Tropic Croton (Croton glandulosus) Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The Common

Field studies in 1988 and 1989 evaluated POST herbicides alone and in tank-mixtures for tropic croton control in peanut. Acifluorfen + 2,4-DB, acifluorfen + bentazon, acifluorfen + bentazon + 2,4-DB controlled > 90% of tropic croton when applied at 2 or 4 wk after crop emergence. Paraquat + bentazon controlled 55% at 2 wk and 24% at 4 wk after crop emergence. Imazethapyr and imazethapyr + 2,4-DB controlled < 24% tropic croton at either 2 or 4 wk after crop emergence. Acifluorfen + 2,4-DB, acifluorfen + bentazon, and acifluorfen + bentazon + 2,4-DB controlled at least 90% of the common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and morningglory species. Greatest yields and net returns were obtained with acifluorfen + bentazon + 2,4-DB applied 2 wk after crop emergence. Yields were higher with acifluorfen + bentazon + 2,4-DB and imazethapyr applied at 2 wk after crop emergence than at 4 wk after crop emergence. All other herbicide treatments provided equivalent yields among application timings. Only acifluorfen + 2,4-DB provided equivalent net returns at either application timing. All other herbicide treatments provided lower net returns with applications made at 4 wk than at 2 wk after crop emergence.

Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn as Affected by Preemergence Herbicide and Timing of Postemergence Herbicide Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Parker ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Or Applications

Field studies were conducted at three locations during both 2002 and 2003 to evaluate weed control and response of glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn to glyphosate or nicosulfuron plus atrazine applied POST at three application timings with and without alachlor plus atrazine applied PRE. The POST herbicides were applied timely (5- to 9-cm weeds) or applications were delayed 1 or 2 wk. All treatments, except the weedy check, were followed by glyphosate postemergence-directed (PDIR) 4 wk after the timely POST application. Common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, and smooth pigweed were controlled at least 94% regardless of PRE or POST treatments. Large crabgrass and fall panicum were controlled at least 96% by glyphosate regardless of PRE herbicide or POST application timing. In contrast, control by nicosulfuron plus atrazine POST in the absence of PRE herbicide decreased as application was delayed. Sicklepod was controlled at least 94% when POST herbicides were applied timely, but control by both POST herbicide treatments decreased with delayed application regardless of PRE herbicide. Tall morningglory was controlled 93% or greater by POST herbicides applied timely. Control by both POST herbicide treatments decreased as application was delayed, with glyphosate being affected more by timing than nicosulfuron plus atrazine. Corn grain yield was similar with glyphosate and nicosulfuron plus atrazine. Yield was unaffected by POST application timing when PRE herbicides were included. Without PRE herbicide, grain yield decreased as POST herbicide application was delayed.

Timing of Chlorimuron and Imazaquin Application for Weed Control in No-Till Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boyd Carey ◽  
Michael S. Defelice
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of herbicide application timing on weed control in no-till soybean production. Row spacing generally had no effect on weed control. Herbicide treatments containing chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied as many as 45 days prior to planting in 1988 and 1989 controlled broadleaf weeds throughout the growing season. Imazaquin applied 45 and 30 days prior to planting provided poor control of common cocklebur in 1989. Giant foxtail control was inconsistent with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields subsequent to early preplant herbicide applications were greater than or equal to those in which applications were made at planting when late-season weed control was adequate. Herbicides applied preemergence did not control high densities of common lambsquarters in 1989.

Influence of Diclosulam Postemergence Application Timing on Weed Control and Peanut Tolerance

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Scott B. Clewis ◽  
Zachary G. Taylor ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Free Environment

Field studies were conducted at Lewiston–Woodville and Rocky Mount, NC in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate weed control and peanut response to POST treatments of diclosulam at various rates and application timings. Diclosulam controlled common ragweed and entireleaf morningglory when applied within 35 d after planting (DAP). Common ragweed 61 cm tall was controlled ≥92% with 4 to 13 g ai/ha diclosulam and larger common ragweed (107 to 137 cm tall) were controlled ≥97% with 27 g/ha diclosulam. Common lambsquarters was controlled 62% or less with all diclosulam POST treatments following metolachlor applied PRE, which provided 48% control. Peanut injury was less than 15% with all diclosulam POST treatments and was transitory. In separate studies, POST diclosulam treatments did not affect peanut yield in a weed-free environment. Peanut yield in weedy environments was reduced as the diclosulam application timing was delayed because of early season weed interference. A linear relationship was observed between yield and application timing with yield decreasing as application timing was delayed. This yield response documents the importance of early season weed management for maximizing peanut yield potential. Virginia peanut varieties were not affected by different POST rates of diclosulam; however, early season peanut injury showed a linear and quadratic relationship with diclosulam rate and was less than 14% at rates as high as 71 g/ha, and was not apparent by late season.

Lactofen Systems for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
Henry B. Hagwood
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns

Weed management systems using a chloroacetamide herbicide applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and at cracking (AC) plus lactofen applied AC and early postemergence (POST) controlled at least 98% of common lambsquarters. Similar systems using a chloroacetamide herbicide applied PPI and early POST plus lactofen applied early POST and postemergence (POST) controlled less than 70% of common lambsquarters. All sequential lactofen systems controlled common ragweed completely and at least 86% of morningglory species. Highest peanut yields and net returns were obtained with weed management systems consisting of sequential applications of lactofen applied AC and early POST, or systems that used acifluorfen plus bentazon POST, or lactofen plus bentazon applied early POST or POST.

Foliar Penetration and Phytotoxicity of Paraquat as Influenced by Peanut Cultivar1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
J. W. Wilcut ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
T. V. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Field studies were conducted over a three year period to examine the sensitivity of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Florunner, Sunrunner, Southern runner, and NC 7) to foliar applications of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion). Treatments included an untreated control and four herbicide treatments: paraquat applied alone at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha, or tank mixed with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] at 4.40 kg/ha. Weeds were hand-removed so that only herbicidal treatments were variables. Paraquat phytotoxicity did not differ between cultivars. No cultivar evaluated was abnormally sensitive nor tolerant to any paraquat-containing treatment. Laboratory studies utilizing radio labelled paraquat revealed that foliar absorption and translocation of paraquat did not vary between peanut cultivars. Yield differences were attributed to differences in yield potential between cultivars.

Application Timing for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Dicamba Tank Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Optimal application timing for dicamba–acetamide tank mixes was examined in field studies conducted in Michigan and Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995. Dicamba was tank mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, or SAN 582H and applied at planting, 7 d after planting, and 14 d after planting. Additional dicamba plus alachlor tank mixes applied at all three timings were followed by nicosulfuron postemergence to determine the effects of noncontrolled grass weeds on corn yield. Delaying application of dicamba–acetamide tank mixes until 14 d after planting often resulted in lower and less consistent giant foxtail control compared with applications at planting or 7 d after planting. Corn grain yield was reduced at one site where giant foxtail control was lower when application was delayed until 14 d after planting. Common lambsquarters control was excellent with 7 or 14 d after planting applications. At one site, common lambsquarters control and corn yield was reduced by application at planting. Dicamba–alachlor tank mixes applied 7 d after planting provided similar weed control or corn yield, while at planting and 14 d after planting applications provided less consistent weed control or corn yield than a sequential alachlor plus dicamba treatment or an atrazine-based program.

Postemergence Weed Management Systems for Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
T. Vint Hicks ◽  
Tracy A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Pitted Morningglory

Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1987 to evaluate postemergence herbicide systems with preemergence systems to control Texas panicum, Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory in peanuts. Adding paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha to postemergence herbicide systems reduced fresh weight of Florida beggarweed 92% (18% increase over the same systems without paraquat), sicklepod 95% (21% increase), and pitted morningglory 95% (11% increase). Herbicide systems containing paraquat improved peanut yields by 230 kg/ha and net returns by $52/ha over herbicide systems not containing paraquat. Fluazifop-P and sethoxydim systems reduced Texas panicum fresh weight (at least 96%) more than a preemergence system (92% reduction) that used benefin applied preplant incorporated and alachlor plus naptalam and dinoseb applied at cracking (GC) or a postemergence system that used alachlor and naptalam plus dinoseb GC and paraquat applied early postemergence (86% reduction). Systems containing fluazifop-P provided greater yields (4190 kg/ha) and net returns ($383/ha) than systems containing sethoxydim (4010 kg/ha, $305/ha) when averaged across all rates of application.

Postemergence AC 263,222 Systems for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Gerald L. Wiley ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies in 1990 and 1991 at six locations in Georgia and one location in North Carolina evaluated AC 263,222 for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. AC 263,222 applied early postemergence at 71 g ai ha−1controlled bristly starbur, coffee senna, common lambsquarters,Ipomoeaspecies, prickly sida, sicklepod, smallflower morningglory, and yellow nutsedge at least 91%. AC 263,222 controlled common cocklebur 77% and Florida beggarweed from 47 to 100%. Crop injury was 4% for AC 263,222 applied once and 12% or less from two applications. Mixtures of bentazon with AC 263,222 did not improve control compared to AC 263,222 alone. Imazethapyr did not improve control of AC 263,222 systems. In several locations, bentazon reduced control of Florida beggarweed with AC 263,222 when applied in a mixture compared to AC 263,222 alone. Weed control from the standard of paraquat plus bentazon applied early postemergence followed by paraquat, bentazon plus 2,4-DB applied POST did not provide the level or spectrum of weed control as AC 263,222 systems.

Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Response to Acifluorfen

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Snap Beans

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr to determine the foliar activity of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} for control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Provider’ in 1983 and 1985 and ‘Green Crop’ in 1984). Control of 1 to 7 cm tall common lambsquarters varied between 75 and 100% with 0.28 kg ai/ha acifluorfen and frequently increased linearly with increases in acifluorfen rates to 0.84 kg/ha. Snap bean injury occurred each year and in 1985 was influenced by acifluorfen rate, stage of snap bean growth, and surfactant. Snap bean yields in 1983 were reduced linearly with increases in acifluorfen rates and in 1985 were reduced more from applications at the 1- to 2-trifoliolate leaf stage than at the 4- to 8-trifoliolate leaf stage. In the greenhouse, reductions in snap bean height from acifluorfen were related to application timing, surfactant and cultivar. Fresh weight reduction of snap beans was highest with the cultivar ‘Green Crop’ but was increased to both cultivars by early application timing and the addition of surfactant to the spray mix.

Influence of Herbicides and Timing of Application on Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate application timing of seven postemergence (POST) broadleaf herbicides alone and in mixtures for control of eclipta and pitted morningglory. Imazethapyr and 2,4-DB did not control eclipta while AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) at 0.07 kg/ha provided greater than 90% control in 2 of 3 yr. EPOST applications of bentazon, acifluorfen + bentazon, and pyridate controlled eclipta at least 92% all 3 yr. Lactofen applied EPOST at 0.28 kg/ha provided similar levels of eclipta control in 2 of 3 yr. Imazethapyr controlled pitted morningglory > 70% when applied EPOST. AC 263,222 controlled pitted morningglory a minimum of 83% when applied EPOST at 0.04 or 0.07 kg/ha. Pitted morningglory control was at least 85% with 2,4-DB applied alone or in a mixture with AC 263,222, acifluorfen, imazethapyr, lactofen, or pyridate. Effective weed control increased peanut yields up to 98% over the untreated check.

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