An outbreak of hepatitis A in recently vaccinated students from ice snacks made from contaminated well water

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. ZHANG ◽  
X. J. WANG ◽  
J. M. BAI ◽  
G. FANG ◽  
L. G. LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

SUMMARYOn 30 May 2006, township S in Sichuan Province, China, reported an outbreak of hepatitis A (HA) in students who had recently received HA vaccine. The concern was raised that the vaccine had caused the outbreak. We attempted to identify the source of infection and mode of transmission. A HA case was defined as onset of jaundice or anorexia since 1 April 2006 with a twofold elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and anti-HA virus-IgM in a resident of or visitor to the township. Exposures to vaccine and snacks of 90 case-students to those of 107 control-students were compared. Thirty-four per cent of cases ate ice slush compared to 4·7% of controls (OR 4·1), and 51% of cases ate snow cones compared to 17% of controls (OR 8·3). The ice snacks were made with well water. HA virus RNA was detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction from patients' blood and well water. Untreated well water poses important dangers to the public in areas where piped, potable water is available.

Validation of new real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of hepatitis A virus RNA and parvovirus B19 DNA

Transfusion ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke W.A. Molenaar-de Backer ◽  
Mirjam de Waal ◽  
Margret C. Sjerps ◽  
Marco H.G.M. Koppelman
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Failure to Detect Hepatitis A Virus RNA in Factor VIII Concentrates Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
F. McOmish ◽  
P.L. Yap ◽  
H. Hart ◽  
K. Peerlinck ◽  
S.M. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Prolonged fecal excretion of hepatitis A virus in adult patients with hepatitis A as determined by polymerase chain reaction

Hepatology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yotsuyanagi ◽  
K Koike ◽  
K Yasuda ◽  
K Moriya ◽  
Y Shintani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus in Oysters†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID H. KINGSLEY ◽  
GARY P. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We investigated the ability of hepatitis A virus (HAV) to persist for up to 6 weeks in Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction 6 weeks after 16 h of exposure to 90,000 PFU (180 PFU/ml of seawater) of HAV. Assaying for infectious virus in oysters that received a daily feeding of phytoplankton recovered 3,800, 650, and 500 PFU of HAV 1, 2, and 3 weeks after contamination with 90,000 PFU of HAV, respectively. However, no infectious HAV was isolated from oysters 4, 5, or 6 weeks after contamination. These results support the position that shellfish depuration is insufficient for the complete removal of infectious viruses. Extended relay times (in excess of 4 weeks) may be required to produce virologically safe shellfish.

scholarly journals Application of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Proliferative Enteritis-Affected Swine Herds

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Holyoake ◽  
Gary F. Jones ◽  
Peter R. Davies ◽  
Dennis L. Foss ◽  
Michael P. Murtaugh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Age Range

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to confirm the presence of ileal symbiont (IS) intracellularis in 3 swine herds with a history of proliferative enteritis (PE). Two pooled fecal specimens, each comprising 5 individual stool samples, were collected from pen floors to screen for the presence of IS intracellularis and determine the age range of pigs shedding the organism. IS intracellularis was detected in the feces of clinically normal 10–25week-old grower/finisher pigs, indicating that this age range of pigs was the main source of infection for younger nursery pigs. Shedding continued without clinical disease when 10–100 g/ton of tylosin or 10 g/ton of chlortetracycline was added to the feed. PCR testing of pooled fecal samples can be used to identify groups of pigs affected with PE. The results of this study indicate that this PCR assay has the potential to accurately assess the IS intracellularis infection status of swine herds and the association of IS intracellular-is with PE and growth performance.

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