Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. SAMOKHVALOV ◽  
H. M. IRVING ◽  
J. REHM
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to quantify the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of pneumonia and to examine possible pathways. This was done by a systematic review and meta-analyses on the dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption or alcohol-use disorders and the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The relative risk (RR) of CAP increased monotonically with increasing alcohol consumption. Individuals consuming 24, 60, and 120 g of pure alcohol daily demonstrated RRs for incident CAP of 1·12 (95% CI 1·02–1·23), 1·33 (95% CI 1·06–1·67) and 1·76 (95% CI 1·13–2·77), respectively, relative to non-drinkers. Clinically defined alcohol-use disorders were associated with an eightfold increased risk of CAP (RR 8·22, 95% CI 4·85–13·95). In conclusion, alcohol was found to be a risk factor for pneumonia with a clear statistical association, and a monotonic dose–response relationship.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and incidence of prostate cancer among Chinese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zhao ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Jun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aims: Meta-analyses have suggested a dose-response relationship between level of alcohol use and risk of prostate cancer, but the populations in the included studies are predominantly Caucasian. Many Chinese language studies have not been included in published reviews and/or meta-analyses. The present meta–analysis accessed research reports in both English and Chinese language sources in order to investigate this relationship specifically among Chinese people. Methods: Searches in five large Chinese biomedical bibliographic databases were made for case–control and cohort studies of alcohol consumption and prostate cancer incidence and death (ICD–10: C61) up to May 2017. Studies were coded for design, outcome, drinker and non-drinkers, extent of control for confounding and other study characteristics. Mixed models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) of incidence or death from prostate cancer due to alcohol consumption with study level controls for designs, drinker bias and types of drinkers. Findings: A total of 415 studies were identified of which 25 (20 in Chinese from five Chinese databases and 5 in English from published meta-analyses) satisfied inclusion criteria providing 36 risk estimates of prostate cancer for drinkers versus non-drinkers. There was a total of 36 OR estimates; 27 using patients as controls and 9 using healthy people. Nine studies (14 OR estimates) specified reference abstainers as “never drank” or “no drinking”. Adjusted RR estimates indicated a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among drinkers (RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.40 – 1.52, t-test P<0.001) compared to non-drinkers. Dose-response relationships (t-test P<0.001) were evident in three studies that assessed level of alcohol intake. Conclusions: There is a significantly higher risk of prostate cancer incidence among Chinese drinkers than non-drinkers, with some evidence of a dose-response relationship. However, almost all the identified studies suffered from former and/or occasional drinker biases. Few studies had adequate measures of level of alcohol intake and further well-designed studies are required.

Opioids and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Collision: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 875512252110599
Author(s):  
Silvia J. Leon ◽  
Aaron Trachtenberg ◽  
Derek Briscoe ◽  
Maira Ahmed ◽  
Ingrid Hougen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collision ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Opioid analgesics are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but questions remain regarding their impact on the day-to-day functioning of patients including driving. We set out to perform a systematic review on the risk of motor vehicle collision (MVC) associated with prescription opioid exposure. Method: We searched Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and TRID from January 1990 to August 31, 2021 for primary studies assessing prescribed opioid use and MVCs. Results: We identified 14 observational studies that met inclusion criteria. Among those, 8 studies found an increased risk of MVC among those participants who had a concomitant opioid prescription at the time of the MVC and 3 found no significant increase of culpability of fatal MVC. The 3 studies that evaluated the presence of a dose-response relationship between the dose of opioids taken and the effects on MVC risk reported the existence of a dose-response relationship. Due to the heterogeneity of the different studies, a quantitative meta-analysis to sum evidence was deemed unfeasible. Our review supports increasing evidence on the association between motor vehicle collisions and prescribed opioids. This research would guide policies regarding driving legislation worldwide. Conclusion: Our review indicates that opioid prescriptions are likely associated with an increased risk of MVCs. Further studies are warranted to strengthen this finding, and investigate additional factors such as individual opioid medications, opioid doses and dose adjustments, and opioid tolerance for their effect on MVC risk.

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