scholarly journals Single, dual and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of hospitalization and mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. GOKA ◽  
P. J. VALLELY ◽  
K. J. MUTTON ◽  
P. E. KLAPPER
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

SUMMARYRespiratory virus infections cause a significant number of hospitalization and deaths globally. This study investigated the association between single and multiple respiratory virus infections and risk of admission to a general ward, intensive care unit or death in patients aged 0–105 years (mean ± s.d. = 24·4 ± 24·1 years), from North West England, that were tested for respiratory virus infections between January 2007 and June 2012. The majority of infections were in children aged ⩽5 years. Dual or multiple infections occurred in 10·4% (1214/11 715) of patients, whereas single infection occurred in 89·6% (10 501/11 715). Rhinovirus was the most common co-infecting virus (occurring in 69·5%; 844/1214 of co-infections). In a multivariate logistic regression model, multiple infections were associated with an increased risk of admission to a general ward [odds ratio (OR) 1·43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·2–1·7, P < 0·0001]. On the other hand, patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza virus types 1–3 (hPIV1–3), as a single infection, had a higher risk of being admitted to a general ward (OR 1·49, 95% CI 1·28–1·73, P < 0·0001 and OR 1·34, 95% CI 1·003–1·8, P = 0·05, respectively); admitted to an intensive-care unit or dying (OR 1·5, 95% CI 1·20–2·0, P = 0·001 and OR 1·60, 95% CI 1·02–2·40, P = 0·04, respectively). This result emphasizes the importance of RSV, hPIV and mixed infections and calls for research on vaccines, drugs and diagnostic tests targeting these respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals Premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Lun Hon ◽  
Erica Hung ◽  
Julian Tang ◽  
Chung Mo Chow ◽  
Ting Fan Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

scholarly journals Premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Kam Lun Hon ◽  
Erica Hung ◽  
Julian Tang ◽  
Chung Mo Chow ◽  
Ting Fan Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Noninfluenza Respiratory Virus Infections Associated With Receipt of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1778-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Cowling ◽  
Vicky J. Fang ◽  
Hiroshi Nishiura ◽  
Kwok-Hung Chan ◽  
Sophia Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

scholarly journals Aging and respiratory viral infection: from acute morbidity to chronic sequelae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Nick P. Goplen ◽  
Jie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

AbstractThe altered immune response in aged hosts play a vital role in contributing to their increased morbidity and mortality during respiratory virus infections. The aged hosts display impaired antiviral immune response as well as increased risk for long-term pulmonary sequelae post virus clearance. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving these alterations of the immune compartment have not been fully elucidated. During the era of COVID-19 pandemic, a better understanding of such aspects is urgently needed to provide insight that will benefit the geriatric patient care in prevention as well as treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge about the unique immune characteristics of aged hosts during homeostasis and respiratory virus infections.

scholarly journals 1103. Respiratory Virus Infections In Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S581-S582
Author(s):  
Maria A Mendoza ◽  
Mohammed A Raja ◽  
Gemma Rosello ◽  
Shweta Anjan ◽  
Jacques Simkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Abstract Background Community acquired respiratory virus infections (RVI) are a major concern in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients due to severe complications such as lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), superimposed fungal and bacterial pneumonia, intensive care admission and mortality. Besides influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), there is paucity of data of RVI in SOT recipients. Table 1: Patients characteristics Table 2: Concomitant infections Methods Retrospective cohort study of a single large transplant center was performed. Data of multiplex qualitative PCR-based respiratory viral panel (RVP) samples collected between January 2017 and December 2019 were included. It is important to mention that our institution generally performs the RSV/influenza rapid detection assay as an initial test; if negative, the multiplex PCR panel is usually done. We did not include results from the RSV/influenza rapid test in this study. Results One hundred transplant patients with a single positive RVP were included (table 1). Transplanted organs include kidney (40%), followed by lung (33%) and liver (9%). Most common presenting symptoms were cough (52%), shortness of breath (28%) and rhinorrhea (26%). Of note fever was seen in only 24%. Most common RVI was Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (RHV/ENT) (59%), followed by non-SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (19%) and Parainfluenza (PIV) (14%). None of the patients had neutropenia, however, 52% had lymphocytopenia. Lung transplant patients developed LRTI in 70% of cases compared to non-lung transplant 64% (p=0.412). Multivariate analysis showed patients with PIV 3 were less likely to develop LRTI (p= 0.038). Significant Cytomegalovirus DNAemia (&gt;137 IU/mL) was noted in 9.8% of the recipients. No proven or probable pulmonary fungal infection were noted within 3 months after diagnosis of RVI. Five patients were admitted to the Intensive care unit due to septic shock. Three patients died at 4, 5 and 35 days after diagnosis of RHV/ENT, PIV-3 and RHV/ENT respectively. Conclusion Most of the cases of RVI were due to RHV/ENT. Patients with PIV 3 were less likely to develop LRTI. Lung transplant recipients developed LRTI with similar incidence to non-lung recipients. Our data shows a very low mortality of 3% after RVI in our SOT cohort, which warrants larger studies. Disclosures Michele I. Morris, MD, Viracor Eurofins (Advisor or Review Panel member)

Immunizations and vaccines: a decade of successes and reversals, and a call for ‘vaccine diplomacy’

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Hotez
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
New Vaccines

Abstract Over the last decade we have seen extraordinary public health gains due to expansions in global vaccination programs led by United Nations (UN) agencies, including Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, UNICEF and the WHO. These initiatives have reduced childhood deaths from measles, tetanus and other vaccine-preventable diseases by almost one half. There is additional excitement over the potential development and introduction of new vaccines to prevent highly lethal respiratory virus infections, as well as tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS and several neglected tropical diseases. However, these successes are under threat due to political instability, conflict and an accelerating antivaccine movement. New initiatives in vaccine diplomacy will be required to combat these challenges.

scholarly journals Histological evidence of pulmonary micro-thrombosis and vasculitis in life-threatening respiratory virus diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather W Dolby ◽  
Philippe M D Potey ◽  
Annika Wilder-Smith ◽  
Sara Clohisey ◽  
Jonathan E Millar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Abstract Pulmonary micro-thrombosis and vasculitis occur in fatal COVID-19. To determine if these processes occur in other life-threatening respiratory virus infections we identified autopsy studies of fatal influenza(n=455 patients), SARS(n=37), MERS(n=2), adenovirus(n=34) and RSV(n=30). Histological evidence of thrombosis was frequently present in adults with fatal influenza and SARS, with vasculitis also reported.

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