Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Tolerance to Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Ellery L. Knake
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Rotational Crop

Tolerances of soybean and rotational crops wheat and corn to chlorimuron (0.02 to 0.14 kg ai ha–1), clomazone (0.56 to 3.36 kg ha–1), imazaquin (0.07 to 0.42 kg ha–1) and imazethapyr (0.05 to 0.31 kg ha–1) were evaluated in field studies. No visible soybean injury was observed. No reduction in soybean population, height, or yield occurred from the use of these herbicides, in 1986 or 1987. Differences in wheat yields among treatments were not significant in 1987 or 1988. Corn population, number of ears, ear weight, or yield were not different.

Soybean (Glycine max) and Rotational Crop Response to PPI Chlorimuron, Clomazone, Imazaquin, and Imazethapyr

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
George Kapusta ◽  
Joseph L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Rotational Crop

Field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to evaluate soybean and rotational crop tolerance to PPI applications of chlorimuron (23 to 140 g ai/ha), clomazone (560 to 3360 g/ha), imazaquin (70 to 420 g/ha), and imazethapyr (53 to 310 g/ha). Soybean injury was evident only in 1989. Soybean height reduction 45 d after application increased linearly with increasing rates of chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. Chlorimuron at 140 g/ha and imazaquin at 420 g/ha reduced soybean height 120 d after planting. None of the herbicides influenced soybean density. Chlorimuron and imazaquin reduced soybean seed yield linearly as rates increased. None of the herbicides reduced subsequent wheat yield. Corn height reduction increased as the rate of imazaquin and imazethapyr increased. Imazethapyr and imazaquin caused 2 to 40% and 1 to 12% height reduction at 30 d after planting, respectively. Imazethapyr at 310 g/ha applied the previous year reduced corn height at 120 d after planting. There were no differences in corn density. Imazaquin and imazethapyr at 420 and 310 g/ha, respectively, applied the previous year reduced corn yield.

Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays) in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Deen ◽  
Allan Hamill ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Volunteer Corn

Volunteer corn in soybean can reduce yields, interfere with harvest, and cause unacceptable levels of contamination by its presence in the harvested soybean. In Ontario, soybean frequently follow corn in rotation. The use of glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean varieties has increased dramatically in Ontario. Field studies were conducted at two locations in southwestern Ontario to determine whether quizalofop-p-ethyl, clethodim, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl can be tank mixed with glyphosate to provide effective control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant corn in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Soybean plots were overseeded with glyphosate-resistant corn and treatments consisting of glyphosate applied alone and tank mixed with full and reduced rates of each graminicide with and without a recommended surfactant. Tank mixing the graminicides and adjuvants with glyphosate did not affect glyphosate weed control or crop tolerance. Use of a recommended adjuvant significantly improved the effectiveness of the graminicides, particularly when reduced rates were applied. Quizalofop-p-ethyl was the most effective graminicide for controlling glyphosate-resistant volunteer corn, followed by clethodim and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.

Weed Control with Reduced Rates of Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin and Imazethapyr in No-Till Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to combinations of glyphosate, metolachlor, 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied prior to planting (PP), and 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of imazethapyr applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail densities were reduced with sequential PP followed by (fb) EPOST or POST treatments. Large crabgrass was reduced equivalently with all herbicide combinations involving chlorimuron plus metribuzin PP fb imazethapyr. Common cocklebur control was variable but was usually greater with treatments that included imazethapyr. Ivyleaf morningglory densities were not reduced with any herbicide combinations. Sequential PP fb EPOST or POST treatments tended to provide slightly better weed suppression than PP-only treatments, but the difference was rarely significant. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 X rates were usually equal to 1 X rates.

Use of Seedling Growth Parameters to Classify Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfentrazone

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
H. Gary Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Length Reduction

Hypocotyl and root length reduction of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings when seeds were exposed to sulfentrazone during germination were used as indices to classify cultivar response to soil-applied sulfentrazone. Seeds of ‘Stonewall’ (sulfentrazone tolerant) and ‘Asgrow 6785’ (sulfentrazone sensitive) were imbibed and allowed to germinate in 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 ppm aqueous sulfentrazone solutions for 4 d. Hypocotyl and root lengths were reduced in both cultivars, but the reductions were greater for Asgrow 6785 than for Stonewall. Subsequently, the relative sensitivity of 28 cultivars to sulfentrazone was independently determined by two variations of the hypocotyl reduction method (both conducted in the laboratory) and by traditional full-season field evaluation. Results from laboratory and field studies were in agreement for cultivars distinctly sensitive or tolerant to sulfentrazone. However, cultivars with intermediate tolerance in laboratory studies produced variable responses in the field.

Itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) Response to Control Practices in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Nester ◽  
Thomas R. Harger ◽  
James P. Geaghan
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Weight Number

Field studies were conducted to document the response of itchgrass [Rottboellia exaltata(L.) L.f. ♯3ROOEX] in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’] to selected herbicides and postplanting cultivation. Early cultivation stimulated emergence of itchgrass seedlings; however, when plots were cultivated two or three times, itchgrass was effectively removed from the tilled area. Cultivation had no effect on the density, height, standing biomass, or seed production of itchgrass plants in the soybean row but did increase soybean yield. In response to a density reduction of 90%, the average weight, number of tillers and branches, and seed production of single itchgrass plants increased by a factor of 2.9, 3.1, 2.3 and 2.6, respectively, in trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine)-treated plots. Individual plants did not increase growth following density reduction by a postemergence application of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Itchgrass plants competing for the entire season in plots treated with trifluralin reduced soybean yield approximately 21 g per weed, while itchgrass recovering from diclofop treatment and competing the remainder of the season reduced yield approximately 5 g per weed.

Reactions of Several Crops to Dichlobenil

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Tolerance of corn (Zea maysL. ‘B’), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘coker 413’), soybean (Glycine maxMerr. ‘Hardee’), turnip (Brassica rapaL. ‘Tendergreen’), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Georgia 615’), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL.), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) at 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha in four Georgia soils was determined. Equivalent rates of dichlobenil generally were more toxic in Davidson clay loam which had the highest clay content. Crop tolerance was corn > sorghum > cotton > turnip. Purple and yellow nutsedge tolerance to dichlobenil was intermediate to that of the crops tested. Johnsongrass response was equivalent to that shown by sorghum.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to Thifensulfuron and Bentazon Combinations

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
Gordon K. Roskamp
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Yield

Field studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at three locations in Illinois to determine soybean response to combinations of thifensulfuron and bentazon. Thifensulfuron was applied at 2.2 to 8.8 g ai/ha alone or in combination with 280 to 560 g/ha of bentazon. Soybean injury 30 d after treatment ranged from 0 to 22% when thifensulfuron was applied alone at 2.2 g/ha. Increasing thifensulfuron rate to 8.8 g/ha increased soybean injury to a range of 12 to 44%. Soybean grain yield was significantly reduced compared to the yield of untreated soybean when thifensulfuron was applied at 4.4 and 8.8 g/ha in two of five and four of five experiments, respectively. The addition of bentazon to thifensulfuron consistently reduced soybean injury and stunting. In many cases, increasing the bentazon rate to 420 g/ha decreased soybean injury from thifensulfuron to a greater extent than 280 g/ha. In cases where thifensulfuron decreased soybean yield, the addition of 420 or 560 g/ha of bentazon restored yields to levels that were not lower than untreated soybeans. These studies demonstrate that thifensulfuron at 2.2 to 8.8 g/ha in combination with bentazon at 420 g/ha may be safely applied to soybean for broadleaf weed control.

Influence of Shading by Soybeans (Glycine max) on Weed Suppression

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Murphy ◽  
B. J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field studies were conducted at Florence and Clemson, South Carolina to measure the influence of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planting dates on the length of early-season weed control needed to prevent yield reductions, the rate of shade development, and suppression of annual weeds by soybeans. The rate of shade development was similar for both planting dates during the 9- to 11-week period after planting for Florence and Clemson, respectively. The period of weed-free maintenance required to prevent soybean yield reductions was not affected by planting dates. With cultivation between rows, early- and late-planted soybeans required 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance to achieve maximum yields. Lower weed weights resulted from late than early soybean plantings. At Clemson, 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for early and late plantings reduced weed weights 97 and 91%, respectively. Weed weights at Florence were reduced 85% with 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for the late plantings, whereas 5 weeks were required to reduce weed weights 88% for early plantings.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

Metribuzin and Chlorimuron Mixtures for Preemergence Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybeans,Glycine max

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome M. Green ◽  
Timothy T. Obrigawitch ◽  
James D. Long ◽  
James M. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Additive Action ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida

Metribuzin and the ethyl ester of chlorimuron were evaluated alone and in combination for preemergence broadleaf weed control in soybeans. Neither herbicide alone controlled all broadleaf weeds tested, but combinations showed both complementary and additive action. Two field studies quantified these interactions on broadleaf weeds and showed that low rates of either herbicide alone controlled Pennsylvania smartweed and redroot pigweed. Metribuzin was more effective than chlorimuron in controlling prickly sida and hemp sesbania, while chlorimuron was more effective on common cocklebur, sicklepod, and ivyleaf and pitted morningglories. Additive action was most important on velvetleaf, sicklepod, annual morningglories, and hemp sesbania. Because the components were both additive and complementary, a range of mixture rates and ratios were more effective for weed control than either herbicide alone.

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