Decrease in the incidence of culture-positive meningitis and cerebral tuberculomas in France from 1990 to 2007

SUMMARYWe evaluated the incidence rate of culture-positive central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) in France in 2007 and its time trend between 1990 and 2007. We used a capture–recapture analysis by using data recorded in 2007 by the mandatory notification system and the national network of the National Reference Centre (NRC). The 2007 sensitivity of the NRC was 79·4%. The previous sensitivity for 2000 (75·6%) and that for 2007 yielded a pooled estimate of 77·4% (95% confidence interval 64·8–88·0), which was used to extrapolate the number of culture-positive CNS TB cases from those reported in four surveys (1990, 1995, 2000, 2007). The extrapolated number of culture-positive CNS TB cases fell from 90 to 35 between 1990 and 2007, and the extrapolated incidence rates fell from 1·6 to 0·55 cases/million (P < 0·001). This favourable trend should be closely monitored following the change of the BCG vaccination policy in 2007.

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Repeat capture–recapture studies as part of the evaluation of the surveillance of Legionnaires' disease in France

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268803008616 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 647-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. NARDONE ◽

B. DECLUDT ◽

S. JARRAUD ◽

J. ETIENNE ◽

B. HUBERT ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Postal Survey ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

National Reference ◽

Reference Centre ◽

Mandatory Notification ◽

Capture Recapture ◽

Legionnaires Disease ◽

Interaction Term ◽

Log Linear

We evaluated improvements made to the mandatory notification surveillance system for Legionnaires' disease in France by estimating its sensitivity in 1995 and 1998 using a repeat capture–recapture method. A case of Legionnaires' disease was defined as a person treated for pneumonia in whom legionella had been detected. Patient details were collected from (1) mandatory notifications; (2) the National Reference Centre for Legionella; (3) a postal survey of all hospital laboratories. The three sources were cross-matched and 715 individual cases were identified. A log-linear model, which included an interaction term between mandatory notifications and both the National Reference Centre and Laboratory sources, provided an estimated total of 1124 cases (95% CI 973–1275) in 1998, a twofold increase compared with 1995. The sensitivity of the surveillance system improved from 10% in 1995 to 33% (95% CI 29–38%) in 1998. Capture-recapture methods are important tools in the evaluation of surveillance systems.

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Laboratory capacity of Greek hospitals for diagnosis of salmonellosis and surveillance systems’ performance in the years of economic crisis, 2010–2016

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818002686 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

Author(s):

K. Mellou ◽

E. Saranti-Papasaranti ◽

G. Mandilara ◽

T. Georgakopoulou

Keyword(s):

Public Hospitals ◽

Geographical Region ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Laboratory System ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

National Reference Laboratory ◽

Notification System ◽

National Reference ◽

Laboratory Capacity ◽

Mandatory Notification

AbstractAusterity might have affected the capacity of public hospitals in Greece to diagnose salmonellosis (laboratory capacity) over the period 2010–2016, as well as the performance of the existing surveillance systems. The scope of this paper is to present data on laboratory capacity over these years, as well as the results of a two-source capture-recapture study (data from Mandatory Notification System and National Reference Laboratory System for Salmonella). The main findings were that: (a) laboratory capacity was high and steady besides the financial crisis, (b) the estimated number of laboratory-confirmed cases (n = 6017, 95% CI 5892–6142) resulted in an incidence rate (7.9 cases/100 000 population) almost twice than that reported by the two systems Mandatory Notification System (MNS); 4.1 and National Reference Laboratory System (NRLS); 4.5 cases/100 000 population, (c) underreporting was high for both systems (MNS; 47.5% and NRLS; 42.8%) and (d) differences by geographical region, size and type of hospital were identified. We suggest that (a) specific interventions are needed to increase completeness of the systems by type of hospital and geographical region, (b) record linkage can help in estimating the disease burden in a more valid way than each system separately and (c) a common electronic database in order to feed one system to the other could significantly increase completeness of both systems.

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Estimating the real incidence of invasive listeriosis through an integrated surveillance model in use in Lombardy (Italy, 2006–2014)

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817000711 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (10) ◽

pp. 2072-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. ZOLIN ◽

E. AMATO ◽

M. D'AURIA ◽

M. GORI ◽

P. HUEDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Notification System ◽

The Real ◽

Lombardy Region ◽

Surveillance Model ◽

High Incidence ◽

Mandatory Notification ◽

Capture Recapture ◽

Real Increase

SUMMARYThe annual incidence of listeriosis in Italy is lower (0·19–0·27 per 100 000 inhabitants per year) than in Europe (0·34–0·52 per 100 000 inhabitants per year). Since the observed incidence of listeriosis may be biased downward for underdiagnosis or under-reporting, this work aims to estimate the real incidence of listeriosis during a 9-year period in the Lombardy region, Italy. Data on listeriosis cases were collected from national mandatory notification system (MAINF) and Laboratory-based Surveillance System (LabSS). The two sources were cross-matched and capture–recapture method was applied to estimate the number of undetected cases and the real incidence of invasive listeriosis. Five hundred and eighty invasive listeriosis cases were detected by the two sources between 2006 and 2014: 50·2% were identified only via MAINF, 16·7% were recorded only via LabSS, overlaps occurred in 192 cases (33·1%). The mean annual incidence detected only by MAINF was 0·56 per 100 000 inhabitants, which rose to 0·67 per 100 000 considering also the cases detected by LabSS. The capture–recapture method allowed to estimate an incidence of 0·84 per 100 000. The high incidence of listeriosis may be due to improved sensitivity of the surveillance system, but also reflect a real increase, associated with an increased population at risk.

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A regional outbreak of S. Enteritidis phage type 5, traced back to the flocks of an egg producer, Austria

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.08.10.00428-en ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 195-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C Berghold ◽

C. Kornschober ◽

S. Weber

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Phage Type ◽

Vaccination Policy ◽

National Reference ◽

Reference Centre

In the spring and summer of 2002, the Nationale Referenzzentrale für Salmonellen (National Reference Centre for Salmonella - NRCS) in Austria noticed a cluster of human Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Enteritidis phage type 5 (S. Enteritidis PT5) infections in two neighbouring districts of Austria. Another small outbreak of S. Enteritidis PT5 infections that occurred in the same region in 1999 had been traced back to the flocks of a local egg producer (approximately 6 000 hens). Attention was therefore again directed at this farm. The results of voluntary bacteriological examinations from the farm and further epidemiological investigations identified the same egg producer as the source of the second outbreak. The 70 human isolates of S. Enteritidis PT5 ascertained in 2002 represented a minority of all infections. It is realistic to estimate that several hundred infections occurred in the course of the 2002 outbreak. The farmer had not vaccinated new flocks against Salmonella since August 2001. It is likely that the change in vaccination policy resulted in the reappearance of the S. Enteritidis PT5 infections. By the end of September 2002 the farmer had stopped selling untreated table eggs. In October 2002 only one isolate of S. Enteritidis PT5 was ascertained in the region.

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Capture–recapture analysis to estimate the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in Germany, 2003

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268806007151 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 657-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. SCHRAUDER ◽

H. CLAUS ◽

J. ELIAS ◽

U. VOGEL ◽

W. HAAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meningococcal Disease ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽

Robert Koch Institute ◽

Positive Dependence ◽

National Reference ◽

Reference Centre ◽

Capture Recapture ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Disease Specific

SUMMARYThe incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Germany in 2003 was estimated by the two-source capture–recapture method. As a unique personal identifier was unavailable, cases with IMD tested at the National Reference Centre for Meningococci (NRZM) were matched with cases reported to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) through the statutory surveillance system by using demographic and disease-specific variables common to both datasets. The estimated overall incidence was 1·1 IMD cases/100 000 inhabitants, with a sensitivity of ascertainment of 64·8% for NRZM and 89·4% for RKI. Case-fatality rate was estimated at 8·8%. Adjustment for heterogeneity of capture according to age, region and serogroup observed in the NRZM (but not RKI) source had minimal effect on the estimated incidence. The IMD incidence estimated by capture–recapture analysis is thus only slightly higher than through statutory surveillance data. As a degree of positive dependence between the systems cannot be ruled out, this estimate may still be an underestimate. However, under ascertainment appears insufficient to explain the low incidence of IMD in Germany compared to other European countries.

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Outbreak of Salmonella dublin infection in France, November - December 1995

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.01.02.00193-en ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 9-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

V Vaillant ◽

S Haeghebaert ◽

J C Desenclos ◽

P Bouvet ◽

F Grimont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Santé Publique ◽

Expected Number ◽

National Network ◽

Salmonella Dublin ◽

National Reference ◽

Reference Centre ◽

Sante Publique

On 20 December 1995, the National Network of Public Health (Réseau National de Santé Publique - RNSP) was notified by the Salmonella and Shigella National Reference Centre (Centre National de Référence - CNR) that a greater than expected number of human i

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Interlaboratory Optimization and Evaluation of a Serological Assay for Diagnosis of Human Baylisascariasis

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00387-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1758-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lisa N. Rascoe ◽

Cynthia Santamaria ◽

Sukwan Handali ◽

Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam ◽

Kevin R. Kazacos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blot ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Western Blot Assay ◽

Content Type ◽

National Reference ◽

Baylisascaris Procyonis ◽

Reference Centre ◽

Assay Performance ◽

Positive Serum ◽

Control And Prevention

ABSTRACTA Western blot assay using a recombinant protein, recombinantBaylisascaris procyonisRAG1 protein (rBpRAG1), was developed for the diagnosis of human baylisascariasis concurrently by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, and the National Reference Centre for Parasitology (NRCP) in Montreal, Canada. Assay performance was assessed by testing 275 specimens at the CDC and 405 specimens at the NRCP. Twenty specimens from 16 cases of baylisascariasis were evaluated. Eighteen were positive, with the assay correctly identifying 14 of 16 patients. The rBpRAG1 Western blot assay showed no cross-reactivity withToxocara-positive serum and had an overall sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 98%.

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The Economic Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2004/354610 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 255-257

Author(s):

Robert Hilsden

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Labour Force ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Group Level ◽

The Past ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Using Data ◽

Very High

Longobardi and colleagues examined the effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on employment, using data from 10,891 respondents aged 20 to 64 years from the 1998 cycle of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) (1). This sample included 187 (1.7%) subjects who self-reported IBD or a similar bowel disorder. A significantly greater proportion of IBD than non-IBD respondents reported that they were not in the labour force (28.9% versus 18.5%). Even after adjusting for other factors (age group, level of pain, etc), subjects with IBD had a 2.9% higher nonparticipation rate (21.4%). For example, among people not hospitalized within the past year and with no limitation of activities due to pain, IBD subjects were 1.2 times more likely to be unemployed than those without IBD. Subjects who reported high levels of pain had a very high probability of being out of the labour force. Based on Canadian annual compensation data for all employed persons in Canada, and age- and sex-specific prevalence, and incidence rates for IBD, the authors estimated that there are 119,980 IBD patients between the ages of 20 and 64 years in Canada and that this group includes 3479 people who are not in the labour force. This translates into lost wages of $104.2 million, or $868 per IBD patient

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Presentation of the French National Reference Centre for Pediatric Stroke

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.770 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. e300

Author(s):

M. Chevignard ◽

C. Vuillerot ◽

M. Kossorotoff ◽

M. Zerah ◽

B. Husson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Stroke ◽

National Reference ◽

Reference Centre

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Decreasing incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery ◽

10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 320-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Patrick Nicholson ◽

Alan O’Hare ◽

Sarah Power ◽

Seamus Looby ◽

Mohsen Javadpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Population Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

National Database ◽

Irish Hospital ◽

Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Using Data ◽

Adjusted Incidence

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and trends in subarachnoid hemorrhage in Ireland using data from a national database.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective nationwide query of the Irish Hospital In-patient Enquiry System (HIPE). This is a national database of all in-patient activity in acute public hospitals in Ireland. Each HIPE entry records one episode of in-patient care. The study period ranged from 1997 to 2015. Population data was obtained from the Irish Central Statistics Office, and the annual prevalence of smoking from the Irish National Tobacco Control Office. We were therefore able to calculate both crude annual acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) incidence rates, as well as population-standardized rates, and compared them with trends in the annual smoking rates.ResultsThe mean number of SAH cases per year is 549, with 465 cases in 1997 and 517 in 2015 (range: 465–624). The absolute incidence of SAH, therefore, remained relatively stable. Due to population increases over time, the population-adjusted rate of SAH therefore decreased, from 126.9/million people/year in 1997 to 111.5/million people/year in 2015. Nationally, there was a decrease in smoking prevalence, from 31% in 1998 to 19.2% in 2015. There was a statistically significant correlation between decreasing smoking rates and decreasing population-adjusted incidence of SAH (P=<0.0001).ConclusionsOur data suggests that the incidence of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in our population appears to be decreasing, a decrease which is correlated with decreasing smoking rates. This provides important data both in terms of the epidemiology of SAH, as well as the possible role of public-health interventions in tackling both smoking and declining rates of SAH.

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