Multiple Applications of Reduced-Rate Herbicides for Weed Control in Onion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Loken ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Reduced Rate

Field experiments were conducted at Oakes, Absaraka, and Tappen, ND, in 2006 and repeated at Oakes and Absaraka, ND, in 2007 to evaluate early season weed control of common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed in onion with POST herbicides applied at multiple reduced rates (microrates) and to determine whether microrate herbicide treatments effectively reduced early season broadleaf weed competition, caused crop injury, or affected yield. Application rates of bromoxynil, oxyfluorfen, metribuzin, and acifluorfen were reduced to 0.25, 0.13, and 0.06× of their lowest labeled rate and applied in sequential applications (every 7 d) either two or three times. The 0.25× rate of bromoxynil (70.1 g ae/ha) provided the greatest control of common lambsquarters (95%). The 0.25× rates of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen (70.1 g ai/ha) provided the greatest control of redroot pigweed (93 and 85%, respectively). Microrate applications of metribuzin or acifluorfen did not effectively control common lambsquarters or redroot pigweed. In 2006, no onion injury was observed. However, in 2007, applications of oxyfluorfen resulted in approximately 15% injury, regardless of the herbicide rate or the number of applications. Plants outgrew symptoms by 4 wk after treatment and were similar to the untreated plants. Onion treated with oxyfluorfen had the greatest total yield, followed by onion treated with bromoxynil. Onion treated with acifluorfen had a greater total marketable bulb yield than onion treated with metribuzin, but yield was considered poor compared to the other herbicide treatments. Three microrate applications provided greater weed control and increased yield compared with two applications across herbicides and rates. Results suggest that microrate applications of bromoxynil and oxyfluorfen will provide early season broadleaf weed control in onion.

Processing Tomato and Weed Response to Flufenacet plus Metribuzin

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Allan S. Hamill ◽  
Mirwais M. Qaderi ◽  
Colleen Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 at two locations (Harrow and Ridgetown) in southwestern Ontario to determine the biologically effective rates (I90) of a commercial formulation of flufenacet plus metribuzin for weed control and processing tomato tolerance. At the proposed label use rate, flufenacet plus metribuzin provided excellent (≥90%) early-season (22 to 29 d after planting) control of velvetleaf, good (80 to 89%) control of barnyardgrass and redroot pigweed, and fair (60 to 79%) control of common lambsquarters. Flufenacet plus metribuzin provided fair late-season (59 to 97 d after planting) control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters and poor (≤59%) control of barnyardgrass and velvetleaf. At Harrow and Ridgetown, I90values for early-season weed control ranged from 70 to 1,300 g ai/ha and 50 to 1,900 g ai/ha, respectively. Flufenacet plus metribuzin provided poor weed control at Ridgetown. This result was not attributable to higher weed density or particular weed species but may have been caused by lack of rainfall and too low application rates for the medium-textured soil type. It is estimated that flufenacet plus metribuzin at 1,400 g/ha can control green foxtail season-long, whereas barnyardgrass and common lambsquarters would require 1,900 g/ha. Season-long control of velvetleaf and redroot pigweed would require application rates of 3,200 and 7,100 g/ha, respectively. Only slight early-season crop injury was observed, which was not reflected in yields. Optimum yields of tomatoes were obtained at Harrow at rates lower or slightly higher than the registered rates for corn and soybean. Tomato yields were higher at Harrow than at Ridgetown, which may have been due to differences in soil texture. Tomatoes grown in a medium-textured (Ridgetown) soil appeared to be less competitive against weeds than those grown in a coarse-textured soil (Harrow).

scholarly journals Early Season Broadleaf Weed Control in Onion

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 971D-972
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Carrie E. Schumacher ◽  
Collin P. Auwarter ◽  
Paul E. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residual Control

Field studies were conducted at Absaraka, Carrington, and Oakes, N.D., in 2005 to evaluate early season broadleaf weed control and onion (Allium cepa L.) injury with herbicides applied preemergence to the crop. DCPA is a common preemergence herbicide used in onion. However, DCPA can be uneconomical in most high-weed situations, or the usage may be restricted due to possible groundwater contamination. Potential substitutes evaluated were bromoxynil, dimethenamid-P, and pendimethalin. Main broadleaf weeds were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). In general, all herbicides, except bromoxynil, provided acceptable broadleaf weed control 4 weeks after treatment. The highest herbicide rate provided greater weed control compared with the lowest rate for each herbicide. However, onion height was also reduced with the highest herbicide rate. In addition, the two highest rates of dimethenamid-P reduced the onion stand compared with the untreated. A postemergence application of bromoxynil + oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin to onion at the four- to five-leaf stage controlled the few broadleaf weeds that escaped the preemergence treatments and provided residual control of mid- and late-season germinating broadleaf weeds at two of the three locations. Intense germination of redroot pigweed during July at the Oakes location reduced onion yield with all treatments compared with the hand-weeded check. In contrast, total onion yields with all herbicide treatments except the high rate of dimethenamid-P were similar to the hand-weeded check at Absaraka and Carrington.

Weed Control in Wide- and Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max) with Imazamox, Imazethapyr, and CGA-277476 plus Quizalofop

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field experiments were conducted at East Lansing and Clarksville, MI, to evaluate the efficacy of imazamox, imazethapyr, and CGA-277476 plus quizalofop applied postemergence in wide- (76-cm) and narrow- (19-cm) row soybean. Soybean injury from all herbicides was minimal 14 days after treatment (DAT), except for CGA-277476 at 79 g ai/ha plus 69 g ai/ha quizalofop, which caused 30% soybean injury at the Clarksville location. Adding 4 g ai/ha CGA-248757 to 65 g ai/ha CGA-277476 plus quizalofop reduced common ragweed control, but increased redroot pigweed control in wide rows compared to 79 g ai/ha CGA-277476 plus quizalofop. Imazamox at 35 and 45 g ai/ha provided greater common ragweed and common lambsquarters control than imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha 28 DAT. All herbicide treatments controlled velvetleaf. Common ragweed and common lambsquarters control by all herbicide treatments was enhanced in narrow- compared to wide-row soybean 56 DAT as was redroot pigweed control by CGA-277476 treatments. Total weed biomass and soybean yield in wide-row soybean treated with imazamox at 45 g/ha was not different from the hand-weeded control. In narrow-row soybean, soybean yield was equal to the hand-weeded control for 35 and 45 g/ha imazamox and 70 g/ha imazethapyr. Postemergence herbicide treatments resulted in less weed biomass and greater soybean yield in narrow- compared to wide-row soybean.

Effect of Tillage and Soil-Applied Herbicides with Micro-Rate Herbicide Programs on Weed Control and Sugarbeet Growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Bollman ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field trials were conducted to determine if tillage and soil-applied herbicides had an effect on weed control and sugarbeet growth with a micro-rate herbicide program. Sugarbeet emergence was earlier in the moldboard plowed system compared with the chisel plowed system at three of four sites. Conditions were dry and sugarbeets emerged 5 d later in the moldboard plowed system compared with the chisel plowed system at the fourth site. Even though the rate of sugarbeet emergence differed between tillage systems at all four sites, final sugarbeet populations did not differ at two of the four sites. Sugarbeet injury from PRE treatments ofS-metolachlor, ethofumesate, and ethofumesate plus pyrazon, followed by four POST micro-rate applications, ranged from 11 to 27% and 1 to 18% in the chisel and moldboard plowed systems, respectively, 6 wk after planting (WAP). Under wet conditions, sugarbeet stand was reduced and injury was greatest from PRE applications ofS-metolachlor. Common lambsquarters, pigweed (redroot pigweed and Powell amaranth), and giant foxtail control in mid-August was consistently higher when a PRE herbicide was applied prior to micro-rate herbicide treatments. Even though there were differences between PRE and no-PRE treatments with respect to sugarbeet injury and weed control, recoverable white sucrose yield did not differ between herbicide treatments. However, recoverable white sucrose yield was greater in the moldboard plowed treatments compared with the chisel plowed treatments at three out of the four sites.

Total Postemergence Weed Control in Imidazolinone-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed control in imidazolinone-resistant corn with postemergence applications of imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. Imazethapyr controlled 100% of redroot pigweed, jimsonweed, and eastern black nightshade. Control of fall panicum with imazethapyr was inconsistent, with control ranging from 42 to 85%. Imazethapyr provided less than 55% control of common lambsquarters and 43% of large crabgrass. Imazethapyr plus either atrazine, 2,4-D, or dicamba increased control of common lambsquarters compared to imazethapyr alone. Fall panicum control was > 95% with nicosufluron. CGA-152005 and MON 12000 did not control eastern black nightshade. In 1995, corn yield was greater with the hand-weeded check compared to all herbicide treatments. The greatest return over herbicide cost with imazethapyr was obtained with imazethapyr plus atrazine. Nicosulfuron plus CGA-152005 provided the greatest return over herbicide cost when averaged across years.

Preemergence Herbicides for Potential Use in Potato Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Joel Felix ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Potential Use

Field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 near Paterson, WA and Ontario, OR to evaluate weed control and potato tolerance to PRE-applied pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, and KSU12800 herbicides. Pyroxasulfone at 0.09 to 0.15 kg ai ha−1and saflufenacil at 0.05 to 0.07 kg ai ha−1applied PRE alone or in tank mixes with several currently labeled herbicides did not injure potatoes at either site in both years. KSU12800 at 0.15 kg ai ha−1injured potatoes from 18 to 26% for a period of about 4 wk after emergence at Ontario both years. In addition, KSU12800 at 0.29 and 0.45 kg ha−1injured potatoes from 17 to 38% at 17 d after treatment (DAT) at Paterson in 2009. Pyroxasulfone at 0.15 kg ha−1controlled barnyardgrass, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed 96% or greater, but control of common lambsquarters was variable. Saflufenacil at 0.07 kg ha−1provided greater than 93% control of common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed at both sites in 2010. KSU12800 at 0.15 kg ha−1controlled common lambsquarters, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed 99% or more at Ontario, but only 87 to 93% at Paterson in 2010. These herbicides did not reduce yield of U.S. no. 1 tubers or total tuber yields compared to standard labeled herbicide treatments when weed control was adequate.

Early-Season Weed Control Using Herbicides with Adjuvants in Direct-Seeded Onion

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Loken ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Early-season weed competition may cause substantial yield losses in onion. Oxyfluorfen and bromoxynil are POST herbicide options for weed control once onion has developed two leaves, which often takes 4 to 6 wk. Multiple applications of oxyfluorfen at 35 and 18 g ai ha−1and bromoxynil at 35 and 18 g ae ha−1with adjuvants were evaluated for onion safety and weed control under controlled greenhouse conditions. Oxyfluorfen at 35 g ha−1plus organosilicone surfactant caused 42% onion injury at 12 d after three sequential applications. Onion treated with bromoxynil at 18 g ha−1plus high surfactant oil concentrate had lower fresh weight (0.7 g) compared to methylated seed oil (MSO) (1.2 g) or petroleum oil concentrate (POC) (1.3 g) at the same bromoxynil rate. The addition of nonionic surfactant to bromoxynil, averaged across bromoxynil rates, provided 17 and 39% control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters, respectively. Redroot pigweed control with oxyfluorfen at 35 or 18 g ha−1plus any tested adjuvant was excellent (≥ 93%). Results suggested the use of POC or MSO with either oxyfluorfen or bromoxynil for subsequent field trials because of similar common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed control and onion safety.

Weed Control and Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance from Soil-Applied RPA 201772

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 to evaluate weed control and corn tolerance from soil-applied RPA 201772. Treatments alone and in tank mixtures with other corn herbicides were applied preemergence (PRE) at two locations with conventional tillage and at early preplant (EPP) and PRE application timings in no-tillage corn. RPA 201772 was applied alone and in tank mixtures with one-half the typical field rates of other PRE corn herbicides. In conventional tillage experiments in 1996, 1997, and at one location in 1998, all treatments containing RPA 201772 provided > 90% control of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, and velvetleaf. In two no-tillage experiments, common lambsquarters and velvetleaf control was > 90%, regardless of application timing. However, control of redroot pigweed and common ragweed varied among years and application timings. Weed control was more variable from herbicide treatments applied EPP compared with the PRE application timing. Giant foxtail control in both tillage systems was rate, timing, and year dependent. RPA 201772 rates higher than 79 g/ha controlled giant foxtail > 85% at three of five locations. At one location, tank mixtures with RPA 201772 increased giant foxtail control. Corn injury occurred in one of two conventional tillage locations and at the no-tillage location in both 1996 and 1997. Injury was most commonly observed in coarse-textured soils with low clay and organic matter and was more severe with higher rates of RPA 201772. Increased corn injury was also observed when RPA 201772 was combined with acetochlor plus dicloramid or BAYFOE 5043 plus metribuzin. Corn injury from RPA 201772 occurred at application rates above the proposed rate for use on corn. In some cases, severe injury to corn reduced corn yield. Injury to corn from RPA 201772 was not unique to any tillage system and was site, year, and rate dependent.

Evaluation of S-Metolachlor and S-Metolachlor Plus Atrazine Mixtures with Mesotrione for Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory M. Whaley ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Minimum Rate ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 to evaluate PRE applications of mesotrione at 150, 230, and 310 g ai/ha alone, and in mixtures with S-metolachlor at 1,070 g ai/ha and atrazine at 560 and 1,120 g ai/ha in corn. Corn injury was 11 to 18% with all treatments in 2002 when 3.2 cm of rainfall occurred within 10 d after PRE applications, but no injury was observed in 2001 and 2003 when rainfall was 0 and 1.1 cm within 10 d after PRE applications, respectively. Rainfall following PRE herbicide applications also influenced weed control, where weed control was generally poor with all herbicide treatments in 2001. Mesotrione at 150 g/ha controlled common lambsquarters and smooth pigweed at least 95% in 2002 and 2003, but control was 70% or less in 2001. PRE mesotrione at rates of 230 or 310 g/ha controlled common ragweed at least 83% in 2002 and 2003, but control exceeded 88% with mixtures of mesotrione at rates greater than 150 g/ha plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine at 560 g/ha. Morningglory species (ivyleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglory) were not consistently controlled by mesotrione alone. In 2002 and 2003, mixtures of all mesotrione rates plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine at 1,120 g/ha controlled morningglory species at least 90%. Corn treated with mesotrione at any rate plus S-metolachlor plus atrazine at 1,120 g/ha consistently produced high yields. It is concluded that control with this three-way mixture would be most consistent with a minimum rate of mesotrione at 230 g/ha and atrazine at 1,120 g/ha.

Weed Control During Establishment and Yield Response of Timothy (Phleum pratense)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Establishment Phase

The effects of 14 herbicide treatments, tested in the establishment phase, were investigated on timothy productivity in two field experiments conducted at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Satisfactory weed control achieved with chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, bentazon, diclofop plus bromoxynil, and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba during the establishment year ensured good forage establishment which in turn caused a ‘residual effect’ for 1 to 3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cumulative forage dry matter yields significantly. In the stand established in 1985, when field pennycress (97 m-2) was the dominant weed in the seedling stage, these treatments increased yields 29 to 52% over a 3-yr period. In the stand established in 1986, when common lambsquarters (27 m-2) was the dominant weed, these treatments increased cumulative yields 24 to 44%. Sethoxydim and fenoxaprop, tested alone, caused significant crop injury in both experiments.

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