained with earlier herbicide applications. Bentazon tank-mixtures with acifluorfen provided equivalent peanut yields and net returns for GC and 2WGC applications.

Evaluation of S-Metolachlor and S-Metolachlor Plus Atrazine Mixtures with Mesotrione for Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory M. Whaley ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 to evaluate PRE applications of mesotrione at 150, 230, and 310 g ai/ha alone, and in mixtures with S-metolachlor at 1,070 g ai/ha and atrazine at 560 and 1,120 g ai/ha in corn. Corn injury was 11 to 18% with all treatments in 2002 when 3.2 cm of rainfall occurred within 10 d after PRE applications, but no injury was observed in 2001 and 2003 when rainfall was 0 and 1.1 cm within 10 d after PRE applications, respectively. Rainfall following PRE herbicide applications also influenced weed control, where weed control was generally poor with all herbicide treatments in 2001. Mesotrione at 150 g/ha controlled common lambsquarters and smooth pigweed at least 95% in 2002 and 2003, but control was 70% or less in 2001. PRE mesotrione at rates of 230 or 310 g/ha controlled common ragweed at least 83% in 2002 and 2003, but control exceeded 88% with mixtures of mesotrione at rates greater than 150 g/ha plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine at 560 g/ha. Morningglory species (ivyleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglory) were not consistently controlled by mesotrione alone. In 2002 and 2003, mixtures of all mesotrione rates plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine at 1,120 g/ha controlled morningglory species at least 90%. Corn treated with mesotrione at any rate plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine at 1,120 g/ha consistently produced high yields. It is concluded that control with this three-way mixture would be most consistent with a minimum rate of mesotrione at 230 g/ha and atrazine at 1,120 g/ha.

Weed Control in Wide- and Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max) with Imazamox, Imazethapyr, and CGA-277476 plus Quizalofop

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field experiments were conducted at East Lansing and Clarksville, MI, to evaluate the efficacy of imazamox, imazethapyr, and CGA-277476 plus quizalofop applied postemergence in wide- (76-cm) and narrow- (19-cm) row soybean. Soybean injury from all herbicides was minimal 14 days after treatment (DAT), except for CGA-277476 at 79 g ai/ha plus 69 g ai/ha quizalofop, which caused 30% soybean injury at the Clarksville location. Adding 4 g ai/ha CGA-248757 to 65 g ai/ha CGA-277476 plus quizalofop reduced common ragweed control, but increased redroot pigweed control in wide rows compared to 79 g ai/ha CGA-277476 plus quizalofop. Imazamox at 35 and 45 g ai/ha provided greater common ragweed and common lambsquarters control than imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha 28 DAT. All herbicide treatments controlled velvetleaf. Common ragweed and common lambsquarters control by all herbicide treatments was enhanced in narrow- compared to wide-row soybean 56 DAT as was redroot pigweed control by CGA-277476 treatments. Total weed biomass and soybean yield in wide-row soybean treated with imazamox at 45 g/ha was not different from the hand-weeded control. In narrow-row soybean, soybean yield was equal to the hand-weeded control for 35 and 45 g/ha imazamox and 70 g/ha imazethapyr. Postemergence herbicide treatments resulted in less weed biomass and greater soybean yield in narrow- compared to wide-row soybean.

Altai wild ryegrass yield response to herbicides applied during establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The effects on productivity of Altai wild ryegrass (Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger) of 14 herbicide treatments applied during establishment were investigated in two field experiments at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Weed control achieved with metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron and tank-mixed applications of bromoxynil with diclofop or fenoxaprop during the establishment year ensured satisfactory forage establishment which in turn caused a "residual effect" for 1–3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cummulative forage dry matter yields significantly. When established with a heavy broadleaf weed infestation (138 m−2) dominated by stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in 1985, bromoxynil plus diclofop increased yield 359% over a 3-yr period. Sulfonylurea herbicides increased yield 221–346%. Bentazon and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba increased yields 85%. With a moderate weed infestation (40 m−2) dominated by lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) in 1986, sulfonylurea herbicides and bromoxynil plus the graminicides increased cummulative yields only 37–59%. Sethoxydim and fenoxaprop, tested alone, caused significant crop injury in both experiments. Key words: Altai wild ryegrass, Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger, herbicide, weed control, forage yield

Effect of herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. S. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation

Two field experiments were conducted during the kharif (rainy) season of 1999 and 2000 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of various pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean. The presence of weeds in the weedy control plots resulted in 58.8 and 58.1% reduction in the grain yield in the two years compared to two hand weedings (HW) at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), which gave grain yields of 1326 and 2029 kg ha-1. None of the herbicides was significantly superior to the two hand weedings treatment in influencing the grain yield. However, the pre-emergence application of 0.75 kg ha-1 S-metolachlor, and 0.5 kg ha-1 pendimethalin (pre-emergence) + HW 30 DAS were at par or numerically superior to this treatment. There was a good negative correlation between the weed dry matter at harvest and the grain yield of soybean, which showed that effective weed control is necessary for obtaining higher yields of soybean.

Trace element uptake by two British Columbia forages as affected by poultry manure application

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
L. E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trace Element Uptake

Field experiments evaluated yield response to deep-pit poultry manure application to barley on a clay soil near Prince George and a grass-legume forage on a silty clay loam soil near Chilliwack, B.C. Substantial dry matter yield increases were measured at manure applications up to 20 t ha−1. Subsamples of both crops and the poultry manure were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, B and Co. Selenium analyses were made on selected crop samples. There were no indications of toxicity problems even at 40 t ha−1, the highest application. Copper and Zn concentrations in forages were increased by the poultry manure and the Mn/Cu ratio tended to decrease with manure application. Key words: Orchardgrass, ladino clover, barley, micronutrients

scholarly journals Residual Activity of ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides on Monocot Crops and Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Lancaster ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residual Control

AbstractField experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Fayetteville, Arkansas, to evaluate the residual activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)–inhibiting herbicides for monocot crop injury and weed control. Conventional rice, quizalofop-resistant rice, grain sorghum, and corn crops were evaluated for tolerance to soil applications of six herbicides (quizalofop at 80 and 160 g ai ha–1, clethodim at 68 and 136 g ai ha–1, fenoxaprop at 122 g ai ha–1, cyhalofop at 313 g ai ha–1, fluazifop at 210 and 420 g ai ha–1, and sethoxydim at 140 and 280 g ai ha–1). Overhead sprinkler irrigation of 1.3 cm was applied immediately after treatment to half of the plots, and the crops planted into the treated plots at 0, 7, and 14 d after herbicide treatment. In 2014, injury from herbicide treatments increased with activation for all crops evaluated, except for quizalofop-resistant rice. At 14 d after treatment (DAT) in 2014, corn and grain sorghum were injured 19% and 20%, respectively, from the higher rate of sethoxydim with irrigation activation averaged over plant-back dates. Conventional rice was injured 13% by the higher rate of fluazifop in 2014. Quizalofop-resistant rice was injured no more than 4% by any of the graminicides evaluated in either year. In 2015, a rainfall event occurred within 24 h of initiating the experiment; thus, there were no differences between activation via irrigation or by rainfall. However, as in 2014, grain sorghum and corn were injured 16% and 13%, respectively, by the higher rate of sethoxydim, averaged over plant-back dates. All herbicides provided little residual control of grass weeds, mainly broadleaf signalgrass and barnyardgrass. These findings indicate the need to continue allowing a plant-back interval to rice following a graminicide application, unless quizalofop-resistant rice is to be planted. The plant-back interval will vary by graminicide and the amount of moisture received following the application.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the herbage iodine content.

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hartmans
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
Factors Affecting

In pot and field experiments, N application somewhat increased the I content of the harvested crop, although I concentrations in the herbage decreased considerably (diluting effect of increased dry matter yields). Herbage I contents were not consistently affected by chemical fertilizers which produced no yield response. I contents were up to 13 times higher in dicotyledenous pasture species than in grasses. I contents varied between grass species and to less extent between varieties of a single species. Contrary to earlier New Zealand data, good quality grasses were lower in I content than medium-value and inferior grasses. Small I dressings were less effective than larger amounts in terms of percentage return in the harvested crop; residual effects in later cuts were always small. The effectiveness of I dressings depended on soil type and tended to be lowest on soils of low natural I content. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Studies were with ryegrass in pots and pastures. N dressing increased I uptake by the crop but reduced the I content considerably because of the diluting effect of higher DM yields. Dressing with fertilizers which did increase yield did not affect herbage I content consistently. Dicotyledonous species in pasture had I contents up to 13 times that of grasses. The I content of grasses varied over a 2-fold range but variation was smaller in a given species. Good quality grasses had a lower I content than inferior grasses. Smaller I dressings gave a smaller percentage return in the crop than larger amounts; the efficiency depended on soil type and tended to be less for soils with the lowest natural I content. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document