Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Devil's-claw (Proboscidea louisianica) Control in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with Pyrithiobac

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
C. Gary Henniger ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Devil’S Claw

Field experiments conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993 evaluated Palmer amaranth and devil's-claw control and cotton injury with pyrithiobac applied PPI, PRE, or POST. Pyrithiobac at 36 or 71 g ae/ha applied PPI, PRE, or POST did not injure cotton. Pyrithiobac at 140 g/ha applied PPI or PRE injured cotton 9 to 11% 6 wk after treatment. Cotton recovered and no injury was observed 12 wk after treatment. Pyrithiobac applied PPI and PRE at 71 g/ha controlled Palmer amaranth at least 97% 6 wk after treatment. Palmer amaranth control with pyrithiobac applied POST was more variable and influenced by environmental conditions. Palmer amaranth control with 71 g/ha of pyrithiobac exceeded that with 36 g/ha. Devil's-claw control with pyrithiobac was better with POST applications than PPI or PRE applications. Pyrithiobac applied POST at 140 g/ha controlled devil's-claw 83–97%. These studies indicate that pyrithiobac can effectively control Palmer amaranth and devil's-claw in cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains when applied at appropriate rates and timings.

Response of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to Repeated Applications of Dinitroaniline Herbicides

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Dinitroaniline herbicides have been used on the Texas Southern High Plains since the mid-1960s. Over this same period, cotton yields in this region have declined in spite of improved varieties and technology. Repeated applications of trifluralin and pendimethalin, each applied at 1x and 2x rates, were incorporated in 1983 through 1988. Variations in cotton stands, yields, and fiber quality were high due to environmental conditions. After six repeated applications, no reductions in cotton growth or yield were observed, even at the highest rates.

Effects of Repeated Applications of Trifluralin and Pendimethalin on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The dinitroaniline herbicides, trifluralin and pendimethalin, are applied to approximately 90% of land seeded to cotton on the Texas Southern High Plains. Trifluralin and pendimethalin at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai/ha were applied annually to plots from 1983 through 1994. Cotton stand counts, lint yield, and fiber quality varied from year-to-year due to environmental conditions. Differences in lint yield or fiber quality over the 11-yr period were not related to herbicide applications.

Management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in 2,4-D–, glufosinate-, and glyphosate-resistant soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chandrima Shyam ◽  
Parminder S. Chahal ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a problematic, annual broadleaf weed in soybean production fields in Nebraska and many other states in the United States. Soybean resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate (Enlist E3TM) has been developed and was first grown commercially in 2019. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of herbicide programs applied PRE, PRE followed by (fb) late-POST (LPOST), and early-POST (EPOST) fb LPOST on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, and biomass reduction, soybean injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted near Carleton, NE, in 2018, and 2019 in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean. Sulfentrazone + cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr + saflufenacil + pyroxasulfone, and chlorimuron ethyl + flumioxazin + metribuzin applied PRE provided 84% to 97% control of GR Palmer amaranth compared with the nontreated control 14 d after PRE. Averaged across herbicide programs, PRE fb 2,4-D and/or glufosinate, and sequential application of 2,4-D or glufosinate applied EPOST fb LPOST resulted in 92% and 88% control of GR Palmer amaranth, respectively, compared with 62% control with PRE-only programs 14 d after LPOST. Reductions in Palmer amaranth biomass followed the same trend; however, Palmer amaranth density was reduced 98% in EPOST fb LPOST programs compared with 91% reduction in PRE fb LPOST and 76% reduction in PRE-only programs. PRE fb LPOST and EPOST fb LPOST programs resulted in an average soybean yield of 4,478 and 4,706 kg ha−1, respectively, compared with 3,043 kg ha−1 in PRE-only programs. Herbicide programs evaluated in this study resulted in no soybean injury. The results of this research illustrate that herbicide programs are available for the management of GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean.

Controlling Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton with Resistance to Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and Glufosinate

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand M. Merchant ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper ◽  
Peter M. Eure ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
L. Bo Braxton
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Consistent Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Systems

Field experiments were conducted in Macon County, Georgia, during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of new herbicide-resistant cotton and respective herbicide systems on the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Sequential POST applications of 2,4-D or glufosinate followed by diuron plus MSMA directed at layby (late POST-directed) controlled Palmer amaranth 62 to 79% and 46 to 49% at harvest when the initial application was made to 8- or 18–cm-tall Palmer amaranth, in separate trials, respectively. Mixtures of glufosinate plus 2,4-D applied sequentially followed by the layby controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 97% regardless of Palmer amaranth height. Mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D improved control beyond that observed with 2,4-D alone, but control was still only 79 to 86% at harvest depending on 2,4-D rate. Sequential applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 96% following the use of either pendimethalin or fomesafen. Seed cotton yield was at least 30% higher with 2,4-D plus glufosinate systems compared to systems with either herbicide alone. The addition of pendimethalin and/or fomesafen PRE did not improve Palmer amaranth control or yields when glufosinate plus 2,4-D were applied sequentially followed by the layby. The addition of these residual herbicides improved at harvest control (87 to 96%) when followed by sequential applications of 2,4-D or 2,4-D plus glyphosate; yields from these systems were similar to those with glufosinate plus 2,4-D. Comparison of 2,4-D and 2,4-DB treatments confirmed that 2,4-D is a more effective option for the control of Palmer amaranth. Results from these experiments suggest cotton with resistance to glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D will improve Palmer amaranth management. At-plant residual herbicides should be recommended for consistent performance of all 2,4-D systems across environments, although cotton with resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D will allow greater flexibility in selecting PRE herbicide(s), which should reduce input costs, carryover concerns, and crop injury when compared to current systems.

Evaluation of Herbicide Programs for Use in a 2,4-D–Resistant Soybean Technology for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
High Level ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Two separate field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period in Fayetteville, AR, during 2012 and 2013 to (1) evaluate POST herbicide programs utilizing a premixture of dimethylamine (DMA) salt of glyphosate + choline salt of 2,4-D in a soybean line resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate and (2) determine efficacy of herbicide programs that begin with PRE residual herbicides followed by POST applications of 2,4-D choline + glyphosate DMA on glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. In the first experiment, POST applications alone that incorporated the use of residual herbicides with the glyphosate + 2,4-D premixture provided 93 to 99% control of Palmer amaranth at the end of the season. In the second experiment, the use of flumioxazin, flumioxazin + chlorimuron methyl, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, or sulfentrazone + chloransulam applied PRE provided 94 to 98% early-season Palmer amaranth control. Early-season control helped maintain a high level of Palmer amaranth control throughout the growing season, in turn resulting in fewer reproductive Palmer amaranth plants present at soybean harvest compared to most other treatments. Although no differences in soybean yield were observed among treated plots, it was evident that herbicide programs should begin with PRE residual herbicides followed by POST applications of glyphosate + 2,4-D mixed with residual herbicides to minimize late-season escapes and reduce the likelihood of contributions to the soil seedbank. Dependent upon management decisions, the best stewardship of this technology will likely rely on the use multiple effective mechanisms of action incorporated into a fully integrated weed management system.

scholarly journals Late-season surveys to document seed rain potential of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in Texas cotton

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa M. Werner ◽  
Debalin Sarangi ◽  
Scott A. Nolte ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Rain ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Species Persistence ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Cotton Fields

AbstractDespite the best weed control efforts, weed escapes are often present in large production fields prior to harvest, contributing to seed rain and species persistence. Late-season surveys were conducted in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas in 2016 and 2017 to identify common weed species present as escapes and estimate seed rain potential of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and waterhemp [A. tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer], two troublesome weed species with high fecundity. A total of 400 cotton fields across four major cotton-producing regions in Texas [High Plains (HP), Gulf Coast (GC), Central Texas, and Blacklands] were surveyed. Results have revealed that A. palmeri, Texas millet [Urochloa texana (Buckley) R. Webster], A. tuberculatus, ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] were the top five weed escapes present in cotton fields. Amaranthus palmeri was the most prevalent weed in the HP and Lower GC regions, whereas A. tuberculatus escapes were predominantly observed in the Upper GC and Blacklands regions. On average, 9.4% of an individual field was infested with A. palmeri escapes in the Lower GC region; however, it ranged between 5.1 and 8.1% in the HP region. Average A. palmeri density ranged from 405 (Central Texas) to 3,543 plants ha−1 (Lower GC). The greatest seed rain potential by A. palmeri escapes was observed in the upper HP region (13.9 million seeds ha−1), whereas the seed rain potential of A. tuberculatus escapes was the greatest in the Blacklands (12.9 million seeds ha−1) and the upper GC regions (9.8 million seeds ha−1). Results indicated that seed rain from late-season A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus escapes are significant in Texas cotton, and effective management of these escapes is imperative for minimizing seedbank inputs and impacting species persistence.

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