Herbicide Treatments for No-Till Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., Establishment in Sod

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Hagood
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Control Equivalent

Field experiments were established to evaluate the effect of herbicide treatments on control of tall fescue before spring or fall no-till alfalfa planting and to determine the effect of fescue control on alfalfa seedling establishment, forage yield, and forage quality. No treatment provided significantly greater tall fescue control than the standard two applications of paraquat at 13- to 21-day intervals. Fescue control values with this treatment ranged from 86 to 99% over experiments and were associated with maximum values for alfalfa ground-cover and alfalfa yield percentage parameters, 52 to 83% and 64 to 96%, respectively. Glyphosate and SC-0224 at 2.2 kg/ha and greater generally gave tall fescue control equivalent to the paraquat treatment in both spring and fall seedings as did sethoxydim at 0.6 kg/ha in spring seedings. Applications of fluazifop or HOE-0661 did not result in satisfactory tall fescue control or alfalfa establishment. Adding nonionic surfactant to glyphosate or SC-0224 did not increase tall fescue control. There was a direct linear relationship between tall fescue control and both alfalfa seedling establishment and yield percentage.

Johnsongrass Control with DPX-V9360 and CGA-136872 in Corn (Zea mays) in Virginia

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Five field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia during 1988–89 to evaluate DPX-V9360 and CGA-136872 for postemergence control of johnsongrass in field corn grown under no-till and conventional conditions. DPX-V9360 at rates of 35 (except in no-till plots), 52, and 69 g ai ha-1applied to 8-leaf johnsongrass was 88 to 98% effective in 1988. CGA-136872 at 25, 49, and 99 g ha-1was 80% effective at the highest rate. Applications of these herbicides to 6-leaf johnsongrass resulted in 69% or less control. DPX-V9360 at 35, 52, and 69 g ha-1and CGA-136872 at 20 and 40 g ha-1applied to johnsongrass up to 48 cm in height provided 77 to 97% control at 7 WAT3in an excellent stand of conventionally planted corn during 1989. Crop yields were more than doubled with herbicide treatments relative to yields in control plots. At a second location where crop damage caused by other factors resulted in a weak stand, DPX-V9360 provided 61 to 96% control compared to 29 to 56% control with CGA-136872.

No-till alfalfa stand termination strategies: Alfalfa control and wheat and barley production

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship

Crop rotations involving perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) present the unique problem of terminating the alfalfa stand. Intensive tillage currently used to terminate alfalfa increases the risk of soil erosion and reduces many of the rotational benefits from alfalfa. Inadequate alfalfa termination results in severe competition to the following crop by surviving alfalfa plants. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba between 1991 and 1993 with the following objectives: 1) to investigate no-till vs. tillage management systems for successful alfalfa termination, 2) to compare fall vs. spring alfalfa termination, 3) to compare the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded into alfalfa residue, and 4) to determine the relationship between alfalfa escapes and grain yield. Fall termination produced higher grain yields than spring termination, however this advantage was only achieved with the better termination treatments capable of lowering alfalfa regrowth below a critical level. The best herbicide treatment tested here was glyphosate at 1.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Successful treatments would have to reduce residual alfalfa basal crown area (a measure of alfalfa regrowth potential) after cereal grain harvest to below 2%. Alfalfa escapes reduced yield of following wheat and barley crops similarly (P > 0.05). When alfalfa termination treatment method allowed some regrowth, in-crop herbicide treatments significantly reduced alfalfa basal crown area. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to terminate alfalfa with herbicides in the absence of tillage, however an overall cropping strategy, including adequate consideration of weeds present in alfalfa fields at time of termination, must be considered. Key words: Herbicides, competition, recropping, no-till, alfalfa regrowth, soil conservation, sustainable cropping

Productivity and sustainability of four grazed grass – alfalfa mixtures

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Holt ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Forage Yields

Forage grasses need to be evaluated in pasture trials in the Great Plains region of North America. The objective of this study was to compare four grass–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures for productivity and persistence when grazed during spring and summer. The grasses were Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus [Trin.] Pilger), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia [Host] Nevski), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm. syn. B. biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys junceus [Fisch.] Nevski), with grass rows seeded perpendicular to the alfalfa rows. Two sites, 4 km apart, were grazed with yearling beef cattle from 1987 to 1993. Forage yield differed among grass treatments in 4 of 5 years, but differences were inconsistent over time. Five-year mean forage yields and total livestock production were not significantly different among the four grasses. Mean annual forage yields ranged from 800 to 8170 kg ha−1 and were related to the amount of growing season (April–August) precipitation. Carrying capacity ranged from 35 steer grazing days per hectare in 1992 to 176 in 1991. Grasses in the mixtures did have a significant effect on the grass–alfalfa ratio and on ground cover. Alfalfa content was highest when grown with Altai wildrye and lowest when grown with Russian wildrye. Percentage of ground cover by the grass plus alfalfa increased from an average of 3.8% in 1987 to 16.1% at one site and 31.9% at the second site by 1993. Russian wildrye contained the least alfalfa and weeds after 7 yr. Intermediate wheatgrass and Altai wildrye did not compete with invading weeds at one site, or with alfalfa at the other, and should not be recommended for spring–summer pastures in semiarid regions. Meadow bromegrass maintained a balance of grass and alfalfa and further research should confirm its persistence in semiarid climates. Key words: Leymus angustus, Elytrigia intermedia, Bromus riparius, Psathyrostachys junceus, Medicago sativa, grazing with cattle

Weed Control and Yield are Equal in Conventional, Reduced-, and No-Tillage Soybean (Glycine max) After 11 Years

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control

Field experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1989 to determine the influence of conventional, reduced, and no-tillage systems and different herbicide combinations on weed species and population, weed control, and soybean injury, population, and yield. In no-till (NT) non-treated plots, there was an abrupt shift from horseweed as the dominant early spring emerging weed to gray goldenrod in 1985. Following its initial observation, gray goldenrod became the dominant species within 2 yr, with giant foxtail as the only other species observed in these plots. Giant foxtail was the dominant weed species from 1980 to 1989 in conventional till (CT) and reduced-till (RT) plots. There also was a shift in the frequency of occurrence and in density of several broadleaf weed species during the 11-yr study. Most herbicides provided excellent control of all weeds in all tillage systems, especially those that included POST herbicides. There was little difference between glyphosate and paraquat in controlling weeds present at the time of planting in NT. PRE herbicides caused 2 to 9% soybean injury with slightly greater injury occurring in CT and RT than in NT. The POST broadleaf herbicides did not significantly increase soybean injury. There were no differences in soybean population or yield among the herbicide treatments regardless of tillage. There also was no difference in soybean population or yield in NT compared with CT when averaged over all herbicide treatments.

Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Management in Cool-Season Turfgrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Cudney ◽  
Clyde L. Elmore ◽  
Victor A. Gibeault ◽  
John S. Reints
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Common bermudagrass is an invasive, perennial weed of cool-season turfgrass in California. Complete renovation of the infested area has been the only practical method of restoring desirable cool-season turfgrasses. In studies in southern and northern California, common bermudagrass was suppressed with sequential herbicide applications, allowing seedling establishment and regrowth of established cool-season turfgrass species. One application of fenoxaprop, triclopyr, or their combinations did not control common bermudagrass. Sequential applications of these herbicide treatments resulted in 99, 94, and 100% control of common bermudagrass, respectively, and resulted in establishment of seeded perennial ryegrass in Riverside, CA, over a 2-yr period. Similar results were obtained in the recovery of established tall fescue from a common bermudagrass/tall fescue turfgrass mixture in Willows, CA. Both fenoxaprop and triclopyr can reduce emergence and stunt seedling growth of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Greenhouse studies showed that stunting and stand loss of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings could be reduced by delaying applications from PRE to the two-leaf stage.

Comparison of six zero-till seed drill openers for establishment and persistence of sod-seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a cool-season perennial grass pasture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson ◽  
Nathan Gregg ◽  
Les Hill ◽  
H.A. (Bart) Lardner
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Zero-till seed drills are readily available for crop seeding in the prairie region of western Canada but have not been evaluated for sod-seeding in perennial forage. Sod-seeding a legume, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), into the existing perennial grass vegetation improves forage yield and quality for ruminant livestock grazing and production. Suppression of the existing vegetation with herbicide has been reported to increase alfalfa seedling establishment. We evaluated six commercially available zero-till seed drill openers by sod-seeding alfalfa into a crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] pasture with or without glyphosate suppression of the existing vegetation in Lanigan Saskatchewan. Alfalfa seedling establishment (52.2 vs. 21.9 seedlings m−1 ± 6.8), alfalfa composition (42.5% vs. 0.2% ± 8.6), and alfalfa yield (1105 kg·ha−1 vs. 12 kg·ha−1 ± 206) in 2011 were increased by the application of herbicide. Seed drill openers performed similarly for all three variables. Nine years later, in June 2020, there was greater alfalfa composition (13.3% vs. 0% ± 2.3) and forage yield (1325 vs. 957 kg·ha−1 ± 127) in the sod-seeded plots than in the unseeded controls but the alfalfa plant cover, alfalfa composition, alfalfa yield and forage yield were similar among seed drill openers. There was also no difference in these variables due to herbicide application nine years prior. Livestock producers can utilize currently available zero-till seeding equipment for sod-seeding alfalfa to rejuvenate grass pastures in the thin Black soil zone of western Canada with the expectation of persistence of alfalfa for nine years.

Impact of Herbicides and Application Timing on Weed Control, Yield, and Nutritive Value of Tall Fescue Pastures and Hayfields

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin K. Payne ◽  
Byron B. Sleugh ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Biomass Yields

Field experiments were conducted from 2007 through 2009 at four locations in Missouri to evaluate the effect of May and August herbicide applications on weed control, total biomass yield, and forage nutritive values. Experiments were conducted in established tall fescue pastures that contained natural infestations of common ragweed and tall ironweed. Treatments consisted of 2,4-D, metsulfuron, aminopyralid, 2,4-D + dicamba, 2,4-D + picloram, aminopyralid + 2,4-D, and 2,4-D + dicamba + metsulfuron. All herbicide treatments provided > 76% control of common ragweed 1 mo after treatment (MAT), except metsulfuron alone which provided ≤ 62% control. August applications provided greater reductions in common ragweed density than May applications the following spring. Few differences in tall ironweed density were observed, but metsulfuron-containing herbicides tended to provide the lowest reduction in tall ironweed stem density the following spring. Biomass yields were generally greater in nontreated compared to herbicide-treated plots. Crude protein (CP) concentration and relative feed value (RFV) were higher in nontreated compared with herbicide-treated biomass. Overall, the poorer nutritive values and lower biomass yields in the herbicide-treated compared with the nontreated biomass may be partially explained by the removal of common ragweed, tall ironweed, and legumes with the herbicide treatments. Pure samples of common ragweed and white clover were greater in nutritive values than pure samples of tall fescue at all June harvests. Results indicate that common ragweed offers nutritive values equivalent to or greater than tall fescue and white clover when harvested in June at the vegetative stage of growth and that the removal of common ragweed and tall ironweed with herbicide applications is not likely to improve forage nutritive values of the total harvested biomass of tall fescue pastures, at least by the season after treatment.

Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) Management with Imazethapyr

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Stougaard ◽  
Jack I. Stivers ◽  
Doug L. Holen
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Hoary Cress ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Currently, there are no effective herbicides registered for the control of hoary cress (Cardaria draba) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) or alfalfa/grass mixtures. Due to this lack of control options, field experiments were conducted near St. Ignatius, MT, from 1995 through 1997 to determine the optimum imazethapyr rate and adjuvant combination for hoary cress control in alfalfa/orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) pastures. Imazethapyr was applied in the spring to rosette stage hoary cress plants at 33, 67, and 100 g ai/ha with either a nonionic surfactant or methylated seed oil alone or combined with 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) liquid fertilizer. Hoary cress control was poorest when imazethapyr was applied at 33 g/ha, yet provided a minimum of 80% control. Imazethapyr applied at 67 and 100 g/ha provided greater than 90% control during the year of application regardless of surfactant or UAN additions. None of the treatments controlled hoary cress the year following application. Alfalfa yield was unaffected by imazethapyr applications. First-cutting orchardgrass yield decreased as imazethapyr rate increased, but total seasonal forage yield was unaffected.

Effect of Adjuvants on Weed Control and Soybean (Glycine max) Tolerance with AC 263,222

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established to observe the effects of adjuvants and time of application on weed control and ‘Terra-Vig 515’ soybean tolerance with POST applications of AC 263,222. A nonionic surfactant or a crop oil concentrate increased sicklepod control with AC 263,222 applied at either V2 or V6 soybean growth stages. Sicklepod control increased as AC 263,222 was increased from 35 to 70 g ai ha–1only when applied without an adjuvant. Late in the season, there was no difference in sicklepod control between V2 and V6 applications. Adjuvants and application timing within herbicide treatments had no effect on pitted morningglory control, and, though adjuvants increased common cocklebur control, all treatments controlled more than 85% of both species. AC 263,222 with adjuvants at all rates and timings injured and stunted soybean more 2 wk after treatment compared to AC 263,222 alone. AC 263,222 at 35 or 70 g ha–1with crop oil concentrate reduced yields more than AC 263,222, with either a surfactant or no adjuvant when applied to V2 soybeans.

Response of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) to Various Herbicides and Weed Control during Establishment

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Twain J. Butler ◽  
James P. Muir ◽  
Joyce Tredaway Ducar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coastal Bermudagrass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of application timings and various herbicides on newly established ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The experimental design was a split plot with three replications. Main plots consisted of three herbicide application timings of 1, 14, and 28 d after planting (DAP), and the subplots were 16 herbicide treatments. The hormone herbicides (picloram at 0.19 kg ae/ha + fluroxypyr at 0.19 kg ae/ha, picloram at 0.08 kg/ha + 2,4-D amine at 0.28 kg ae/ha, picloram at 0.15 kg/ha + 2,4-D amine at 0.56 kg/ha, 2,4-D amine at 2.2 kg/ha, 2,4-D amine at 1.2 kg/ha + dicamba at 0.42 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D ester at 2.3 kg ae/ha) applied 1 DAP controlled large crabgrass 55 to 85%, did not injure Coastal bermudagrass sprigs, and aided establishment resulting in 22 to 27% ground cover in 2001 and 25 to 42% ground cover in 2002. Imazapic at 0.02, 0.035, and 0.05 kg ai/ha applied 1 and 14 DAP injured Coastal bermudagrass 5 to 45% across years, yet these plots had 20 to 54% ground cover compared with only 3 to 7% ground cover in the nontreated area in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The reduced rate of glyphosate (0.21 kg ae/ha) injured Coastal bermudagrass less than 8% and controlled large crabgrass 86 to 90% when applied 14 DAP, resulting in 43, 25, and 18% ground cover in 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. Trifloxysulfuron at 0.02 kg ai/ha applied 1 and 14 DAP did not injure Coastal bermudagrass sprigs, controlled junglerice 90%, and resulted in 73 and 52% ground cover, respectively. Coastal bermudagrass establishment was greatly increased when weeds were controlled.

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