Olive (Olea europea) Jift Suppresses Broomrape (Orobanchespp.) Infections in Faba Bean (Vicia faba), Pea (Pisum sativum), and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Z. Ghosheh ◽  
Khalid M. Hameed ◽  
Munir A. Turk ◽  
Abbas F. Al-Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Inoculation Density ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Mixed Soils

Olive jift is a solid by-product of olive (Olea europea) oil processing. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate olive jift effect on broomrape (Orobanchespp.) infections on three crops. Soil—jift mixtures were used as potting medium in ratios of 1:0, 1:1, and 3:1 soil to jift. Broomrape seeds were evenly incorporated in the potting media at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 seeds/kg. Pots planted with faba bean or pea were inoculated with seeds ofO. crenataForsk., whereas pots planted with tomato were inoculated with seeds ofO. lavandulaceaReichenb. Jift in soil reduced broomrape germination and infection on all three hosts regardless of inoculation densities. Pea was not infected with broomrape in jift-containing media at any inoculation density, whereas only sporadic broomrape infections were observed in faba bean and tomato grown in jift-mixed soils. Fresh and dry weights of all crops were not adversely affected by mixing jift with soil. These results suggest a possible use of jift as an inexpensive organic material for broomrape control.

Leaching of Oxyfluorfen in Container Media

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz ◽  
Clyde L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Bentgrass was used to bioassay oxyfluorfen in leaching experiments done in columns of soilless potting media and soils, with herbicide incorporated into the upper 2 to 4 cm. Depth of herbicide leaching increased in order in the following soils: peat and sand (1:1) mix, Stockton clay soil, Yolo fine sandy loam soil, and redwood bark and sand (3:1) mix. Depth of leaching was not related to soil organic matter content. Equilibration experiments showed that peat adsorbed 4 to 5 times more oxyfluorfen than redwood bark. Less leaching was observed in potting mixtures containing peat than bark. Raising the oxyfluorfen dose from 20 to 200 ppmw increased the depth of leaching and concentration of herbicide in the leachate, while a 10-fold increase in water volume had only a limited effect. Twenty ppmw of oxyfluorfen incorporated in the top of a peat-containing potting medium has a low risk of leaching out of the container.

scholarly journals Root and Stem Infection of Rhododendron from Potting Medium Infested with Phytophthora ramorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Parke ◽  
C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Hair Roots ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Transmit Disease

Phytophthora ramorum has been detected in soil and potting media, but the potential for root infections is not fully understood. To determine whether the root system could become infected and transmit disease, rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ plants grown from rooted cuttings and native Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum) plants grown from seed were transplanted into a potting medium artificially infested with P. ramorum. Inoculum consisted of V8-brothvermiculite cultures of P. ramorum, chopped infected leaves, or zoospores. Plants were watered from the bottom to prevent splash dispersal of inoculum onto stems and foliage. Both infested amendments and applications of zoospores resulted in plant mortality within 3 to 7 weeks. P. ramorum was isolated from hair roots, large roots, and stems above and below the potting medium surface. Noninoculated control plants remained healthy and did not yield P. ramorum. Epifluorescence microscopy of tissue culture plantlets inoculated in vitro revealed attraction of zoospores to wounds and root primordia, and colonization of the cortex and vascular tissues of roots and stems, including the xylem. Transmission of P. ramorum from infested potting media to stems via infected, symptomless root tissue demonstrates the need to monitor potting media for presence of the pathogen to prevent spread of P. ramorum on nursery stock.

Iron-phosphorus interactions in the nutrition of seedling macadamia in organic potting media

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Handreck
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Shoot Quality

Macadamia integrifolia cv. Keauhou seedlings were grown in an organic potting medium based on ground pine bark and peat and of pH 5.9. Interactive effects of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) on shoot growth and quality were studied by amending the medium with single superphosphate to provide 0-240 mg P/L, and either FeSO4.7H2O at 0-3 g/L or FeEDDHA at 0.1-0.4 g/L. Shoots of all seedlings, except those at the highest levels of ferrous sulfate with low P addition, were chlorotic, with symptoms typical of Fe deficiency. Shoot quality, as judged by degree of chlorosis, was correlated with Fe concentrations in unbuffered DTPA (1:1.5 by volume) and double acid (DA) (1:5 by volume) extracts of the media (r2 = 0.683 and 0.688), poorly correlated with P concentrations in these extracts (r2 = 0.284 and 0.289), and highly correlated with concentrations of both Fe and P in the regression equation (r2 = 0.845 and 0.865). Shoot quality was not as well correlated with Fe and P in ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extracts. Optimum shoot quality was achieved in media (pH 5.9) whose DTPA, DA and NH4OAc extracts contained 2-9, 1.54 and 2-4 mg P/L and at least 60, 15 and 0.43 mg Fe/L, respectively. Leaf chlorosis did not occur if the Fe : P ratios of the extracts were >4.5, >1.7 and >0.02, respectively.

scholarly journals Eradication of Phytophthora ramorum and Other Pathogens from Potting Medium or Soil by Treatment with Aerated Steam or Fumigation with Metam Sodium

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Infected Plant ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Phytophthora ramorum survived in potting media infested with sporangia or chlamydospores, allowing the pathogen to remain undetected while disseminated geographically. Chlamydospores or oospores of P. ramorum, Pythium irregulare, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Cylindrocladium scoparium produced in vermiculite culture were used to infest potting media. Infested media in plastic plug flats were treated with aerated steam mixtures from 45 to 70 °C for 30 min. In a second experiment, infested media were fumigated in polyethylene bags with a concentration series of metam sodium ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mL·L−1. Survival of the pathogens was determined by selective baiting or direct plating the infested media on PARP selective medium. Assays indicated that all pathogens in the infested potting media were killed by aerated steam heat treatments of 50 °C or higher. Metam sodium concentrations of 1.0 mL·L−1 of medium or greater also eradicated all pathogens from the potting medium and soil. These results show that aerated steam treatment or fumigation with metam sodium can effectively sanitize soil-less potting media infested with P. ramorum or other soilborne pathogens, as well as P. ramorum-infested soil beneath infected plant containers. In addition, steam treatments to 70 °C did not melt plastic plug trays.

A note on the etymology and lexicology relating to traditional European pulses in the Celtic languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mikić
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Analyses

AbstractThe Celts are commonly regarded as one of the Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups, speaking Celtic languages derived from Proto-Celtic. Numerous archaeobotanical, palaeogenetic and historical linguistic analyses demonstrate that the most ancient European pulse crops, such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), lentil (Lens culinaris), lupins (Lupinus spp.), pea (Pisum sativum), vetches (Vicia spp.) and faba bean (Vicia faba), were widely used in everyday life as early as sixth millennium BC. The Latin word denoting ‘pea’, pisum, was borrowed by both Brythonic and Goidelic languages, spoken during the first centuries AD in Britain and Ireland, and produced the words denoting ‘pea’ in their modern members. The ultimate origin of the words denoting ‘faba bean’ in all living and attested Celtic languages is the Proto-Indo-European root *bhabh-, denoting the same crop, literally meaning something swollen and imported from both the Latin faba and the Old Norse baun. The majority of the words denoting ‘grain’ in the Celtic languages are descendants of the Proto-Celtic root *grāno, denoting ‘grain’ and originating from the Proto-Indo-European *g'er[a]n-, *grān-, denoting ‘grain’ and ‘corn’.

scholarly journals Raw Pea (Pisum sativum), raw Faba bean (Vicia fabavar.minor) and raw Lupin (Lupinus albusvar. multitalia) as alternative protein sources in broiler diets

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Moschini ◽  
Francesco Masoero ◽  
Aldo Prandini ◽  
Giorgio Fusconi ◽  
Mauro Morlacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein
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