scholarly journals Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and distribution of capsular types of pneumococci in Denmark, 1989–94

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Nielsen ◽  
J. Henrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Capsular Typing

SummaryDuring the period 1989–94, 4620 strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniae(4063 from blood and 557 from cerebrospinal fluid), from cases of invasive disease in Denmark, were received for capsular typing and penicillin susceptibility testing. During the study period the incidence of bacteraemic pneumococcal disease increased from 10 to 18 cases per 100000 inhabitants per year. The highest rates were seen in the very young, age less than 5 years (23/100000/year, in 1994), and in the elderly, age greater than 60 years (55/100000/year, in 1994). The annual number of cases of meningitis did not vary.Overall, 92% (93% blood, 87% CSF) of isolates and 94% of all childhood isolates belonged to the 23 vaccine types. The capsular types occurring most commonly among the 4123 pneumococcal strains from adults were types 1, 4, 14, 6A+6B, 7F, 9V, 3, 12F, and 8 (in order of frequency). The ten most frequently occurring types from children (6A+6B, 18C, 14, 1, 7F, 19F, 9V, 4, and 23F) covered 84% of the cases of bacteraemia and meningitis. Reduced susceptibility to penicillin was rare (< 1%).

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1988–99

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. KYAW ◽  
S. CLARKE ◽  
I. G. JONES ◽  
H. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pneumococcal Bacteraemia ◽  
Using Data

A review of the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland was carried out using data from laboratory-based systems during the period 1988–99. This comprised 5456 (90·8%) isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, 467 (7·8%) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 84 (1·4%) from other sterile sites. The mean annual incidence of invasive disease was 9·8/105 population (9·0/105 for bacteraemia and 0·8/105 for meningitis). Invasive disease was highest in children <2 years of age and in the elderly [ges ]65 years (44·9/105 and 28·4/105 population in these age groups respectively). The highest incidence of pneumococcal meningitis, 11·8/105 persons occurred in children <2 years of age. Males had a higher incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia and meningitis than females (male[ratio ]female = 1·2[ratio ]1 for bacteraemia (RR = 1·17, 95% CI 1·11, 1·24) and 1·5[ratio ]1 for meningitis (RR = 1·41, 95% CI 1·18, 1·70)). Pneumococcal disease was highest in winter periods and coincided with influenza activity. The proportion of penicillin and erythromycin non-susceptible isolates increased from 4·2% in 1992 to 12·6% in 1999 and from 5·6% in 1994 to 16·3% in 1999 respectively. Our data confirm the substantial and increasing disease burden from pneumococcal disease and rise in prevalence of antibiotic non-susceptibility among pneumococci in Scotland. Continued surveillance of groups at increased risk for pneumococcal disease and the antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of isolates are important to develop appropriate policies for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in Scotland.

scholarly journals Clonal Spread of mef-Positive Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Causing Invasive Disease in Adults in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1830-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van der Linden ◽  
Adnan Al-Lahham ◽  
Stefan Haupts ◽  
Ralf René Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Isolates (3,845) obtained from German adults with invasive pneumococcal disease between 1992 and 2004 were investigated. Of these, 430 isolates (11.2%) were erythromycin A nonsusceptible. Macrolide resistance genotypes and multilocus sequence types were determined. Among the isolates, 35.6% were erm(B) positive and 63.5% were mef positive. Over the study period, the frequency of resistance rose significantly from 2.2 to 17.0% (P < 0.001). A serotype 14, sequence type 9 clone was the most widespread.

scholarly journals Gram-Positive Diplococci in a Cerebrospinal Fluid Gram Stain

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Collins ◽  
Lars F. Westblade ◽  
Evan J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Clear Area

Abstract A 5-month-old girl presented with meningitis after receiving amoxicillin for bilateral otitis media. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain suggested Streptococcus pneumoniae: Gram-positive diplococci with a surrounding clear area indicative of a bacterial capsule. Her CSF and blood cultures grew penicillin-resistant S pneumoniae serotype 35B. This serotype is not included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) and has been identified as a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in the post-PCV-13 era.

scholarly journals Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Three Years after PCV13 Introduction in the National Immunization Plan—The Continued Importance of Serotype 3

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva-Costa ◽  
Joana Gomes-Silva ◽  
Lúcia Prados ◽  
Mário Ramirez ◽  
José Melo-Cristino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization

The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV7 and PCV13 led to decreases in incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (pIPD) and changes in serotype distribution. We evaluated the consequences of higher vaccine uptake after the introduction of PCV13 in the National Immunization Plan (NIP) in 2015. Besides culture and conventional serotyping, the use of molecular methods to detect and serotype pneumococci in both pleural and cerebrospinal fluid samples contributed to 30% of all pIPD (n = 232) in 2015–2018. The most frequently detected serotypes were: 3 (n = 59, 26%), 10A (n = 17, 8%), 8 (n = 16, 7%) and 19A (n = 10, 4%). PCV13 serotypes still accounted for 46% of pIPD cases. Serotypes not included in any currently available conjugate vaccine (NVT) are becoming important causes of pIPD, with the increases in serotypes 8 and 33F being of particular concern given the importance of serotype 8 in adult IPD and the antimicrobial resistance of serotype 33F isolates. This study highlights the importance of using molecular methods in pIPD surveillance since these allowed a better case ascertainment and the identification of serotype 3 as the leading cause of pIPD. Even in a situation of vaccine uptake >95% for 3 years, PCV13 serotypes remain important causes of pIPD.

scholarly journals Evaluating post-vaccine expansion patterns of pneumococcal serotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maile T. Phillips ◽  
Joshua L. Warren ◽  
Noga Givon-Lavi ◽  
Adrienn Tothpal ◽  
Gili Regev-Yochay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Disease Understanding

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective but target only a fraction of the more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes. As a result, the introduction of PCVs has been followed by the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. With higher-valency PCVs currently under development, there is a need to understand and predict patterns of serotype replacement to anticipate future changes. In this study, we evaluated patterns of change in serotype prevalence post-PCV introduction in Israel. We found that the assumption that non-vaccine serotypes increase by the same proportion overestimates changes in serotype prevalence in Jewish and Bedouin children. Furthermore, pre-vaccine prevalence was positively associated with increases in prevalence over the study period. From our analyses, serotypes 12F, 8, 16F, 33F, 9N, 7B, 10A, 22F, 24F, and 17F were estimated to have gained the most cases of invasive pneumococcal disease through serotype replacement in the Jewish population. However, this model also failed to quantify some additional cases gained, suggesting that changes in carriage in children alone may be insufficient to explain serotype replacement in disease. Understanding of serotype replacement is important as higher-valency vaccines are introduced.

scholarly journals Invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Serbia: Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Vera Mijac ◽  
Lazar Ranin ◽  
Dragana Andjelkovic ◽  
Miroslava Radicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. Invasive pneumococcal disease is a significant medical problem worldwide, particularly in children, due to a huge increase of pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive pneumococcal isolates, as well as to determine whether decreased S. pneumoniae susceptibility to antibiotics was related to a particular serotype. Methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was determined in 58 invasive pneumococcal strains that were collected from seven regional centers during the period July 2009 to February 2011 in the National Reference Laboratory for streptococci and pneumococci. Results. The overall nonsusceptibility rate to penicillin was detected in 34% of pneumococcal isolates and to erythromycin in 36%. Higher resistance rates were observed among children than among adults. Penicillin resistance rate was 65% in children versus 22% in adults, while erythromycin nonsusceptibility rate was 47% in children versus 32% in adults. Co-resistance to penicillin and erythromycin was detected in 21% strains, mostly isolated from children. Multiresistance was found in one third of isolates. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, telithromycin and rifampicin, while 23 (40%) isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The most common resistant serotypes were 19F and 14. Conclusion. The study has revealed that penicillin and macrolide resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates is very high in Serbia. This emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring for invasive pneumococcal disease to document the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome: Is It Time for a New Vaccine?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015
Author(s):  
Elena Bozzola ◽  
Andrzej Krzysztofiak ◽  
Annausa Pantosti ◽  
Laura Lancella ◽  
Paola Bernaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDiseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are mostly preventable infections by current immunization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the heptavalent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) on the burden of pneumococcal disease and on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in the pediatric age over a 5-year study (from January 2008 till December 2012). We observed a decrease in IPD rate in children after PCV13 introduction despite increases in nonvaccine serotype (NVS) rates in 2011. Nevertheless, from 2012, an increase in IPD rates due to non-PCV13 serotypes was observed.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Sequence Type 4846 Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 12F Strain Isolated from a Meningitis Case in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chang ◽  
Masatomo Morita ◽  
Ken-ichi Lee ◽  
Makoto Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meningitis Case

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F rarely colonizes the nasopharynx but commonly causes invasive pneumococcal disease. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a sequence type 4846 (ST4846) S. pneumoniae serotype 12F strain isolated from a cluster of invasive pneumococcal disease patients in Japan.

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